Notch Ductility Requirements of Line Pipes for Arresting Propagating Shear Fracture

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sugie ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
T. Akiyama ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fracture Length ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Propagating Shear ◽  
Design Stress ◽  
Very High

Full-scale burst tests were carried out on X70 line pipes, 48 in. o. d. × 0.720 in. w. t., with air and rich and natural gas as the pressurizing gases. The experimental results indicated that very high notch ductilities of pipes are required for arresting propagating shear fracture especially in the case of the rich natural gas. From theoretical investigations a method was developed which enabled the prediction of the required notch ductilities of line pipes with regard to the type of gas, design stress and acceptable fracture length.

Interactive Simulation of Gas Decompression and Crack Propagation in Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Makino ◽  
Yoshiaki Kawaguchi ◽  
Yoichiro Matsumoto ◽  
Shu Takagi ◽  
Shinobu Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Propagating Shear ◽  
Fracture Arrest ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

In this paper, the propagating shear fracture in natural gas transmission pipelines is simulated by an interactive method between gas decompression and crack propagation. A rich gas which contains heavier hydrocarbons than methane is highlighted and the relation between the crack velocity and the distance is simulated for varied condition of pipelines. The results of simulation are shown in the relation between the fracture arrest distance and the toughness of the pipes used, and the effects of the difference in gas compositions, increase of the operating pressure and the change of the initial gas temperature are discussed. The results of the simulation make it clear that the rich gas increases the risk for long running fracture, the simple increase of the operating pressure by increasing the design factor causes long crack propagation, increase of the operating pressure by using higher grade pipes not always invites long crack propagation and lower temperature increases the fracture arrest distance in relatively lower pressure but decreases the distance in relatively higher pressure. All the discussion in this study indicates that the analysis of the decompression behavior of the inner gas is essential for the interpretation of the phenomenon of the propagating shear fracture in pipelines. It is concluded that the fluid characteristics of the gas transmitted and material characteristics of the pipes used should be matched appropriately for the safety of the pipelines.

Propagating Shear Fracture in Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines

2009 ◽  
pp. 237-237-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Sugie ◽  
M Matsuoka ◽  
T Akiyama ◽  
K Tanaka ◽  
M Tsukamoto
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Propagating Shear ◽  
Transmission Pipelines

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of a Mechanical Lever System Driven by a DC Motor

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850022
Author(s):  
B. Nana ◽  
G. Fautso Kuiate ◽  
S. B. Yamgoué
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Dc Motor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Oscillatory Solutions ◽  
Lever System ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
The Rich

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on the investigation of the dynamics of a nonlinear electromechanical system made of a lever arm actuated by a DC motor and controlled through a repulsive magnetic force. We use the method of harmonic balance to derive oscillatory solutions. Theoretical tools such as, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, phase portraits, are used to unveil the rich nonlinear behavior of the system including chaos and hysteresis. The experimental results are in close accordance with the theoretical predictions.

Notch Ductilities of Rich Natural Gas Transmission Line Pipes for Arresting Propagating Shear Fracture

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sugie ◽  
M. Matsuoka ◽  
T. Akiyama ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
Y. Kawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crack Velocity ◽  
Shear Fracture ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Velocity Curve ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Charpy Test ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Propagating Shear

High Strength Line Pipe Research Committee organized by The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan carried out two full-scale burst tests on X70 line pipes, 48 in. o.d. × 0.720 in. w.t., with rich natural gas as the pressurizing gas. A theoretical investigation which gives the crack velocity change in terms of the crack velocity curve and the gas decompression velocity curve is presented, and the theoretical predictions and the experimental results are in good agreement. The developed method can predict the required notch ductilities obtained from Charpy test and DWTT in order to arrest a propagating shear fracture according to the type of gas, design stress and acceptable fracture length in the pipeline.

Shear Fracture Arrestability of Controlled Rolled Steel X70 Line Pipe by Full-Scale Burst Test

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sugie ◽  
H. Kaji ◽  
T. Taira ◽  
M. Ohashi ◽  
Y. Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Shear Fracture ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Propagation Behavior ◽  
Velocity Relationship ◽  
On Line ◽  
Propagating Shear

The High Strength Line Pipe Research Committee organized by the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan has conducted five full-scale burst tests on line pipe of 48 in. o.d. × 0.720 in. w.t. (wall thickness) and grade X70 under pressure of 80 percent SMYS with air: 1) to study the influence of separation on the arrestability of shear fracture, and 2) to obtain the material criterion for arresting the propagating shear fracture. Test pipes of Charpy V notch energy from 80 to 290J with different amount of separation, were produced from both controlled rolled steels and quenched and tempered steels. These research projects clarified that the separation of material itself did not influence the crack propagation behavior and its arrestability. Furthermore, the material criterion for arresting the shear fracture was analyzed by the pressure-velocity relationship counterbalancing the crack velocity curve and gas decompression curve.

scholarly journals Quantitative Experimental and Theoretical Investigations on the Interaction of Shock Waves with Magnetic Fields

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1449-1457
Author(s):  
H. Klingenberg ◽  
F. Sardei ◽  
W. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Dimensional Theory ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Interaction Of Shock Waves

Abstract In continuation of the work on interaction between shock waves and magnetic fields 1,2 the experiments reported here measured the atomic and electron densities in the interaction region by means of an interferometric and a spectroscopic method. The transient atomic density was also calculated using a one-dimensional theory based on the work of Johnson3 , but modified to give an improved physical model. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical predictions.

Rolling and Recrystallization Textures in High Purity Al Cold Rolled to Very High Rolling Reductions

2005 ◽  
Vol 495-497 ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Todayama ◽  
Hirosuke Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Dynamic Recovery ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rolling Reduction ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Very High

On the basis of Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, many previous theoretical investigations have predicted that, at high rolling reductions, most of orientations should rotate along theβfiber from {110}<112> to {123}<634> and finally into the {112}<111> stable end orientations. Although some exceptions exist, experimental observations have shown, on the other hand, that the maximum on the β fiber is located still at about {123}<634> even after 97 % cold rolling. In the present paper, high purity Al containing 50 ppm Cu was cold rolled up to 99.4 % reduction in thickness and examined whether {112}<111> stable end orientation could be achieved experimentally. It was found that, with increasing rolling reduction above 98 %, {110}<112> decreased, while orientations in the range between {123}<634> and {112}<111> increased, suggesting that crystal rotation along the βfiber from {110}<112> toward {123}<634> and {112}<111> in fact took place. At higher rolling reductions, however, further rotation of this peak toward {112}<111> was extremely sluggish, and even at the highest rolling reduction, it could not arrive at {112}<111>. Such discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental observations should be ascribed to the development of dislocation substructures, which were formed by concurrent work hardening and dynamic recovery. Since such development of dislocation substructures are not taken into account in Taylor-Bishop-Hill’s theory, it seems that they can not correctly predict the development of rolling textures at very high rolling reductions, i. e. stable end orientations. On annealing specimens rolled above 98 % reduction in thickness, cube textures were very weak, suggesting that cube bands were almost completely rotated into other orientations during cold rolling. {325}<496>, which lay at an intermediate position between {123}<634> and {112}<111> along theβfiber, developed strongly in the recrystallization textures.

An Assessment of the Value of Theory in Predicting Gas-Bearing Performance

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Gas Bearing ◽  
Theoretical Results

The object of the paper is to indicate the value of theoretical investigations of hydrodynamic finite bearings under steady-state conditions. Methods of solution of Reynolds equation by both desk and digital computing, and methods of stabilizing the processes of solution, are described. The nondimensional data available from the solutions are stated. The outcome of an attempted solution of the energy equation is discussed. A comparison between some theoretical and experimental results is shown. Experimental methods employed and some difficulties encountered are discussed. Some theoretical results are given to indicate the effects of the inclusion of slip velocity, stabilizing slots, and a simple case of whirl.

Low-Cost Measurement of Hydraulic Fracture Dimensions Using Pressure Data in Treatment and Observation Wells – A Workflow for Every Well

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kirby Nicholson ◽  
Robert C. Bachman ◽  
R. Yvonne Scherz ◽  
Robert V. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Hydraulic Fracture ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Observation Well ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Fracture Length ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Observation Wells

Abstract Pressure and stage volume are the least expensive and most readily available data for diagnostic analysis of hydraulic fracturing operations. Case history data from the Midland Basin is used to demonstrate how high-quality, time-synchronized pressure measurements at a treatment and an offsetting shut-in producing well can provide the necessary input to calculate fracture geometries at both wells and estimate perforation cluster efficiency at the treatment well. No special wellbore monitoring equipment is required. In summary, the methods outlined in this paper quantifies fracture geometries as compared to the more general observations of Daneshy (2020) and Haustveit et al. (2020). Pressures collected in Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFITs), select toe-stage full-scale fracture treatments, and offset observation wells are used to demonstrate a simple workflow. The pressure data combined with Volume to First Response (Vfr) at the observation well is used to create a geometry model of fracture length, width, and height estimates at the treatment well as illustrated in Figure 1. The producing fracture length of the observation well is also determined. Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA) techniques, a Perkins-Kern-Nordgren (PKN) fracture propagation model and offset well Fracture Driven Interaction (FDI) pressures are used to quantify hydraulic fracture dimensions. The PTA-derived Farfield Fracture Extension Pressure, FFEP, concept was introduced in Nicholson et al. (2019) and is summarized in Appendix B of this paper. FFEP replaces Instantaneous Shut-In Pressure, ISIP, for use in net pressure calculations. FFEP is determined and utilized in both DFITs and full-scale fracture inter-stage fall-off data. The use of the Primary Pressure Derivative (PPD) to accurately identify FFEP simplifies and speeds up the analysis, allowing for real time treatment decisions. This new technique is called Rapid-PTA. Additionally, the plotted shape and gradient of the observation-well pressure response can identify whether FDI's are hydraulic or poroelastic before a fracture stage is completed and may be used to change stage volume on the fly. Figure 1Fracture Geometry Model with FDI Pressure Matching Case studies are presented showing the full workflow required to generate the fracture geometry model. The component inputs for the model are presented including a toe-stage DFIT, inter-stage pressure fall-off, and the FDI pressure build-up. We discuss how to optimize these hydraulic fractures in hindsight (look-back) and what might have been done in real time during the completion operations given this workflow and field-ready advanced data-handling capability. Hydraulic fracturing operations can be optimized in real time using new Rapid-PTA techniques for high quality pressure data collected on treating and observation wells. This process opens the door for more advanced geometry modeling and for rapid design changes to save costs and improve well productivity and ultimate recovery.

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