Validation and Quantitative Assessment of the Deterioration Mechanisms of Arctic Icebergs

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Tahan ◽  
S. Venkatesh ◽  
H. El-Tahan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Reasonable Approximation ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Deterioration Mechanism ◽  
Wave Erosion ◽  
Sea Area

In this paper the important mechanisms affecting the deterioration of Arctic icebergs are modeled based on parameterizations developed for the International Ice Patrol. The model simulations of the deterioration of three icebergs in the Grand Banks/Labrador Sea area off the Canadian east coast are compared with observations. The model parameterizations provide a reasonable approximation of iceberg deterioration with best results being obtained where detailed observations of the above-water and underwater portions of the iceberg are available enabling accurate estimations of iceberg mass and other parameters needed for the model. A quantitative assessment of the deterioration of icebergs in the Grand Banks/Labrador Sea area is also carried out for each month of the year when the sea surface temperature was above zero. Wave erosion is found to be the major deterioration mechanism. Wave erosion and the resulting calving of overhanging slabs together account for more than 80 percent of the deterioration rate. A small iceberg drifting on the Grand Banks could lose up to one third of its mass in one day.

scholarly journals Analysis of hydrodynamics and sediment conditions around East Coast Sea Area in Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
Tan Zhong-hua ◽  
Chen Han-bao ◽  
Xu Ya-nan ◽  
Guan Ning
Keyword(s):  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sea Area

scholarly journals Characteristics of convective snow bands along the Swedish east coast

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Jeworrek ◽  
Lichuan Wu ◽  
Christian Dieterich ◽  
Anna Rutgersson
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate Model ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Atmospheric Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Precipitation Rate ◽  
Shallow Convection

Abstract. Convective snow bands develop in response to a cold air outbreak from the continent or the frozen sea over the open water surface of lakes or seas. The comparatively warm water body triggers shallow convection due to increased heat and moisture fluxes. Strong winds can align with this convection into wind-parallel cloud bands, which appear stationary as the wind direction remains consistent for the time period of the snow band event, delivering enduring snow precipitation at the approaching coast. The statistical analysis of a dataset from an 11-year high-resolution atmospheric regional climate model (RCA4) indicated 4 to 7 days a year of moderate to highly favourable conditions for the development of convective snow bands in the Baltic Sea region. The heaviest and most frequent lake effect snow was affecting the regions of Gävle and Västervik (along the Swedish east coast) as well as Gdansk (along the Polish coast). However, the hourly precipitation rate is often higher in Gävle than in the Västervik region. Two case studies comparing five different RCA4 model setups have shown that the Rossby Centre atmospheric regional climate model RCA4 provides a superior representation of the sea surface with more accurate sea surface temperature (SST) values when coupled to the ice–ocean model NEMO as opposed to the forcing by the ERA-40 reanalysis data. The refinement of the resolution of the atmospheric model component leads, especially in the horizontal direction, to significant improvement in the representation of the mesoscale circulation process as well as the local precipitation rate and area by the model.

Seasonal Variation of Surface Circulation Along Peninsular Malaysia' East Coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faiz Pa'suya ◽  
Kamaludin Mohd Omar ◽  
Benny N. Peter ◽  
Ami Hassan Md Din ◽  
Mohd Fadzil Mohd Akhir
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Radar Altimeter ◽  
Sea Level Anomaly ◽  
Surface Circulation ◽  
Altimetric Data

The sea surface circulation pattern over the coast of Peninsula Malaysia's East Coast during Northeast Monsoon (NE) and Southwest Monsoon (SW) are derived using the seasonally averaged sea level anomaly (SLA) data from altimetric data and 1992-2002 Mean Dynamic Ocean Topography. This altimetric data has been derived from multi-mission satellite altimeter TOPEX, ERS-1, ERS-2, JASON-1, and ENVISAT for the period of nineteen years (1993 to 2011) using the Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS). The estimated sea level anomaly (SLA) have shown similarity in the pattern of sea level variations observed by four tide gauges. Overall, the sea surface circulations during the NE and SW monsoons shows opposite patterns, northward and southward respectively. During the SW monsoon, an anti-cyclonic circulation has been detected around the Terengganu coastal area centred at (about 5.5° N 103.5° E) and nearly consistent with previous study using numerical modelling. The estimated geostrophic current field from the altimeter is consistent with the trajectories of Argos-tracked Drifting Buoys provided by the Marine Environmental Data Services (MEDS) in Canada.

scholarly journals Icebergs: Their Physical Dimensions and the Presentation and Application of Measured Data

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Stuart Hotzel ◽  
John D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Physical Dimensions

A knowledge of the dimensional characteristics of icebergs off the east coast of Canada is required for both scientific and engineering purposes. To fulfil this need, hydrocarbon exploration in the region has been supported by a program aimed at collecting morphometric data on icebergs, in addition to providing operational support for activities such as ice-berg towing, this program has yielded information which will be useful for the engineering design of offshore structures. Functional relationships between the dimensions of icebergs are presented and ratios between the linear dimensions are examined. These ratios are used to calculate preliminary values for draft and mass on the Grand Banks and are demonstrated to give reasonable values for draft of icebergs off Greenland.

Baseline Levels of Volatile Hydrocarbons and Petroleum Residues in the Waters and Sediments of the Grand Banks

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (S2) ◽  
pp. s23-s33 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
Volatile Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Residues ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Baseline Levels

Baseline levels of low molecular weight volatile hydrocarbons and petroleum residues in the Grand Banks area were measured in April 1981 with a focus on the Hibernia and South Tempest sites where exploration for oil was occurring. Concentrations of volatile hydrocarbons ranged from 0.41 to 1.80 nmol/L (geometric mean = 0.74 nmol/L) in the water column and 0.05–3.20 mmol/L in the surficial bottom sediments. The former, almost exclusively methane, were of recent biological origin, while the latter, which also contained ethane, propane, and butane, were probably related to petroleum. There was no visible evidence of surface slicks at the time, and floating particulate petroleum residues were absent from most locations. Concentrations of dissolved/dispersed petroleum residues in the sea surface microlayer ranged from 14 to 440 μg/L (geometric mean = 28.9 μg/L) and in the water column from 0.05 to 4.1 μg/L. Concentrations of petroleum residues in the surficial bottom sediments ranged from 0 to 7.3 μg/g. While these levels are among the lowest found anywhere in the waters and sediments off eastern Canada and in the eastern Arctic, there was evidence that the oil industry, even at the level of its activity at the time, was having a detectable impact on background levels of petroleum-related substances in the sea surface microlayer and the surficial bottom sediments.

Long-Term Variations of the Sea Surface Temperature in the East Coast of Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Woo Kim ◽  
◽  
Jin-Wook Im ◽  
Byung-Sun Yoon ◽  
Hee-Dong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Long Term Variations

OILSPILL COUNTERMEASURE TRAINING UNIT, ST. JOHN'S NEWFOUNDLAND—A JOINT VENTURE TRAINING PROGRAM

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-121
Author(s):  
Jack J. Strong ◽  
David M. Grenville
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
East Coast ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Grand Banks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Training Unit ◽  
Ocean Environment

ABSTRACT The establishment of OCTU in St. John's, Newfoundland, was a response to the need of marine oil spill countermeasures training in a cold ocean environment. Increased tanker traffic, intensive exploratory drilling, the discovery of oil on the Grand Banks, and the importance of the Canadian East Coast fishery all emphasized the need for more trained people to operate containment and recovery equipment and to direct countermeasures operations. The training program developed by OCTU and the courses given over the past 2 years are described. It is noted that the joint venture nature of this operation offers a mechanism for communication among the participants and thus a means for advancing the state of the art.

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