The Interrelation between Recurrent and Capital Costs in a Solar Thermal Process Heat System

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-243
Author(s):  
L. L. Lukens ◽  
W. P. Schimmel

The effect of operation and maintenance (O&M) costs on energy produced by solar collector systems is crucial to the market penetration of solar process heat as an alternative energy source. In the present paper, a particular O&M operation, regular collector cleaning, is considered in order to determine its effect upon annualized life cycle energy cost. A first-order model of mirror reflectance degradation as a function of time is constructed from experimental data taken at Albuquerque, N.M. This is used as input to a systems optimization model of a line-focus solar collector process heat installation. The energy cost variation is considered as a function of cleaning cost per unit of collector aperture and cleaning interval. Results are presented for a process heat temperature of 177°C.

Author(s):  
Shehab M. Abd Elfadeel ◽  
Hamza Amein ◽  
M. Medhat El-Bakry ◽  
Muhammed A. Hassan

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 1086-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Osório ◽  
P. Horta ◽  
M. Collares-Pereira
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Kateryna Redko ◽  
◽  
Oleksandra Furs ◽  

As demand for electricity grows significantly, the main drivers of new capacity are the disposal of older, less efficient fossil fuel units; the near-term prospect of having tax credits for renewable energy; and long-term reductions in capital costs for renewable energy, especially solar photovoltaic. Low natural gas prices and favorable renewable energy costs make natural gas and renewable energy the main sources of new generation capacity by 2050. The main purpose of the scientific article is to cover the main problems of the electricity market of Ukraine, to analyze the process of promotion of green energy, to highlight the cases when the transition to alternative sources is a profitable process, in the context of uncertainty and rising prices for traditional energy sources. The article uses a number of general scientific and specific research methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, scientific deduction and induction. The practical significance of the research is to develop recommendations for improving the state's regulatory function in the field of alternative energy. The large-scale introduction of non-traditional renewable energy in Ukraine will make a significant step in reducing the country's energy dependency, protecting the environment and creating the conditions for a country to join the European community. The scientific novelty is to study the stimulation of energy production using alternative sources, to study the creation of favorable economic conditions for the construction of alternative energy facilities, the development of a "green" economy and to ensure sustainable development of Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for further research. In Ukraine, the alternative energy sector is developing slowly, but some structural shifts are noticeable, though far from planned. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have already installed solar panels in order to reduce the cost of production and generate additional profits. Further research requires the search for tools and mechanisms in the RES incentive system, with an assessment of the economic impact of their use, using modeling and forecasting methods and models. Keywords: electricity market, energy efficiency, energy intensity of the economy, renewable energy, green tariff


Author(s):  
M. E. Beesing

This paper describes a solar energy collector system for providing process heat to a textile drying process in a WestPoint Pepperell mill in Fairfax, Alabama. The solar collector system uses 24 single axis tracking parabolic trough concentrating collectors to heat water in a high temperature water loop. The high temperature water fuels a steam generator to provide process steam. The process that was solarized is a textile drying process using cylindrical can dryers. The dryers are utilized in the slashing operation, a textile process where yarn is treated with sizing in preparation for weaving.


Author(s):  
R. Schmitt ◽  
M. Ro¨mmler ◽  
W.-D. Steinmann ◽  
R. Tamme

Increasing energy prices and shortage of fossil fuels lead to a growing interest in alternative energy sources. In combination with energy storage systems the generation of solar process heat can be provided independent from the weather leading for example to a cost efficient stabilization of power output. For this application latent heat storage units with phase change materials (PCMs) can be designed to store solar process heat within a narrow temperature interval utilizing the high storage density of the different PCMs. This is achieved using the latent heat of melting in the melting / solidification process, or the latent heat of re-crystallization in a solid / solid phase transition. However, this advantage can only be used in technical applications if the heat transfer in the PCM is sufficiently high. As most pure PCMs exhibit a low thermal conductivity (about 1 W/(m·K) or less), methods to improve heat transfer in PCMs have been under investigation for decades. The heat transfer in a PCM can be increased by addition of high conductive materials. Due to its superior properties — high thermal conductivity, good processibility, and chemical inertness — graphite has distinct advantages for this purpose. Depending on the requirements of the respective application, various routes to combine PCM and graphite are used. For example, besides the fabrication of PCM/graphite composite materials, the increase of heat exchanger surface by highly thermal conductive graphite plates is a favorable method for large scale applications, in particular. Effective thermal conductivities up to 30 W/(m·K) have been realized. This paper gives an overview of actual and potential applications of PCM/graphite heat storage systems focusing to store solar heat for high temperature applications, such as process heat generation and solar thermal power plants.


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