Internal Force and Moment Transmission in a Cardan Joint With Manufacturing Tolerances

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Fischer ◽  
F. Freudenstein
Keyword(s):  
Internal Force ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Displacement Analysis ◽  
Joint Forces ◽  
Torque Transmission ◽  
Torque Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Cardan Joint

The literature on the internal forces in Cardan joints, which is sparse, tacitly assumes the vanishing of certain force components. For a joint of ideal proportions the torque transmission has been analyzed, but the force transmission has been only partially developed. In this investigation the displacement analysis and static force and torque analysis of a Cardan joint with manufacturing tolerances has been derived. The forces have been shown to be statically indeterminate by a degree of three. An experiment was undertaken to check on the validity of the assumed vanishing of the abovementioned force components. For the particular joint tests this assumption was not valid. Based on the displacement analysis, which includes the axial sliding at the joints in the presence of manufacturing errors, optimum tolerances can be determined in the design stage. Further experimentation is recommended in order to determine representative magnitudes of the abovementioned axial joint forces in joints of varying constructions and sizes. Together with the static analysis which has been developed in this investigation this will permit the sizing of universal joints in the design stage.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Shear Performance of Shallow Hinge Joints for Prefabricated Hollow Slab Bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanbin Yi ◽  
Chuanxi Li ◽  
Li Dai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Hinge Joint ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Joint Fracture

To investigate whether shallow hinge joint fracture was caused by shear stress or flexural stress, during the demolition and reconstruction of Xiaojiang River bridge, two original girders were collected and shipped to the lab, and the shallow hinge joint between the two girders was rebuilt. Tests were performed to investigate the cracking load, failure mode, and force transmission performance of the hollow slab girder and shallow hinge joint under vehicle load. The test result shows that under eccentric load, when the load increases to 365 kN, the midspan bottom slab of the testing girder starts to fracture; as the load increases to 560 kN, the roof slab of the testing girder starts to fracture; the hinge joint has a maximum horizontal opening of 0.153 mm and vertical relative displacement of 0.201 mm; during the entire test loading process, the shallow hinge joint structure does not develop fracture and shear failure; and the shallow hinge structure demonstrates excellent shear stress transmission performance. In addition, based on hinge slab theory, the hinge joint internal force under vehicle load was calculated. Based on ACI 318-05 specification, CAN/CSA-S6-00, and JTG D61-2005, the hinge joint shear bearing capacity was calculated. Hinge joint stress resistances calculated from the three specifications all exceed the internal force. Among them, the calculation results from ACI 318-05 and CAN/CSA-S6-00 are similar, while the result from JTG D61-2005 specification significantly exceeds the internal force, which is mainly because the designed concrete direct shear strength fvd in the Chinese specification does not consider factors such as bonding surface coarseness, concrete pouring sequence, and material properties. Theoretical calculations and tests show that the actual failure mode of the shallow hinge joint in prefabricated hollow slab girder bridges is not caused by shear stress.

Compliant Cardan Universal Joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Tanık ◽  
Volkan Parlaktaş
Keyword(s):  
Universal Joint ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Torque Transmission ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Transmission Capability ◽  
Flexural Hinges ◽  
Planar Materials ◽  
Cardan Joint

In this study, a compliant version of the Cardan universal joint is introduced. The original design consists of two identical parts assembled at right angle with respect to each other. The single piece part can be produced from planar materials; thus, it has the advantage of easiness in manufacturing. Dimensions of the mechanism are devised in order to satisfy the Cardan joint theory and to avoid an undesired contact between the identical parts. As a design example, a mechanism is dimensioned. The resultant stresses at flexural hinges of this sample are determined via finite element analysis method and torque transmission capability of this mechanism is determined. Further, this sample is manufactured and operated under a considerable output loading. Therefore, robustness of the compliant Cardan joint is verified with this prototype. As well, it is verified that the results of experiments are consistent with the theoretical approaches.

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel 3-DOF Energy Harvester With Single Piezoelectric Stack

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehao Wu ◽  
Qingsong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Input Force ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Transmitted Force ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Three Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Performance Results

Abstract This paper presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a novel single stack-based piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) for harvesting energy from three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) force excitation. One uniqueness lies in that the 3-DOF energy harvesting is implemented by using one piezoelectric stack. To scavenge energy from the 3-DOF input force, the proposed PEH is constructed with several force transmission mechanisms and slider mechanisms. The direction of the input force is first changed by the force transmission mechanisms, and the redundant force components are eliminated by the slider mechanisms. The transmitted force is then amplified by a two-stage force amplifier mechanism to improve the electric power output. The key parameters were found by establishing an analytical model of the proposed PEH. The best output performance of the PEH is achieved by selecting and optimally designing the key parameters. A prototype harvester was fabricated, and several experimental studies were conducted to verify the device performance. Results show the effectiveness of the developed 3-DOF PEH under the input force applied in x-axis, y-axis or z-axis. Furthermore, the issues that affect the practical application are discussed.

Numerical Co-Simulation of Drag Torque in the Gearbox Combined Multibody Dynamics With Moving Particle Semi-Implicit Method

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifu Zhang ◽  
Guangqiang Wu ◽  
Lijuan Ju
Keyword(s):  
Power Loss ◽  
Friction Pair ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Implicit Method ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Technical Measure ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Moving Particle

Abstract In the gearbox, lubrication is an important technical measure to improve the friction state of the friction pair and ensure the smooth operation of the mechanical system, and it also plays an important role in cooling, sealing, rust prevention, shock absorption and force transmission. Common lubrication methods in automobile gearbox include dip lubrication, splash lubrication and forced lubrication, but dip and splash lubrication often result in oil churning power loss of the gearbox, and predicting this loss at design stage can help designers to modify the design and improve efficiency. In this paper, the moving particle semi-implicit method is applied to analyze the churning loss of a single helical gear in the transmission system, and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified by experimental data. This research can provide an effective new approach to study the oil churning power loss of gear in transmission.

Comparison of Effects of Dimensional Manufacturing Tolerances and Journal Out-of-Roundness on Stability of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing System

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 1966-1971
Author(s):  
Wu Bin Xu ◽  
De Jian Zhou ◽  
Peter Ogrodnik ◽  
Mike Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Journal Bearings ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Manufacturing Tolerances ◽  
Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing ◽  
Bearing System

The manufacturing tolerances of a hydrodynamic journal bearing system are inevitable in manufacturing process. To examine and understand the effect of manufacturing tolerances on the system stability can help engineers to confidently choose reasonable tolerances at design stage. This study presented a theoretical analysis method to determine and compare the effects of dimensional manufacturing tolerances and journal out-of-roundness on system stability by Taguchi method. The results show that the journal out-of-roundness has the most significant effect on the system stability and the journal out-of-roundness appears to stabilize the system. The authors suggest that both dimensional manufacturing tolerances and journal roundness should be taken into account in the design of cylindrical journal bearings.

The RCRRC Five-Link Space Mechanism—Displacement Analysis, Force and Torque Analysis and Its Transmission Criteria

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Ping Jack Lee ◽  
Cemil Bagci
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Eighth Order ◽  
Joint Force ◽  
Output Displacement ◽  
Displacement Equation ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Torque Analysis ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Inertia Forces

Displacement, and force and torque analyses of the RCRRC five-link space mechanism are performed using 3 × 3 screw matrix and dual vectors. Expressions for all the displacements in the mechanism are given. Input-output displacement equation is obtained in both eighth order and 16th order polynomials in half-tangents of the angular displacement. The solution of the 16th order displacement equation shows that the RCRRC mechanism may have 16 geometric inversions for a set of dimensions. The eighth order displacement equation, which conforms with that obtained by the Unified Theory which uses dual spherical trigonometry, is an incomplete relationship and it only gives the displacements of half of the existing geometric inversions. Numerical examples and photographs of the geometric inversions are given. The force and torque analysis of the RCRRC five-link space mechanism is performed by joint force analysis. Dual inertia forces are neglected, and the motion of the mechanism is known. Explicit expressions for the dual force components at the pair locations are given, as well as the matrix solution. Transmissivities of the mechanism are defined. Force and torque analysis of one of the geometric inversions is performed in a numerical example.

scholarly journals A Form Finding Method for Arch Bridges Using Parametric Level Set Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Shen ◽  
Jianhu Feng ◽  
Xiaohan Cheng ◽  
Xuntao Wang ◽  
Changhao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Level Set Method ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Form Finding ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Arch Bridges ◽  
Parametric Level Set Method

Topology optimization has developed rapidly in the past three decades; as a creative and efficient optimization technique, it has been applied in engineering fields of aerospace and mechanical. However, there are a few attempts in bridge form design. In this paper, the parametric level set method is utilized to solve the form finding of arch bridges. The optimization model for minimizing the structural compliance under the volume constraint is built. Three numerical examples of form finding of arch bridges are studied. Results show that the optimal structures which have well-distributed stress and smooth force transmission are almost identical with the actual forms of arch bridges. The optimal forms can be treated as alternatives in the preliminary design stage, and topology optimization has a bright prospect in form finding of arch bridges.

scholarly journals Seismic Performance of Precast Concrete Columns with Improved U-type Reinforcement Ferrule Connections

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwu Yu ◽  
Xiaoyong Lv ◽  
Yujie Yu ◽  
Faxing Ding ◽  
Xiaodan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Load Ratio ◽  
Internal Force ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Plastic Energy ◽  
Lateral Resistance ◽  
Stress Transmission ◽  
Working Parameters

Abstract This paper proposes a new kind of U-type reinforcement ferrule (URF) connection for the assembly of precast concrete (PC) components, which has a good fault-tolerance ability and low cost of construction with a simple post-grouting process. The modified connection features welded U ferrules, which can increase the bonding mechanism and internal stress transmission in the spliced region. A series of quasi-static cyclic tests were performed on URF-connected PC columns with different welding patterns. Comprehensive comparisons were performed on the load-bearing capacity, the plastic energy dissipation ability, the internal force transmission, the column ductility and the stiffness. The results indicated that PC columns with welded URF connections can ensure better lateral resistance than the cast-in-place concrete column. The weld type and length influence the connection performance, and the 15d-welded and full-length welded URF connections presented better connection performance and were suggested for the assembly of PC columns. Then, finite element analyses were performed to further reveal the working and failure mechanisms and the affecting mechanism of some working parameters. Parametric simulations indicated that the increase in the axial load ratio and the concrete strength in the postcast region had a slight but limited effect on improving the lateral resistance of the column connection.

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