Low-Concentration CPC’s for Low-Temperature Solar Energy Applications

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Acceptance Angle ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Material Requirements ◽  
Temperature Applications

We consider the feasibility of low-concentration CPC’s for low-temperature applications. A quantitative assessment of optical gains versus thermal losses, and of savings in reflector area, leads to the conclusion that low-concentration CPC’s of relatively small acceptance angle may be competitive with, or superior to, flat plates. Calculations of yearly collected energy and material requirements are presented, and comparisons are made with corresponding flat plate collectors.

Comparison of Transient Models for Flat-Plates and Trough Concentrators

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
System Configuration ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Transient Models ◽  
The Impact

In the field of solar energy, collector models have been employed to study the effects of system configuration, pump control strategies, fluctuating insolation, collector design, etc. [1–4]. In many studies the investigators feel it is necessary to have a transient collector model if meaningful results are to be obtained. The amount of detail included in the transient models varies from study to study, however. The intent of this paper is to demonstrate the impact of several of the simplifying assumptions commonly employed in transient collector models. To accomplish this, simulated flat-plate and trough concentrator responses based on four types of models are compared.

Nonimaging Solar Energy Concentrators (CPC’s) With Fully Illuminated Flat Receivers: A Viable Alternative to Flat-Plate Collectors

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Ray Tracing ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Geometric Characteristics ◽  
Energy Delivery

Low-concentration, stationary, nonimaging concentrators (CPC’s) with flat receivers illuminated on both sides are considered as viable alternatives to flat-plate solar collectors. Closed-form, analytic formulae are derived for the geometric characteristics of two concentrator types of greatest interest (i.e., stationary collectors for year-round energy delivery), which enable calculations of collectible energy without computer ray-tracing stimulations. The relative merits of these concentrators in terms of energy collection and production costs are assessed with respect to each other as well as to flat-plate collectors.

Low Temperature Synthesis Method of La2O2S2 and Evaluation of the Photocatalytic Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Ohashi ◽  
Tadashi Ishigaki ◽  
Kazuyoshi Uematsu ◽  
Kenji Toda ◽  
Mineo Sato
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Water Splitting ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Low Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Energy Applications

Photocatalysts for overall water splitting have great potential in solar energy applications. A variety of photocatalysts have shown activity for water splitting. In particular, oxysulfides are the great interest because of their ability to generate H2 and O2 from water under visible light. However, they are generally synthesized under H2S flow, which is an extremely harmful gas for humans. In this study, La2O2S2 was synthesized at low temperature without H2S gas, and its photocatalytic activity was confirmed by hydrogen generation experiments.

Cost Effective Synthesis and Fabrication of Phase-Pure Kesterite Cu2-xZn1.3SnS4 P-type Absorber Layer Thin Films by Solvent Based Process Technique for Photovoltaic Solar Energy Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
B. Khadambari ◽  
S. S. Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Window Layer ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Process Technique ◽  
Absorber Material ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
P Type

Solar has become one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources. With the push towards sustainability it is an excellent solution to resolve the issue of our diminishing finite resources. Alternative photovoltaic systems are of much importance to utilize solar energy efficiently. The Cu-chalcopyrite compounds CuInS2 and CuInSe2 and their alloys provide absorber material of high absorption coefficients of the order of 105 cm-1. Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is more promising material for photovoltaic applications as Zn and Sn are abundant materials of earth’s crust. Further, the preparation of CZTS-ink facilitates the production of flexible solar cells. The device can be designed with Al doped ZnO as the front contact, n-type window layer (e.g. intrinsic ZnO); an n-type thin film buffer layer (e.g. CdS) and a p-type CZTS absorber layer with Molybdenum (Mo) substrate as back contact. In this study, CZTS films were synthesized by a non-vaccum solvent based process technique from a molecular-ink using a non toxic eco-friendly solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The deposited CZTS films were optimized and characterized by XRD, UV-visible spectroscopy and SEM.

scholarly journals Conventional and Electromagnetic-induction Sintering of High Entropy Alloys for Low-temperature Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2916-2917
Author(s):  
Luis Laguna Zubia ◽  
C.G. Garay-Reyes ◽  
M.A. Ruiz-Esparza-Rodriguez ◽  
J.M. Mendoza-Duarte ◽  
Ivanovich Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
High Entropy Alloys ◽  
High Entropy ◽  
Temperature Applications

scholarly journals FODMAP Fingerprinting of Bakery Products and Sourdoughs: Quantitative Assessment and Content Reduction through Fermentation

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Johannes Pitsch ◽  
Georg Sandner ◽  
Jakob Huemer ◽  
Maximilian Huemer ◽  
Stefan Huemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Fermentation Temperature ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) are associated with digestive disorders and with diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. In this study, we determined the FODMAP contents of bread, bakery products, and flour and assessed the effectiveness of sourdough fermentation for FODMAP reduction. The fermentation products were analyzed to determine the DP 2–7 and DP >7 fructooligosaccharide (FOS) content of rye and wheat sourdoughs. FOSs were reduced by Acetobacter cerevisiae, Acetobacter okinawensis, Fructilactobacillus sanfranciscensis, and Leuconostoc citreum to levels below those in rye (−81%; −97%) and wheat (−90%; −76%) flours. The fermentation temperature influenced the sourdough acetic acid to lactic acid ratios (4:1 at 4 °C; 1:1 at 10 °C). The rye sourdough contained high levels of beneficial arabinose (28.92 g/kg) and mannitol (20.82 g/kg). Our study contributes in-depth knowledge of low-temperature sourdough fermentation in terms of effective FODMAP reduction and concurrent production of desirable fermentation byproducts.

scholarly journals Use of biodegradable colloids and carbon black nanofluids for solar energy applications

AIP Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 055214
Author(s):  
A. Kosinska ◽  
B. V. Balakin ◽  
P. Kosinski
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Energy Applications
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