scholarly journals Heat Transfer and Flow Visualization in Natural Convection in Rapidly Spinning Systems

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sobel ◽  
M. El-Masri ◽  
J. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Plumes ◽  
Buoyant Plumes ◽  
Thermal Transients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

The design of airborne superconducting generators for intermittent duty requires the understanding of some unique free-convection processes in the spinning helium bath. Toward that end, some fundamental experiments on steady and transient free convection in rotating containers of representative geometries have been performed. Heat transfer data from heaters of various geometries mounted on the outer container surface to several fluids are reported. A correlation for steady-state Nusselt number is presented for a wide range of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. The heat transfer coefficient was found to be independent of heater size, geometry, and fluid viscosity. Heat transfer measurements during simultaneous thermal transients and sudden increases in rotational speed were also made. They show an enhancement of heat transfer due to the relative counterrotation of the fluid following the acceleration of the container. This persists for a period well below that for fluid spinup. A model based upon the submergence of the thermal boundary layer by the diffusive wave from the wall was successful in correlating this period. Quasi-steady flow visualization experiments indicate that the thermal plumes generate two-dimensional, axially invariant flow fields. Their trajectories are radial relative to the spinning container. Those observations are shown to be consistent with the fact that weak buoyant plumes in containers rotating at small Ekman numbers result in low Rossby number motions. Those are two dimensional according to the Taylor–Proudman theorem. It is shown that the Coriolis and pressure forces on such a thermal column are in azimuthal equilibrium, hence the radial trajectory. Flow visualization following impulsive acceleration in an off-axis, nonaxisymmetric container shows that the flow field is dominated by vortices expelled from corners. The fluid spinup time, however, was found to be the same as that for an on-axis circular cylinder of the same characteristic diameter.

Vortex Instability of Free Convection Flow Over Horizontal and Inclined Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Chen ◽  
K. L. Tzuoo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Surface Heat ◽  
Convection Flow ◽  
Neutral Stability ◽  
Free Convection Flow ◽  
Vortex Instability ◽  
Surface Heat Transfer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

The vortex instability characteristics of laminar free convection flow over horizontal and inclined isothermal surfaces are studied analytically by linear theory. As a prelude to the analysis, the effects of the angle of inclination on the main flow and thermal fields are re-examined by a new approach. Numerical results are presented for wall shear stress, surface heat transfer, neutral stability curve, and critical Grashof number for Prandtl numbers of 0.7 and 7 over a wide range of angles of inclination, φ, from the horizontal. It is found that as the angle of inclination increases the rate of surface heat transfer increases, whereas the susceptibility of the flow to the vortex mode of instability decreases. The present study provides new vortex instability results for small angles of inclination (φ≤30 deg) and more accurate results for large angles of inclination (φ ≥ 30 deg) than previous studies. The present results are also compared with available wave instability results.

Heat and Mass Transfer in an Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layer

1972 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brundrett ◽  
W. B. Nicoll ◽  
A. B. Strong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transfer Data ◽  
Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Incompressible Boundary

The van Driest damped mixing length has been extended to account for the effects of mass transfer through a porous plate into a turbulent, two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer. The present mixing length is continuous from the wall through to the inner-law region of the flow, and although empirical, has been shown to predict wall shear stress and heat transfer data for a wide range of blowing rates.

Free-convection effects in the boundary layer along a vertically stretching flat surface

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 1253-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Daskalakis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Skin Friction ◽  
Flat Surface ◽  
Relaxation Method ◽  
Boussinesq Approximation ◽  
Axial Coordinate ◽  
Prandtl Numbers ◽  
Energy Equations

We assess the effects of free convection on the boundary layer formed along a flat surface stretching vertically in a quiescent fluid. The flow is laminar and incompressible, the buoyancy forces conform to the Boussinesq approximation and the surface temperature is variable. The two-point boundary value problem of the coupled momentum and energy equations is solved using a simple and accurate relaxation method that provides the general nonsimilar solution to the flow. The effect of free-convection currents on velocity and temperature profiles, skin friction, and heat transfer is studied by varying the flow Grashof and Prandtl numbers. Zero shear stress and heat-transfer rate are predicted at some axial coordinate on a surface with decreasing wall temperature. Also the skin friction is markedly modified by the buoyancy while the heat transfer at the surface is correspondingly only moderately influenced.

scholarly journals Laminar free convection induced by a line heat source, and heat transfer from wires at small Grashof numbers

1998 ◽  
Vol 362 ◽  
pp. 199-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMABLE LIÑÁN ◽  
VADIM N. KURDYUMOV
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Free Convection ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Outer Region ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Thermal Plume ◽  
Line Heat Source ◽  
First Approximation ◽  
Wide Range

The buoyancy-induced laminar flow and temperature fields associated with a line source of heat in an unbounded environment are described by numerically solving the non-dimensional Boussinesq equations with the appropriate boundary conditions. The solution is given for values of the Prandtl number, the single parameter, ranging from zero to infinity. The far-field form of the solution is well known, including a self-similar thermal plume above the source. The analytical description close to the source involves constants that must be evaluated with the numerical solution.These constants are used when calculating the free convection heat transfer from wires (or cylinders of non-circular shape) at small Grashof numbers. We find two regions in the flow field: an inner region, scaled with the radius of the wire, where the effects of convection can be neglected in first approximation, and an outer region where, also in first approximation, the flow and temperature fields are those due to a line source of heat. The cases of large and small Prandtl numbers are considered separately. There is good agreement between the Nusselt numbers given by the asymptotic analysis and by the numerical analysis, which we carry out for a wide range of Grashof numbers, extending to very small values the range of existing numerical results; there is also agreement with the existing correlations of the experimental results. A correlation expression is proposed for the relation between the Nusselt and Grashof numbers, based on the asymptotic forms of the relation for small and large Grashof numbers.

Analytical Prediction of Heat Transfer in Tape Generated Swirl Flow

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Yadav ◽  
Sandeep Kore ◽  
V. N. Riabhole
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Circular Tube ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Twisted Tape ◽  
Analytical Prediction ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Twisted Tapes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in a circular tube with twisted tapes have been investigated experimentally and numerically using different working fluids by many researchers for wide range of Reynolds number. The swirl was generated by tape inserts of various twist ratios. The various twist ratios are considered Many researchers formed generalized correlations to predict friction factors and convective heat transfer coefficients with twisted tapes in a tube for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and Prandtl numbers. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the present correlations and the data of others validate the proposed correlations. The experimental or numerical predictions were compared with earlier correlations revealing good agreement between them. From the literature review it is observed that most studies are mainly focused on the heat transfer enhancement using twisted tape by experimental or numerical solution. An investigation with analytical approach is rarely reported. Therefore, the main aim of the present work is to form a correlation from theoretical approach for Nusselt number for circular tube with twisted tape. Application of dimensional analysis to heat transfer in tape generated swirl flow is carried out.

Thermal–Hydraulic Performance Analysis of a Convergent Double Pipe Heat Exchanger

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed T. Al-Sammarraie ◽  
Kambiz Vafai
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Contraction Ratio ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prandtl Numbers ◽  
Double Pipe ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pipe Heat

The present investigation proposes an innovative convergent double pipe heat exchanger (C-DPHE). A two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric heat transfer model with counterflow is employed to analyze the thermal and hydraulic performance of this configuration numerically. The impact of convergence in the flow direction, using a wide range of contraction ratio (Cr), is explored. The effect of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers on the flow and heat transfer is addressed, as well. The model results were validated with available data from the literature, and an excellent agreement has been confirmed. In general, the findings of the present study indicate that increasing the contraction ratio increases heat transfer and pressure drop in the C-DPHE. Moreover, this configuration has a prominent and sustainable performance, compared to a conventional double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE), with an enhancement in heat transfer rate up to 32% and performance factor (PF) higher than one. Another appealing merit for the C-DPHE is that it is quite effective and functional at low Reynolds and high Prandtl numbers, respectively, since no high-operating pumping power is required. Further, the optimal operating conditions can be established utilizing the comprehensive information provided in this work.

Convective Heat Transfer From a Sphere Due to Acoustic Streaming

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gopinath ◽  
A. F. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat Transfer ◽  
Convective Heat ◽  
Acoustic Streaming ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Acoustic Levitation ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Prandtl Numbers

Convective heat transfer from a sphere due to acoustic streaming is examined for large streaming Reynolds numbers. Analytical and numerical solution techniques are used to obtain Nusselt number correlations for a wide range of Prandtl numbers with particular emphasis on the case of Pr~1. A simple experiment performed to confirm some of the predictions is described. The results obtained can be used for the thermal analysis of containerless materials processing in space using acoustic levitation.

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