Closed Loop Thermochemical Energy Transport Based on CO2 Reforming of Methane: Balancing the Reaction Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Fish ◽  
D. C. Hawn
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Co2 Reforming ◽  
System Pressure

The objective of the Closed Loop Efficiency Analysis (CLEA) Project at Sandia National Laboratories is to develop the data base, the calculational tools, and the operational experience necessary for the design of cost-effective energy transport systems based on reversible chemical reactions. The primary application of interest is the transport of solar energy either from the collectors of a distributed system to a central site or from a solar energy plant of any type located in an area of high solar insolation to a population or industrial center a few to several hundred kilometers away. A series of experiments and analysis have been carried out to explore the effect of catalyst selection, starting composition, reactor temperatures, system pressure, and water recycle on the operation and the efficiency of an energy transport system based on the reversible carbon dioxide reforming of methane. Both the experiments in the CLEA laboratory facility and the analyses indicate that the carbon dioxide/methane thermochemical energy transport system can be operated in a stable, closed-loop mode and that the system can be started up and shut down, as it must be daily in a solar application, without triggering either catastrophic instabilities or carbon deposition. Based on the success of the CLEA project, two new hardware projects have been initiated to address scale-up and direct solar interfacing.

Catalysts derived from earth-abundant natural biomass enable efficient photocatalytic CO2 conversion for achieving a closed-loop carbon cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Su Huang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Bing-Jie Ni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Co2 Conversion ◽  
Earth Abundant ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Photocatalytic Co2 Conversion ◽  
Energy Shortage

Photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion is a promising technology to address the greenhouse effect and energy shortage problems by utilizing the inexhausted solar energy. However, the over-reliance of the metal-based...

Energy Transport With an Integrated Direct Solar Reactor

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rozenman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Methane Reforming ◽  
Solar Reactor ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Technological Barriers ◽  
Novel Design

A novel design concept is presented of a high-temperature solar central receiver in which solar energy is directly absorbed by fluids flowing in tubes and undergoing a chemical reaction. The utilization of this concept in a design of a solar Methane-Reforming reactor is discussed, especially as it applies to chemical energy transport systems. An analysis of heat balance and energy efficiency of both Steam-Methane and CO2-Methane reforming presents the technological barriers and potential in applying these systems for the transport of solar energy.

scholarly journals Developing Eco-Friendly and Cost-Effective Porous Adsorbent for Carbon Dioxide Capture

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Mahboubeh Nabavinia ◽  
Baishali Kanjilal ◽  
Noahiro Fujinuma ◽  
Amos Mugweru ◽  
Iman Noshadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Doped Polymers ◽  
Metal Doped

To address the issue of global warming and climate change issues, recent research efforts have highlighted opportunities for capturing and electrochemically converting carbon dioxide (CO2). Despite metal doped polymers receiving widespread attention in this respect, the structures hitherto reported lack in ease of synthesis with scale up feasibility. In this study, a series of mesoporous metal-doped polymers (MRFs) with tunable metal functionality and hierarchical porosity were successfully synthesized using a one-step copolymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde with Polyethyleneimine (PEI) under solvothermal conditions. The effect of PEI and metal doping concentrations were observed on physical properties and adsorption results. The results confirmed the role of PEI on the mesoporosity of the polymer networks and high surface area in addition to enhanced CO2 capture capacity. The resulting Cobalt doped material shows excellent thermal stability and promising CO2 capture performance, with equilibrium adsorption of 2.3 mmol CO2/g at 0 °C and 1 bar for at a surface area 675.62 m2/g. This mesoporous polymer, with its ease of synthesis is a promising candidate for promising for CO2 capture and possible subsequent electrochemical conversion.

scholarly journals A Cofacial Metal-Organic Framework Based Photocathode for Carbon Dioxide Reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Ding ◽  
Bun Chan ◽  
Nicholas Proschogo ◽  
Marcello Solomon ◽  
Cameron Kepert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Reduction ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Organic Framework

Innovative and robust photosensitisation materials play a cardinal role in advancing the combined effort towards efficient solar energy harvesting. Here, we demonstrate the photocathode functionality of a Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)...

Heave Induced Internal Flow Fluctuations in Vertical Transport Systems for Deep Ocean Mining

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan D. A. Hannot ◽  
Jort M. van Wijk
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Vertical Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Ocean Mining

Deep ocean mining systems will have to operate often in harsh weather conditions with heavy sea states. A typical mining system consists of a Mining Support Vessel (MSV) with a Vertical Transport System (VTS) attached to it. The transport system is a pump pipeline system using centrifugal pumps. The heave motions of the ship are transferred to the pump system due to the riser-ship coupling. Ship motions thus will have a significant influence on the internal flow in the VTS. In this paper, the influence of heave motions on the internal flow in the VTS for a typical mining system for Seafloor Massive Sulfide (SMS) deposits in Papua New Guinea is analyzed. Data on the wave climate in the PNG region is used to compute the ship motions of a coupled MSV-VTS. The ship motions then are translated into forces acting on the internal flow in order to compute fluctuations in the internal flow. In this way, the workability of the mining system with respect to the system’s production can be assessed. Based on a detailed analysis of the internal flow in relation to ship motions, the relevance of a coupled analysis for the design of VTS is made clear. This paper provides a method for performing such analyses.

scholarly journals Trk2 Potassium Transport System in Streptococcus mutans and Its Role in Potassium Homeostasis, Biofilm Formation, and Stress Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (7) ◽  
pp. 1087-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gursonika Binepal ◽  
Kamal Gill ◽  
Paula Crowley ◽  
Martha Cordova ◽  
L. Jeannine Brady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Dental Biofilm

ABSTRACTPotassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the fluids of dental biofilm. The biochemical and biophysical functions of K+and a variety of K+transport systems have been studied for most pathogenic bacteria but not for oral pathogens. In this study, we establish the modes of K+acquisition inStreptococcus mutansand the importance of K+homeostasis for its virulence attributes. TheS. mutansgenome harbors four putative K+transport systems that included two Trk-like transporters (designated Trk1 and Trk2), one glutamate/K+cotransporter (GlnQHMP), and a channel-like K+transport system (Kch). Mutants lacking Trk2 had significantly impaired growth, acidogenicity, aciduricity, and biofilm formation. [K+] less than 5 mM eliminated biofilm formation inS. mutans. The functionality of the Trk2 system was confirmed by complementing anEscherichia coliTK2420 mutant strain, which resulted in significant K+accumulation, improved growth, and survival under stress. Taken together, these results suggest that Trk2 is the main facet of the K+-dependent cellular response ofS. mutansto environment stresses.IMPORTANCEBiofilm formation and stress tolerance are important virulence properties of caries-causingStreptococcus mutans. To limit these properties of this bacterium, it is imperative to understand its survival mechanisms. Potassium is the most abundant cation in dental plaque, the natural environment ofS. mutans. K+is known to function in stress tolerance, and bacteria have specialized mechanisms for its uptake. However, there are no reports to identify or characterize specific K+transporters inS. mutans. We identified the most important system for K+homeostasis and its role in the biofilm formation, stress tolerance, and growth. We also show the requirement of environmental K+for the activity of biofilm-forming enzymes, which explains why such high levels of K+would favor biofilm formation.

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