On the Weathering of Thin Plastic Films

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Cheng ◽  
R. B. Bannerot
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Mechanical Effects ◽  
Thin Plastic

A program is described for the controlled degradation and evaluation of thin plastic film samples in a set of parallel (in time) exposures. The intent of the various exposures is to separate the effects of identifiable degradation mechanisms associated with each material’s use as a solar collector cover. The mechanisms considered were those due to: (i) environment less solar irradiation (chemical, abrasion, humidity, etc.); (ii) environment including solar irradiation; (iii) thermal effects and (iv) mechanical effects. The procedures described in the program are illustrated by presenting the details for the evaluation of two commonly used plastic films.

Thermal Effects on Ultrasonic Joining of Thin Plastic Films Using Torsional Vibrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 6431-6436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunari Adachi ◽  
Tsuyoshi Takahashi ◽  
Kenichi Kamehashi ◽  
Kazumi Watanabe ◽  
Kenta Uchiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Torsional Vibrations ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Thin Plastic

Improvement of Wound Roll Defects and the Effect of Film Properties

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishida ◽  
Yuta Sunami
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Thin Plastic

Abstract In recent years, the research and development of devices using thin and flexible plastic films as substrates has been actively conducted. However, thin films, which have been growing in demand in recent years, have problems when rolled. Therefore, in this study, the physical properties were measured using a thin plastic film, the stress analysis was performed using the plastic film, and the internal stress of the roll was actually measured to evaluate the effect of thinning. As a result, it was found that the analyzed stress of the winding roll using the thin film was much lower than the measured value.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet Transparency of Plastic Films Determines the Quality of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Grown in a Greenhouse

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Deissy Giovanna Quintero-Arias ◽  
John Fabio Acuña-Caita ◽  
Carlos Asensio ◽  
Juan Luis Valenzuela
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
High Solar Radiation ◽  
Cycle Growth

The quality of red lettuce is based on the content of anthocyanin pigments, and the content of these pigments increases when the plant receives ultraviolet radiation. Lettuce crops are increasingly being grown in greenhouses to provide better quality fresh lettuce; however, both quality and productivity are affected by the type of cover used. The effects of UV-transparent and UV-blocking plastic films on the growth and quality of three lettuce cultivars (‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’, which are both green leaf, and ‘Lollo Rosso’, which is red leaf) were investigated. The crop was cultivated at an altitude of 2576 m a.s.l. to naturally expose it to high ultraviolet radiation. The height and diameter of plants, fresh and dry weight, leaf area index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf colour were determined throughout the crop cycle. Growth characteristics were not significantly influenced by the plastic film in all cultivars, probably due to the high altitude and the high solar radiation received. The UV-transparent film could increase the red colour in ‘Lollo Rosso’, and a higher commercial quality was achieved. No effect of the plastic film on the yield component was observed in the ‘Casabella’ and ‘Vera’ cultivars. The findings of this study provide guidance on what cultivar and plastic film must be used in high-altitude areas where the solar and UV radiation is high.

scholarly journals Sea Water Contamination in the Vicinity of the Italian Minor Islands Caused by Microplastic Pollution

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe de Lucia ◽  
Alvise Vianello ◽  
Andrea Camedda ◽  
Danilo Vani ◽  
Paolo Tomassetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Contamination ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Thin Plastic ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
River Mouths

The abundance and distribution of microplastics (MP) were evaluated in six “clean” sites (Italian minor islands) and in two “polluted” areas (near the mouth of two major Italian rivers). Samples of MP, plankton and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were collected using a manta trawl (MA) and a plankton net (WP2), both lined with a 333 µm mesh net. MP have been confirmed to be ubiquitous since they were found at each site, showing an average density of 0.3 ± 0.04 items/m3 (values ranged from 0.641 to 0.119 ). When comparing the clean sites with the polluted ones, a significantly higher value of MP was found near the river mouths. The most common types of MP were synthetic filaments (50.24%), followed by fragments (30.39%), thin plastic films (16.98%) and spheres (2.39%). Infrared spectroscopy analysis highlighted that the most abundant polymers were polyethylene (PE-26%), polypropylene (PP-11%), polyethylene-terephthalate/polyester (PET/PEST-8%) and ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA-5%). Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides were detected in all the samples with a high variability among sites and depths. This study adds to the existing information on the distribution of contaminants across the Mediterranean Sea, and is useful to policy makers who wish to implement effective measures to reduce MP pollution.

scholarly journals Application of Waste Plastic Films in Road Infrastructure and Construction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwon Ki ◽  
Shin Young Kang ◽  
Gyeonghoon Ma ◽  
Han Jin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Plastic Films

Recycling waste synthetic resins, including rigid and film plastics, is a pressing issue worldwide due to the issues associated with waste treatment. Using products originating only from plastic wastes could be a promising way to improve the waste recycling rate and address plastic consumption. This study presents the applications of waste plastic films (WPFs) in urban infrastructure and construction materials, especially bearing loads. WPF-recycled products (WPF-RPs) were evaluated for mechanical properties, including strength (compressive and tensile), thermal expansion coefficient, accelerated weathering, dynamic stability, and environmental aspects, such as the presence of hazardous substances. Subsequent tests confirmed moderate strength, good weathering stability against solar irradiation, and superior road pavement vehicle load through wheel-tracking tests compared with the standards for asphalt. Additionally, hazardous substances were mostly not detected or were under permissible limits in the composition and leachate contents of WPF-RPs. After using temporary pavement blocks (TPBs) from WPFs at a field site for one month, we conducted slip resistance tests which gave a result of ~33 British pendulum number, indicating the possible application of WPF-RPs in low-speed driving sections, according to the Korean standards of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. Moreover, it was confirmed that fastening structures installed between the TPBs can improve backfilling and compaction defects. This practical research highlights the possible applications of products produced from WPFs for infrastructure development, such as filling materials for burial pipes or tubes; however, these potential aspects should be tested further.

scholarly journals Effects of Tensile Stress and Soil Burial on Mechanical and Chemical Degradation Potential of Agricultural Plastic Films

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Han ◽  
Min Wei ◽  
Xiaoyan Shi ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Xulong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Plastic Film ◽  
Biodegradable Film ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Soil Burial

Plastic film mulching is widely practiced in arid and semiarid farming systems, but the accumulation of plastic residues in soils can negatively affect soil properties. Therefore, efficient means of plastic film degradation are urgently needed to mitigate its unfriendly environmental impacts for sustainable land use. Here, we characterized the effects of tensile stress (TS) and soil burial (SB) on potential degradation properties of three film types: Polyethylene film (PEF), oxo-biodegradable film (OBDF), and biodegradable film (BDF). Weight loss, mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, functional groups, and crystallinity were recorded after TS and SB treatments. The results indicated that: (1) Weight loss of plastic films was associated with SB, although the extent of weight loss depended on film type and was highest in BDF, (2) application of TS before SB weakened the mechanical properties of the films and increased their hydrophilicity, creating favorable conditions for the settlement of microorganisms on the film surface, (3) PEF treated with TS and SB had higher functional group indices and lower crystallinity. Our results highlighted that the combination of TS and SB has the potential to accelerate plastic film degradation.

The environmental degradation of thin plastic films

1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Whitney ◽  
Clare H. Swaffield ◽  
Andrew J. Graffham
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Plastic Films ◽  
Thin Plastic
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