Ligament Strain in the Human Knee Joint

1970 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Edwards ◽  
J. F. Lafferty ◽  
K. O. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Ligament Strain ◽  
Good Agreement

The kinematics of the human knee joint and the strain of the ligaments as a function of flexion are determined analytically and experimentally. The experimental results were obtained in 13 tests of four knee joints in which the strain in each of the two collateral and two cruciate ligaments was measured with mercury strain gauges while the tibia was rotated through a flexion angle of 130 deg. The values of the relative ligament strain obtained from the analytical model are in good agreement with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Relevance of the hyperelastic behavior of cruciate ligaments in the modeling of the human knee joint in sagittal plane

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Alejandro Ponce-Saldias ◽  
◽  
Daniel Martins ◽  
Carlos Rodrigo de Mello-Roesler ◽  
Otavio Teixeira-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint

How the External Impact Energy Affects the Internal Kinetics of Knee Joint: The Comparison of Porcine and Human Knee Joint

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaw-Lin Wang ◽  
Cheng-Hsien Chung ◽  
Chung-Kai Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
Porcine Knee

Degenerative osteoarthritis is recognized as the consequences of mechanical injuries. The abnormal impact force applied to articular cartilage would result in bone fracture or surface fissuring, and would cause the osteoarthritis [1,2]. The relation among the injury and impact energy was well studied. However, how the external energy attenuated to the internal joint is not carefully studied yet. The porcine knee joint was used as a biomechanical model for the simulation of human knee joint during impact loading. The objective of current study was to find the variation of kinetic characteristics between human and porcine knee joint during axial impact loading. Eight fresh-frozen knee joints from 10 month-old swine and seven cadaver human knee joints were used in the experiment. The mechanical responses such as forces and bending moment of knee joint, and the accelerations of femur was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the axial force response between human and porcine joints was similar, however, the anteroposterior shear, flexion bening moment and accelerations of these two joints were different.

The Contribution of the Cruciate Ligaments to the Load-Displacement Characteristics of the Human Knee Joint

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Piziali ◽  
J. Rastegar ◽  
D. A. Nagel ◽  
D. J. Schurman
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Lateral Load ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Torsional Loads ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Human knee specimens were subjected to anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, varus-valgus, and torsional displacement tests. Loads were recorded for the intact joint and for the joint with all soft tissues cut except for the cruciate ligaments. The effect of condylar interference was determined for anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and torsional displacements. The variation in load with flexion angle was considerable for medial-lateral (0–90-deg flexion) displacements, and less for varus-valgus (0–45-deg flexion) displacements. The cruciates were found to carry almost the entire anterior-posterior load; they carried a significant percentage of the medial-lateral load which varied considerably with flexion angle. A small, but not insignificant percentage of the varus-valgus load was carried by the cruciates and the variations with flexion angle were small. In torsion, the cruciates resisted only internal rotation. In the tested displacement ranges, condylar interference had a small effect on the medial-lateral load but did not affect anterior-posterior or torsional loads.

scholarly journals A Study of Wear Articular Cartilage of Synovial Human Knee Joint Using Non-Newtonian Elastic Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
pp. 1407-1418
Author(s):  
Enas Yahya Abdullah ◽  
Hala Khdhie
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Elastic Deformation ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Film Characteristics

In this paper, the wear in layers of articular cartilage was calculated, parameters effective on elastic deformation were studied in normal and diseased knee joints,   and relations between elastic deformation and squeeze film characteristics under lubrication condition  were discussed with using a mathematical model. Conferring to the results obtained, elastic deformation effects on the performance of synovial human knee joint were analyzed from medical and dynamics perspectives. Relationships between elastic deformation and wear of layers were also discussed.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Analysis of Human Knee Joint in Indian Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Ratnakar Ambade ◽  
Ankit Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Distal Femur ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Part Dimension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Complex Surgical Procedures

Background: It is well understood that distal femoral and proximal tibia scale is lower in case of the Asian than that of their western counterparts. Because of the Asian population's comparatively smaller structure and stature, many surgeons claim that imported implants may not be well fitted for Asian origin patients, mainly based on Western morphometry. It is very likely that an overweight section will be used in many Asian centres in most operations, resulting in low results of the procedure of the implant. For joint substitution of distal femur, careful positioning of fitted implants as well as balancing of underlying soft tissues is important. It is also important to use incredibly complex surgical procedures. To retain its usual functional motion spectrum, use of a suitable femoral part dimension is necessary. Furthermore, owing to a discrepancy between the size of the prosthesis and the bone, there could be a host of serious issues. Objectives: To calculate the anthropometric distal femur parameter and determine the distal femur variations on the right and left side of the morph metric measurement and to evaluate dimension of current TKA as related to Indian population. Methodology: This study included visiting the out patients Department of Orthopedics, at AVBRH in the age group 30-50 year during the period of June-2020 to April-2023 with sample size of 50 patients. Detailed history and clinical review will be taken, including age, sex, socio-economic background, type of employment. In all patients involved in the study in Orthopedic OPD, thorough radiological assessment of all the knee joints will be performed. The radiological test and various anthropometrics will include knee joint Simple X-ray and CT-Scan. Expected Results: We expect that from our results, anthropometric measurements of Indian population may differ from other literatures.

scholarly journals Influence of reduction accuracy in lateral tibial plateau fractures on intra-articular friction – a biomechanical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Walter ◽  
Alexander Beck ◽  
Christopher Jacob ◽  
Ulf Krister Hofmann ◽  
Ulrich Stöckle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
New Method ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Anterolateral Approach ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Current Limit ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
Step Down

Abstract Background Lateral tibial split fractures (LTSF) usually require surgical therapy with screw or plate osteosynthesis. Excellent anatomical reduction of the fracture is thereby essential to avoid post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In clinical practice, a gap and step of 2 mm have been propagated as maximum tolerable limit. To date, biomechanical studies regarding tibial fractures have been limited to pressure measurement, but the relationship between dissipated energy (DE) as a friction parameter and reduction accuracy in LTSF has not been investigated. In past experiments, we developed a new method to measure DE in ovine knee joints. To determine weather non-anatomical fracture reduction with lateral gap or vertical step condition leads to relevant changes in DE in the human knee joint, we tested the applicability of the new method on human LTSFs and investigated whether the current limit of 2 mm gap and step is durable from a biomechanical point of view. Methods Seven right human, native knee joint specimens were cyclically moved under 400 N axial load using a robotic system. During the cyclic motion, the flexion angle and the respective torque were recorded and the DE was calculated. First, DE was measured after an anterolateral approach had been performed (condition “native”). Then a LTSF was set with a chisel, reduced anatomically, fixed with two set screws and DE was measured (“even”). DE of further reductions was then measured with gaps of 1 mm and 2 mm, and a 2 mm step down or a 2 mm step up was measured. Results We successfully established a measurement protocol for DE in human knee joints with LTSF. While gaps led to small though statistically significant increase (1 mm gap:ΔDE compared with native = 0.030 J/cycle, (+ 21%), p = 0.02; 2 mm gap:ΔDE = 0.032 J/cycle, (+ 22%), p = 0.009), this increase almost doubled when reducing in a step-down condition (ΔDE = 0.058 J/cycle, (+ 56%), p = 0.042) and even tripled in the step-up condition (ΔDE = 0.097 J/cycle, (+ 94%), p = 0.004). Conclusions Based on our biomechanical findings, we suggest avoiding step conditions in the daily work in the operating theatre. Gap conditions can be handled a bit more generously.

On the Kinematic Modeling and the Parameter Estimation of the Human Knee Joint

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bao ◽  
P. Y. Willems
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Kinematic Modeling ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Type Device ◽  
Femur Condyle ◽  
Tibia Plateau

This paper presents some results on the modeling and the parameter estimation of the human knee joint. Based on the geometric characteristics of the femur condyle and the tibia plateau, a part of femoro-tibial joint model includes an involute-on-plane submodel. Data recorded by camera type device are used to analyze the kinematic characteristics of the knee joint and to estimate the corresponding submodel parameters. Experimental results are presented and the model is further validated.

FINITE ELEMENT CONTACT ANALYSIS OF A HUMAN SAGITTAL KNEE JOINT

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
XIONGQI PENG ◽  
GENG LIU ◽  
ZAOYANG GUO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Artificial Joint Replacement ◽  
Vital Component

Articular cartilage is a vital component of human knee joints by providing a low-friction and wear-resistant surface in knee joints and distributing stresses to tibia. The degeneration or damage of articular cartilage will incur acute pain on the human knee joints. Hence, to understand the mechanism of normal and pathological functions of articular cartilage, it is very important to investigate the contact mechanics of the human knee joints. Experimental research has difficulties in reproducing the physiological conditions of daily activities and measuring the key factors such as contact-stress distributions inside knee joint without violating the physiological environment. On the other hand, numerical approaches such as finite element (FE) analysis provide a powerful tool in the biomechanics study of the human knee joint. This article presents a two-dimensional (2D) FE model of the human knee joints that includes the femur, tibia, patella, quadriceps, patellar tendon, and cartilages. The model is analyzed with dynamic loadings to study stress distribution in the tibia and contact area during contact with or without articular cartilage. The results obtained in this article are very helpful to find the pathological mechanism of knee joint degeneration or damage, and thus guide the therapy of knee illness and artificial joint replacement.

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