Experimental Investigations of Steady and Pulsatile Laminar Flow in a 90° Branch

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Mark ◽  
C. B. Bargeron ◽  
O. J. Deters ◽  
M. H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Flow Velocities

Velocity measurements are reported for steady and unsteady flow in a rectangular cross-section Y-branch of high aspect ratio. Good agreement is found between the experimental results and two-dimensional calculations. Emphasis is placed on flow velocities near and parallel to the outer wall inasmuch as their gradients are proportional to wall shearing stress which may be of influence in atherogenesis. Large variation in flow velocities and hence shearing stress are found in the immediate vicinity of the corner. The results in this region could support theories which propose either high or low shearing stress as an important consideration in the etiology of arteriosclerosis.

Dependence of AC losses on aspect ratio in superconducting wires with rectangular cross section

2004 ◽  
Vol 412-414 ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kajikawa ◽  
T. Hayashi ◽  
K. Funaki ◽  
E.S. Otabe ◽  
T. Matsushita
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Ac Losses ◽  
Superconducting Wires

scholarly journals Flow through a helical pipe with rectangular cross-section

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Md Mahmud Alam ◽  
Delowara Begum ◽  
K Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Iterative Method ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Dean Number ◽  
Helical Pipe ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Marine Engineering

The effects of torsion, aspect ratio and curvature on the flow in a helical pipe of rectangular cross- section are studied by introducing a non-orthogonal helical coordinate system. Spectral method is applied as main tool for numerical approach where Chebyshev polynomial is used. The numerical calculations are obtained by the iterative method. The calculations are carried out for 0≤ δ ≤0.02, 1≤ λ ≤ 2.85, 1≤ γ ≤2.4, at Dn = 50 & 100 respectively, where d is the non-dimensional curvature, l the torsion parameter, g the aspect ratio and  Dn the pressure driven parameter (Dean number).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v4i2.991 Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Vol.4(2) 2007 p.99-110

Influence of the 180° Bend Geometry on the Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer in a High Aspect Ratio Rectangular Smooth Channel

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pape ◽  
Herve´ Jeanmart ◽  
Jens von Wolfersdorf ◽  
Bernhard Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Cooling Channel ◽  
Smooth Channel

An experimental and numerical investigation of the pressure loss and the heat transfer in the bend region of a smooth two-pass cooling channel with a 180°-turn has been performed. The channels have a rectangular cross-section with a high aspect ratio of H/W = 4. The heat transfer has been measured using the transient liquid crystal method. For the investigations the Reynolds-number as well as the distance between the tip and the divider wall (tip distance) are varied. While the Reynolds number varies from 50’000 to 200’000 and its influence on the normalized pressure loss and heat transfer is found to be small, the variations of the tip distance from 0.5 up to 3.65 W produce quite different flow structures in the bend. The pressure loss over the bend thus shows a strong dependency on these variations.

The shape of a Möbius band

1993 ◽  
Vol 440 (1908) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Asymptotic Solution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Elastic Rods ◽  
Large Deflections ◽  
Mechanical Equilibrium ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Flexible Material ◽  
Möbius Band

The shape of a Möbius band made of a flexible material, such as paper, is determined. The band is represented as a bent, twisted elastic rod with a rectangular cross-section. Its mechanical equilibrium is governed by the Kirchhoff–Love equations for the large deflections of elastic rods. These are solved numerically for various values of the aspect ratio of the cross-section, and an asymptotic solution is found for large values of this ratio. The resulting shape is shown to agree well with that of a band made from a strip of plastic.

A Numerical Study of Dean Instability in Non-Newtonian Fluids

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fellouah ◽  
C. Castelain ◽  
A. Ould El Moctar ◽  
H. Peerhossaini
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Dean Number ◽  
Bingham Number ◽  
Curved Channels ◽  
Power Law Index

We present a numerical study of Dean instability for non-Newtonian fluids in a laminar 180deg curved-channel flow of rectangular cross section. A methodology based on the Papanastasiou model (Papanastasiou, T. C., 1987, J. Rheol., 31(5), pp. 385–404) was developed to take into account the Bingham-type rheological behavior. After validation of the numerical methodology, simulations were carried out (using FLUENT CFD code) for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in curved channels of square or rectangular cross section and for a large aspect and curvature ratios. A criterion based on the axial velocity gradient was defined to detect the instability threshold. This criterion was used to optimize the grid geometry. The effects of curvature and aspect ratio on the Dean instability are studied for all fluids, Newtonian and non-Newtonian. In particular, we show that the critical value of the Dean number decreases with increasing curvature ratio. The variation of the critical Dean number with aspect ratio is less regular. The results are compared to those for Newtonian fluids to emphasize the effect of the power-law index and the Bingham number. The onset of Dean instability is delayed with increasing power-law index. The same delay is observed in Bingham fluids when the Bingham number is increased.

Mean Flow Downstream of Two-Dimensional Roughness Elements

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Logan ◽  
P. Phataraphruk
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Roughness Element ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hot Wire ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Roughness Elements ◽  
Three Stages

The response of a fully developed pipe flow to wall mounted roughness elements of rectangular cross section was investigated experimentally using a probe with a single hot-wire. Four heights of rectangular, ring-type elements were installed rigidly in a 63.5-mm diameter, smooth-walled, circular pipe in which air was flowing at a Reynolds number of 50,000. After passing over the roughness element, the flow recovery occurred in three stages. The three flow regions are delineated, and the velocity profiles for each are correlated.

scholarly journals 1-D Modelling and 3-D Simulation of Confined Bubble Formation and Pressure Fluctuations During Flow Boiling in a Microchannel With a Rectangular Cross-Section of High Aspect Ratio

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gedupudi ◽  
Y. Q. Zu ◽  
T. G. Karayiannis ◽  
D. B. R. Kenning ◽  
Y. Y. Yan
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Computing Time ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
D Model

A simple 1-D model with low requirements for computing time is required to investigate parametric influences on the potentially adverse effects of pressure fluctuations driven by confined vapour bubble growth in microchannel evaporative cooling systems operating at high heat fluxes. A model is developed in this paper for the particular conditions of a channel of rectangular cross-section with high aspect ratio with a constant inlet flow rate (zero upstream compressibility). (The model will later be extended to the conditions of finite upstream compressibility that lead to transient flow reversal). Some parametric trends predicted by the model are presented. The simplifying assumptions in the model are examined in the light of a 3-D simulation by a commercial CFD code, described in an accompanying paper by the same authors. The predictions of pressure changes are in reasonable agreement. It is suggested that the 1-D model will be a useful design tool.

scholarly journals On an approximate solution for the bending of a beam of rectangular cross-section under any system of load, with special reference to points of concentrated or discontinuous loading

1902 ◽  
Vol 70 (459-466) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Elastic Equilibrium ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Applied Stresses

The paper investigates the elastic equilibrium of a long bar of rectangular cross-section in those cases where the problem may be treated as one of two dimensions, namely:— ( a .) When the strain being in the plane of xy , the elastic solid extends indefinitely in the direction of the applied stresses over the bounding planes y = ± b , x = ± a being the same for any two sections parallel to the plane of xy . We then have a strictly two-dimensional strain.

In-Plane Vibrations of Thick Circular Rings With T or I Cross Sections

1979 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-472
Author(s):  
H. Lecoanet ◽  
J. Piranda
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Circular Rings ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper deals with the problem of eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors for rings whose cross section may be decomposed in basic rectangular cross sections. The solution is derived from a solution of the in-plane eigenvalue problem for rectangular cross-section thick rings. A good agreement between theoretical results and experimental data is obtained.

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