scholarly journals Appropriate Sizing of Solar Heating Systems

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
P. Bendt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Economic Trends

It is generally assumed that a solar heating system should be sized by minimizing its life-cycle cost. This study shows, however, that the uncertainty in future economic trends makes the results of such a procedure questionable. The design conditions for minimum cost are extremely broad and all practical systems have a solar fraction within the limited range of 30 to 90 percent. Thus, by choosing only three collector areas that give systems within this range, one is assured of selecting a nearly optimal system for any realistic economic scenario. Selecting one of these three systems is essentially equivalent to economic optimization, but simpler. Procedures are derived in this paper for determining the sizes of the three systems. The conclusion is that the collector areas should be about 1/8, 1/5, and 1/3 of the building floor area. This rule of thumb eliminates the need to design solar systems individually, allowing the possiblity of mass-produced homes with standardized solar heating systems.

Inexpensive Performance Monitoring of Solar Domestic Water Heating Systems

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Clausing
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
The Cost

Performance monitoring is essential in order to conclusively demonstrate the cost effectiveness of a solar heating system. Unfortunately, this “last step” is an aspect which has received little engineering consideration. The monitoring programs in progress typically use instrumentation which is much too expensive and complex for use by individual operators of domestic water heating systems. Hence, few systems are monitored, and the average owner knows little about the performance characteristics of his system. Even malfunctions go undetected. An inexpensive performance monitoring system is described in this paper. It could probably be mass-produced for under 15 dollars or built by the typical homeowner for under 30 dollars. The monitor indicates the instantaneous solar fraction. Overall system performance can be improved with this monitor, since it enables the user to correlate load with the availability of solar heated water. Methodology, performance parameters, and some performance data are presented.

Design of Solar Tracker Based on Square Structure and Camera Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Ying Wei Song ◽  
De Wei Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Tracker

Solar tracker is an important part of photovoltaic generation and solar heating system. By solar tracker, the efficiency of solar utility can be significantly improved. Considering the camera device is widely applied in the photovoltaic generation and solar heating systems, based on the visual motoring equipment, a kind of solar tracker is designed. Using the proposed solar tracker, the height and the angle of the sun can be detected and be applied in solar tracker controller. Experiments show this design has relatively high accurate rate during a week’s period while the weather are partly cloudy or clear. It shows good application future in photovoltaic generation and solar heating industries.

scholarly journals Dynamic Heating System of Multiphase Flow Digester by Solar-Untreated Sewage Source Heat Pump

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Pei Guo ◽  
Jiri Zhou ◽  
Rongjiang Ma ◽  
Nanyang Yu ◽  
Yanping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Heating System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Sewage Source

The traditional biogas heating system has the disadvantages of a low energy efficiency ratio and high energy consumption. In this study, a solar-untreated sewage source heat pump system (SUSSHPS) was developed for heating a 12 m3 multiphase flow digester (MFD) in Suining, China. To investigate the operating effects, two modes were defined according to the solar fractions in different regions. On the basis of experimental data, thermodynamic calculations and operating simulation analysis were performed, and the solar collector area (Ac) and the minimum length of the sewage double-pipe heat exchanger (lmin) for the two modes were calculated. The results indicated that the Ac and lmin of mode 2 were larger than those of mode 1 at different solar fractions. Additionally, the results suggested that mode 1 can be used at a solar fraction of <0.33, and mode 2 can be used at a solar fraction of >0.5. Moreover, a comprehensive evaluation of different biogas heating systems was performed. Two evaluation methods were used for modeling calculations, and the results of the two methods were consistent. The SUSSHPS had the largest comprehensive evaluation value among the four systems. The proposed SUSSHPS can play a significant role in improving current biogas heating systems and promoting the development of biogas projects.

Study on Application of Solar Heating System Integrated Latent Heat Store Heat Exchanger

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Zhen Ying Mu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air Temperature ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Heat Store

This paper introduces the design of a solar heating system integrated latent heat store heat exchanger. Aiming at studying the system solar fraction, mathematical models are established for describing solar collector, latent heat store heat exchanger, users’ heating thermal load, and the system in whole. Studies are carried out based on these models. The results show that there are some key influencing factors on solar fraction, including solar irradiance, collector area, collector inclination angle, the difference value between collector inlet fluid temperature and ambient air temperature. Among these, collector inclination angle is the most significant one. If the values between collector inlet fluid temperature and ambient air temperature have big difference, it’ll cause adverse effects. As long as the operation requirements are met, lower collector inlet fluid temperature and suitable ambient air temperature are reasonable conditions for application. The research results provide guide for the system application in engineering.

Life Cycle Cost for a Solar Heating and Cooling System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Hang ◽  
Ming Qu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Absorption Cooling ◽  
Solar Absorption Cooling

Solar absorption cooling has been an intriguing research subject since 1970. However, it is not widely applied because the first cost of the system is high, the commercial hot water absorption chiller is not mature, the site demonstration and evaluation are not adequate and the price of conventional fossil energy sources is relatively low. This paper investigates the commercialization potentials of solar absorption cooling and solar heating system by comparing the life cycle cost between it and the conventional electrical chiller cooling and gas-fired boiler heating system. A computational model has been programmed in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) to analyze the economical performances of the two systems applied to a dedicated building. The model considers the cost of capital, installation, operation and maintenance, the discount rate, the fuel prices, and the inflation rates. The result of the model indicated that given the present fuel cost, the solar absorption cooling and heating system is not as economic as the conventional system especially when its size is small. However, according to the sensitivity analysis carried, the solar absorption cooling and heating system could compete with the conventional cooling and heating system when the electricity price and fuel inflation increase.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance Prediction of Indoor Swimming Pool Solar Heating System Using Different Types of Flat-Plate Solar Collectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 08-18
Author(s):  
Laith Mohammad Haddy ◽  
Abdul-Salam D. M. Hassen
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Type D ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Indoor Swimming Pool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector

The current study includes a theoretical study of the enfluence of different types of flat-plate solar collector on the solar fraction factor (ƒ) of a proposed solar heating system used for heating "alShaab Olympic Indoor Swimming Pool" located in Baghdad (Iraq) at a latitude of 33.32˚N. The swimming pool building has external dimensions of 95 m length, 51 m width, and 16.5 m height, it contains two pools, the first is for swimming with dimensions of (50 m * 21 m) with fixed depth of 1.8 m, the second is for diving with an irregular surface area of (351) m2 and with depth of 5 m. The Total thermal losses from the two pools to the pool hall and from the pool hall to the outdoor environment were calculated for four months of winter season (November, December, January and February) and a computer program was built using the MATLAB (R2008a) environment to solve the mathematical model equations in order to calculate the solar fraction facor (ƒ) of the proposed solar heating system at different solar collecting areas which are (2000,2500,3000,3500,4000,4500,5000,6000,7000,8000,9000,10000) m2 and at five different types of flat-plate solar collector which are (A: one cover black solar collector, B: one cover selective absorber solar collector, C: two cover black solar collector, D: two cover selective absorber solar collector, and E: pool absorber (PVC) solar collector). The results obtained showed that the highest values of solar fraction factor were obtained when using the solar collector type D, and the lowest values obtained when using the solar collector type E. The values of solar fraction factor (ƒ) of the proposed solar heating system, at solar collecting area of 10000m2 and at mass storage of water in the storage tank of 25 kg/m2 collecting area, for type D are 84.27 % for November, 72.74% for December, 69.4% for January, and 82.91% for February, and for type E are 56.14% for November, 41.15% for December, 37.17% for January, and 50.6% for February.

Pre-Heating Storage Design of Solar Heating System Based on SVM

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Zhi Duan Cai ◽  
Wu Ming He ◽  
Pei Liang Wang ◽  
Shou Jiang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Storage Model ◽  
Heating Model

The heating model of pre-heating storage in advance during the valley period of electricity is proposed to solve the intermittent heating problem brought by large solar heating systems affected by change in climate and day and night or other factors. Aiming at best energy saving and the capability of continues heating of solar heating system, the SVM is applied to predict the start time, the highest temperature, the volume of water and other key parameters of the model. The solar heating system apply the pre-heating storage control model that has been trained to meet the practical requirements of different consumers and climate in the application process. Experimental results show that the pre-heating storage model can improve the energy efficiency of large solar heating system and the capacity of real-time continuous heating. The article provides a new control model with large-scale solar heating system.

scholarly journals Mass flow rate optimization in solar heating systems based on a flat-plate solar collector: A case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 061-071
Author(s):  
Samer Yassin Alsadi ◽  
Tareq Foqha
Keyword(s):  
Flat Plate ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Solar Systems

Little works considered the optimization of working fluids in solar systems. Engineers, designers and scientists are interested with the optimization problems, furthermore it is very important specially, for solar systems to improve the energetic behavior and increase their efficiencies as a conversion system of solar irradiance to a useful thermal power. According to the available literature, the criteria of optimization mainly relates to energetic and economic analysis (one of them or both). The analysis was based upon the maximum useful energy obtained from solar collector. Accordingly, the optimum mass flow rate was found aspires to infinity. The second analysis is based upon minimum cost of the unit of useful energy [$/W]. The optimum mass flow rate of solar air-heating flat-plate collector for the considered domestic solar heating system has been found 29 kg/h per square meters of solar collectors. This paper deals with a third criteria that is, the amount of the additional energy required to achieve the required task from the solar system by means of auxiliary heating system. In where both the outlet temperature and mass flow rate play crucial role in the heat exchange between the fluid in the collector loop and the fluid in the load loop.

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