A Photoelastic Study of Stress Distribution During Orthogonal Cutting—Part 2: Photoplasticity Observations

1971 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
Photoelastic Study

This paper extends the photoelasticity studies reported in Part 1 of this paper to the plastic regions associated with chip formation during orthogonal cutting. These regions include the deformation zone, the tool-chip interface and the chip itself. Problems connected with quantitative studies involving photoplasticity techniques are discussed. Qualitative interpretation of the photoplasticity observations carried out under dynamic cutting conditions are offered. Some comments regarding the role of the residual stresses in the chip in influencing the types of chips formed during cutting are made.

Analytical Prediction of Three Dimensional Cutting Process—Part 2: Chip Formation and Cutting Force with Conventional Single-Point Tool

1978 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Usui ◽  
A. Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Nose Radius ◽  
Cutting Model

The cutting model and the energy method to predict chip formation and cutting force, which were proposed in the previous part of this study, are extended to machining with conventional single-point tool. The prediction is always possible in the practical range of cutting conditions regardless of size of cutting and tool geometry, if only orthogonal cutting data under equivalent cutting conditions are in hand. The predicted results are verified to be in good agreement with the experimental results in a wide variety of depth of cut, side and back rake angles, side cutting edge angle, and nose radius.

scholarly journals Temperature and Strain Measurement during Chip Formation in Orthogonal Cutting Conditions Applied to Ti-6Al-4V

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 922-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cotterell ◽  
E. Ares ◽  
J. Yanes ◽  
F. López ◽  
P. Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chip Formation ◽  
Strain Measurement ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Conditions

The Periodical Fluctuation of Residual Stress in Hard Turned Surface and its Relationship With Chip Formation

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Zhang ◽  
Shenfeng Wu ◽  
C. Richard Liu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Fluctuation Frequency ◽  
Cutting Direction ◽  
Edge Tool

To evaluate the residual stress distribution along cutting direction in hard turning process, an explicit dynamic thermo-mechanical orthogonal Finite Element Model (FEM) is developed to consider the correlation between residual stress distribution and chip morphology and plough effect by cutting edge. The FEM adopts Johnson-Cook (J-C) model to describe work material property, the critical equivalent plastic strain criterion to simulate chip separation behavior, and the revised coulomb’s law to capture the friction pattern between the tool and chip interface. The FEM is validated by comparing the predicted and experimental chip morphology and residual stress distribution. The residual stress distribution in hard machined surface along cutting direction is accurately captured by using sharp and honed cutting edge tools. The residual stresses by sharp tool demonstrate a periodical characteristic, the fluctuation amplitudes are determined in the surface and subsurface along the cutting direction, and the fluctuation frequency corresponds to that of the saw-tooth chip. However, the residual stresses by honed cutting edge tool demonstrate an indistinct periodic characteristic, the fluctuation frequency in surface and subsurface is larger than that of the saw-tooth chip. Saw-tooth chip formation process by sharp tool is identified to analyze the residual stress scatter periodic mechanism, which associates with the fluctuation of cutting force and temperature. The plough process by honed cutting edge tool is identified to explain the equilibrium effect on the amplitude and frequency of residual stress scatter in hard turned surface and subsurface. The periodical fluctuation characteristics of residual stress in hard turned surface and subsurface is revealed and verified by determining its amplitude and frequency corresponding to that of the saw-tooth chip. The analysis will enhance the fatigue life prediction accuracy by incorporating the effect of residual stresses periodical fluctuation on the crack initiation and propagation life in hard turned surface and subsurface.

Experimental and Numerical Investigation into Residual Stress During Turning Operation for Stainless Steel AISI 316

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (12A) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870
Author(s):  
Safa M. Lafta ◽  
Maan A. Tawfiq
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Aisi 316

RS (residual stresses) represent the main role in the performance of structures and machined parts. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of feed rate with constant cutting speed and depth of cut on residual stresses in orthogonal cutting, using Tungsten carbide cutting tools when machining AISI 316 in turning operation. AISI 316 stainless steel was selected in experiments since it is used in many important industries such as chemical, petrochemical industries, power generation, electrical engineering, food and beverage industry. Four feed rates were selected (0.228, 0.16, 0.08 and 0.065) mm/rev when cutting speed is constant 71 mm/min and depth of cutting 2 mm. The experimental results of residual stresses were (-15.75, 12.84, 64.9, 37.74) MPa and the numerical results of residual stresses were (-15, 12, 59, and 37) MPa. The best value of residual stresses is (-15.75 and -15) MPa when it is in a compressive way. The results showed that the percentage error between numerical by using (ABAQUS/ CAE ver. 2017) and experimental work measured by X-ray diffraction is range (2-15) %.

Managing multichannel coordination in retail banking: the influence of customer participation

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Plé
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Design ◽  
Retail Banking ◽  
Customer Participation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Retail Banks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to explore the combining of marketing and organizational literature. This paper seeks to evaluate the relationships between multichannel coordination and customer participation, as seen through the lens of potential customer opportunism. It aims at showing the impact of this opportunism on the organizational design of multiple channels structures.Design/methodology/approachThe research reports on an exploratory case study in a French retail bank. A total of 25 in‐depth interviews were conducted, and the use of other sources enabled data triangulation.FindingsThe results show first that an increase in the number of distribution channels is liable to favor customer opportunistic behavior. To counter this, the bank mainly relies on impersonal coordination modes. An emerging result highlights the role of the customer as a “perceptual filter” between the different channels of employees.Research limitations/implicationsCustomer opportunism is studied via channels employees perceptions. An investigation using a customer survey may help to better understand this construct, e.g. to identify its antecedents, and to measure it precisely. Moreover, further qualitative and/or quantitative studies with larger sample sizes are needed to try and generalize these results.Practical implicationsIt is recommended not to forget that customers can facilitate or hinder multichannel coordination. Retail banks have the power to use them conveniently, provided that they are fully conscious of the scope of the “partial employee” role played by the customer.Originality/valueThis paper broadens understanding of how multichannel distribution structures are coordinated, and in a way belies traditional organizational design literature. The emerging result gives birth to the concept of “reversed interactive marketing”, which has interesting theoretical and practical repercussions.

FE analysis of the effects of process representations on the prediction of residual stresses and chip morphology in the down-milling of Ti6Al4V

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Nejah Tounsi ◽  
Tahany El-Wardany
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Orthogonal Cutting ◽  
Chip Thickness ◽  
Chip Morphology ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Uncut Chip Thickness ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Cutting Length ◽  
Sequential Cuts

Abstract Part I of these two-part papers will investigate the effect of three FEM representations of the milling process on the prediction of chip morphology and residual stresses (RS), when down-milling small uncut chips with thickness in the micrometer range and finite cutting edge radius. They are: i) orthogonal cutting with the mean uncut chip thickness t, obtained by averaging the uncut chip thickness over the cutting length, ii) orthogonal cutting with variable t, which characterizes the down-milling process and which is imposed on a flat surface of the final workpiece, and iii) modelling the true kinematics of the down milling process. The appropriate constitutive model is identified through 2D FEM investigation of the effects of selected constitutive equations and failure models on the prediction of RS and chip morphology in the dry orthogonal machining of Ti6Al4V and comparison to experimental measurements. The chip morphology and RS prediction capability of these representations is assessed using the available set of experimental data. Models featuring variable chip thickness have revealed the transition from continuous chip formation to the rubbing mode and have improved the predictions of residual stresses. The use of sequential cuts is necessary to converge toward experimental data.

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