Shock Embedding Discontinuous Solution of Elliptic Equation for Inverse Problem of Transonic S2 Flow

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
Hongji Chen ◽  
Chung-Hua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Problem ◽  
Transonic Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Discontinuous Solution ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Iterative Computation ◽  
Separate Region ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Shock Fitting

In the case of the inverse problem of S2 surface flow in a transonic turbomachine, if the meridional component of the relative velocity is subsonic, the equation governing the flow is elliptic. Through the use of a proper conservative form of the stream-function principal equation and embedding the shock relations into the principal equation, the transonic flow over the whole S2 surface containing the discontinuity of the passage shock can be calculated. A computer code employing this method has been programmed. The algorithm, which is only a little different from the subsonic code, is simple, accurate, and reliable. This program is particularly useful in the solution of the three-dimensional transonic flow in a fan or compressor through iterative computation of transonic S1 and S2 flows, when the former is carried out by the recently developed method of “separate-region calculation with shock fitting.” The new computer code is used to calculate the S2 flow in a typical transonic rotor and the difference between the result obtained by this method and that by the commonly used one, in which the shock discontinuity is not taken into account, can be clearly seen.

Motion Analysis of Floating Type Current Turbines

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Ocean Current ◽  
Japanese Coast ◽  
Marine Current ◽  
Mooring Forces ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Floating Type ◽  
Current Energy

Ocean current energy is one of promising power resource for Japan, since “Kurosio”, which pass through near the Japanese coast, is one of strongest ocean current in the world. In order to catch this energy, floating type marine current turbines i.e. the contra-rotating system and the twin turbine system, are proposed which are designed so that the rated current velocity is 1.5m/s. Three dimensional motions of these systems with effects of turbines are formulated. Basing on this formulation, a computer code to simulate the device motion and the blade forces is developed in which the linearized mooring forces are used. Some numerical results are shown, and the difference between the dynamic motion of the contra-rotating turbine system and that of the twin turbine system in waves is discussed.

Modeling Free-Surface Flow in Part-Filled Rotating Vessels: Vertical and Horizontal Orientations

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1022-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Sujatha ◽  
M. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Element Formulation ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Surface Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Model Fluids

This paper reports on the numerical simulation of rotating flows with free surfaces, typically that arise in dough-kneading situations found within the food processing industry. Free-surface flow in a rotating cylinder is investigated when a fluid is stirred in a cylindrical-shaped vessel with a stirrer attached to its lid. The problem is posed in a three-dimensional cylindrical polar frame of reference. Numerical predictions are based on a Taylor-Galerkin/pressure-correction finite element formulation, with particle tracking to accommodate free-surface movement. Peeling and wetting conditions are incorporated to predict fluid-surface movement in contact with solid boundaries. Free-surface profiles are presented for different speeds of rotation and predictions compare closely to equivalent experimental results. The algorithmic implementation is validated against Newtonian analytical solutions. Typical results are presented to demonstrate the difference between Newtonian and inelastic model fluids.

Defocus ramp correction in spot-scan imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Envelope Functions

Three-dimensional structures of a number of samples have been determined by electron crystallography. The procedures used in this work include recording images of fairly large areas of a specimen at high tilt angles. There is then a large defocus ramp across the image, and parts of the image are far out of focus. In the regions where the defocus is large, the contrast transfer function (CTF) varies rapidly across the image, especially at high resolution. Not only is the CTF then difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy to correct properly, but the image contrast is reduced by envelope functions which tend toward a low value at high defocus.We have combined computer control of the electron microscope with spot-scan imaging in order to eliminate most of the defocus ramp and its effects in the images of tilted specimens. In recording the spot-scan image, the beam is scanned along rows that are parallel to the tilt axis, so that along each row of spots the focus is constant. Between scan rows, the objective lens current is changed to correct for the difference in specimen height from one scan to the next.

The iron content of iron superoxide dismutase: determination by anomalous scattering

1983 ◽  
Vol 218 (1210) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Anomalous Scattering ◽  
Total Iron Content ◽  
Iron Site ◽  
Iron Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Density Map ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electron Density Map

The number of iron atoms in the dimeric iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis and their atomic positions have been determined directly from anomalous scattering measurements on crystals of the native enzyme. To resolve the long-standing question of the total amount of iron per molecule for this class of dismutase, the occupancy of each site was refined against the measured Bijvoet differences. The enzyme is a symmetrical dimer with one iron site in each subunit. The iron position is 9 ņ from the intersubunit interface. The total iron content of the dimer is 1.2±0.2 moles per mole of protein. This is divided between the subunits in the ratio 0.65:0.55; the difference between them is probably not significant. Since each subunit contains, on average, slightly more than half an iron atom we conclude that the normal state of this enzyme is two iron atoms per dimer but that some of the metal is lost during purification of the protein. Although the crystals are obviously a mixture of holo- and apo-enzymes, the 2.9 Å electron density map is uniformly clean, even at the iron site. We conclude that the three-dimensional structures of the iron-bound enzyme and the apoenzyme are identical.

scholarly journals SPECTRAL CORRELATIONS IN DISORDERED MESOSCOPIC METALS AND THEIR RELEVANCE FOR PERSISTENT CURRENTS

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 1397-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
AXEL VÖLKER ◽  
PETER KOPIETZ
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Electron Interaction ◽  
Energy Window ◽  
Persistent Currents ◽  
Dependent Part ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aharonov Bohm ◽  
Grand Canonical

We use the Lanczos method to calculate the variance σ2(E, ϕ) of the number of energy levels in an energy window of width E below the Fermi energy for noninteracting disordered electrons on a thin three-dimensional ring threaded by an Aharonov–Bohm flux ϕ. We confirm numerically that for small E the flux-dependent part of σ2(E, ϕ) is well described by the Altshuler–Shklovskii-diagram involving two Cooperons. However, in the absence of electron–electron interactions this result cannot be extrapolated to energies E where the energy-dependence of the average density of states becomes significant. We discuss consequences for persistent currents and argue that for the calculation of the difference between the canonical- and grand canonical current it is crucial to take the electron–electron interaction into account.

An Unstructured, Three-Dimensional, Shock-Fitting Solver for Hypersonic Flows

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Bonfiglioli ◽  
Marco Grottadaurea ◽  
Renato Paciorri ◽  
Filippo Sabetta
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hypersonic Flows ◽  
Shock Fitting

scholarly journals Computation of Three-Dimensional, Rotational Flow Through Turbomachinery Blade Rows for Improved Aerodynamic Design Studies

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Subramanian ◽  
R. Bozzola ◽  
Louis A. Povinelli
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Aerodynamic Design ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Transonic Compressor ◽  
Numerical Predictions

The performance of a three dimensional computer code developed for predicting the flowfield in stationary and rotating turbomachinery blade rows is described in this study. The four stage Runge-Kutta numerical integration scheme is used for solving the governing flow equations and yields solution to the full, three dimensional, unsteady Euler equations in cylindrical coordinates. This method is fully explicit and uses the finite volume, time marching procedure. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the code, steady solutions were obtained for several cascade geometries under widely varying flow conditions. Computed flowfield results are presented for a fully subsonic turbine stator and a low aspect ratio, transonic compressor rotor blade under maximum flow and peak efficiency design conditions. Comparisons with Laser Anemometer measurements and other numerical predictions are also provided to illustrate that the present method predicts important flow features with good accuracy and can be used for cost effective aerodynamic design studies.

Theory of ultrasonic attenuation in one and two dimensional metals

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (14) ◽  
pp. 1454-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tiedje ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Attenuation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
The Difference

The theory of ultrasonic attenuation in metals is extended so that it applies to quasi one and two dimensional electronic systems. It is shown that the attenuation in such systems differs significantly from the well-known results for three dimensional systems. The difference is particularly marked for one dimensional systems, for which the attenuation is shown to be strongly temperature dependent.

Integrity Assessment of Damaged Flexible Pipe Cross-Sections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guomin Ji ◽  
Bernt J. Leira ◽  
Svein Sævik ◽  
Frank Klæbo ◽  
Gunnar Axelsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Flexible Pipe ◽  
Dynamic Stresses ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Residual Capacity ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element Model

This paper presents results from a case study performed to evaluate the residual capacity of a 6″ flexible pipe when exposed to corrosion damages in the tensile armour. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was developed using the computer code MARC to evaluate the increase in mean and dynamic stresses for a given number of damaged inner tensile armor wires. The study also includes the effect of these damages with respect to the associated stresses in the pressure spiral. Furthermore, the implications of a sequence of wire failures with respect to the accumulated time until cross-section failure in a probabilistic sense are addressed.

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