Stress Redistribution During Annealing of a Multi-Pass Butt-Welded Pipe

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Josefson
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Transient Stress ◽  
Holding Period ◽  
Welded Pipe ◽  
Mn Steel

The reduction of welding stresses during some standard post-weld heat treatments (PWHT) is numerically determined for a multi-pass butt-welded pipe made of a micro-alloyed C-Mn steel. Most of the stress reduction is found to occur during heating to the holding temperature. The further reduction obtained during the subsequent holding period is significant only for holding temperatures above 550°C. Both welding stresses and stresses during annealing were calculated by use of the FE-method assuming rotational symmetry. Experiments performed on a welded pipe indicate that the assumption of rotational symmetry is justified for the welding residual stress field, but not for the transient stress field present during welding of each pass.

Dynamic evolution of welding residual stress field under noncontact electromagnetic force

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 054904
Author(s):  
Da Xu ◽  
Xuesong Liu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Jianguo Yang ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Force ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Residual Stress Field

Temperature and Residual Stress Fields in an Austenitic Circumferential Pipe Weld

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruthard Bonn ◽  
Klaus Metzner ◽  
H. Kockelmann ◽  
E. Roos ◽  
L. Stumpfrock
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Fields ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Circumferential Welds ◽  
The Impact

The main target of a research programme “experimental and numerical analyses on the residual stress field in the area of circumferential welds in austenitic pipe welds”, sponsored by Technische Vereinigung der Großkraftwerksbetreiber e. V. (VGB) and carried out at MPA Stuttgart, was the validation of the numerical calculation for the quantitative determination of residual stress fields in austenitic circumferential pipe welds. In addition, the influence of operational stresses as well as the impact of the pressure test on the residual stress state had to be examined. By using the TIG orbital welding technique, circumferential welds (Material X 10 CrNiNb 18 9 (1.4550, corresponding to TP 347) were produced (geometric dimensions 255.4 mm I.D. × 8.8 mm wall) with welding boundary conditions and weld parameters (number of weld layers and weld built-up, seam volume, heat input) which are representative for pipings in power plants. Deformation and temperature measurements accompanying the welding, as well as the experimentally determined (X-ray diffraction) welding residual stress distribution, served as the basis for the verification of numeric temperature and residual stress field calculations. The material model on which the calculations were founded was developed by experimental weld simulations in the thermo-mechanical test rig GLEEBLE 2000 for the determination of the material behaviour at different temperatures and elasto-plastic deformation. The numeric calculations were carried out with the Finite Element program ABAQUS. The comparison of the calculation results with the experimental findings confirms the proven validation of the developed numerical calculation models for the quantitative determination of residual stresses in austenitic circumferential pipings. The investigation gives a well-founded insight into the complex thermo-mechanical processes during welding, not known to this extent from literature previously.

The Effects of Loadings on Welding Residual Stresses and Assessment of Fracture Parameters in a Welding Residual Stress Field

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwu Wei ◽  
Weijing He ◽  
Simon Smith
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Growing Crack

The level of welding residual stress is an important consideration in the ECA of a structure or component such as a pipeline girth weld. Such a consideration is further complicated by their variation under load and the complexity involved in the proper assessment of fracture mechanics parameters in a welding residual stress field. In this work, 2D axi-symmetric FEA models for simulation of welding residual stresses in pipe girth welds were first developed. The modelling method was validated using experimental measurements from a 19-pass girth weld. The modeling method was used on a 3-pass pipe girth weld to predict the residual stresses and variation under various static and fatigue loadings. The predicted relaxation in welding residual stress is compared to the solutions recommended in the defect assessment procedure BS 7910. Fully circumferential internal cracks of different sizes were introduced into the FE model of the three-pass girth weld. Two methods were used to introduce a crack. In one method the crack was introduced instantaneously and the other method introduced the crack progressively. Physically, the instantaneously introduced crack represents a crack originated from manufacturing or fabrication processes, while the progressively growing crack simulates a fatigue crack induced during service. The J-integral values for the various cracks in the welding residual stress field were assessed and compared. This analysis was conducted for a welding residual stress field as a result of a welding simulation rather than for a residual stress field due to a prescribed temperature distribution as considered by the majority of previous investigations. The validation with the 19-pass welded pipe demonstrated that the welding residual stress in a pipe girth weld can be predicted reasonably well. The relaxation and redistribution of welding residual stresses in the three-pass weld were found to be significantly affected by the magnitude of applied loads and the strain hardening models. The number of cycles in fatigue loading was shown to have little effect on relaxation of residual stresses, but the range and maximum load together governed the relaxation effect. A significant reduction in residual stresses was induced after first cycle but subsequent cycles had no marked effect. The method of introducing a crack in a FE model, progressively or instantaneously, has a significant effect on J-integral, with a lower value of J obtained for a progressively growing crack. The path-dependence of the J-integral in a welding residual stress field is discussed.

The Effect of Strength Mis-Match and Residual Stress in ECA of Girth Welds With Internal Circumferential Cracks

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mirzaee Sisan ◽  
Afshin Motarjemi
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Girth Welds ◽  
Welded Pipe

A numerical study was carried out to quantify the effect of a residual stress field on subsequent fracture behaviour of a girth welded pipe with an internal circumferential long crack when subjected to high applied strain loading. In order to introduce an initial residual stress field similar to a welding process in a pipe, a quenching process was numerically simulated and associated residual stress profiles were modified and mapped into the finite element (FE) models. A detailed comparison between the crack driving force for various cases with and without residual stress and weld strength mismatch was carried out for cases under a high plastic deformation regime. The BS7910 procedure was also used to predict crack driving forces using its current assumption of interaction of residual stress with primary loads. The results obtained from the FE analyses were compared with the BS7910 predictions.

Weld Residual Stress Predictions in Reactor Vessel Head Penetrations: FE Simulation

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Teughels ◽  
Rodolfo L. M. Suanno ◽  
Christian Malekian ◽  
Lucio D. B. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Alloy 600 ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Weld Residual Stress ◽  
Water Reactors

The penetrations in the early Pressurized Water Reactors Vessels are characterized by Alloy 600 tubes, welded by Alloy 182/82. The Alloy 600 tubes have been shown to be susceptible to PWSCC (Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracking) which may lead to crack forming. The cracking mechanism is driven mainly by the welding residual stress and, in a second place, by the operational stress in the weld region. It is therefore of big interest to quantify the weld residual stress field correctly. In this paper the weld residual stress field is calculated by finite elements, using a common approach well known in nuclear domain. It includes a transient thermal analysis simulating the heating during the multipass welding, followed by a transient thermo-mechanical analysis for the determination of the stresses involved with it. The welding consists of a sequence of weld beads, each of which is deposited in its entirety, at once, instead of gradually. Central as well as eccentric sidehill nozzles on the vessel head are analyzed in the paper. For the former a 2-dimensional axisymmetrical finite element model is used, whereas for the latter a 3-dimensional model is set up. Different positions on the vessel head are compared and the influence of the sidehill effect is illustrated. In the framework of a common project for Angra 1, Tractebel Engineering (Belgium) and Eletronuclear (Nuclear Utility, Brazil) had the opportunity to compare their analysis method, which they applied to the Belgian and the Brazilian nuclear reactors, respectively. The global approach in both cases is very similar but is applied to different configurations, specific for each NPP. In the article the results of both cases are compared.

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