Scaling of Plain and Externally Finned Heat Exchanger Tubes

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sheikholeslami ◽  
A. P. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Scale Formation ◽  
Fouling Resistance ◽  
Constant Heat

The performance of copper and mild steel plain heat exchanger tubes and an externally finned mild steel tube was studied under calcium carbonate scaling conditions. Under a constant heat flux for 70-h periods the fouling resistance generally increased linearly with time. The effect of velocity on the rate of scale formation is presented for the three tubes and results compared with the model of Hasson.

Long Term Simulation of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchanger for Ground Source Heat Pump

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurullah Kayaci ◽  
Hakan Demir ◽  
Ş. Özgür Atayılmaz ◽  
Özden Ağra
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps ◽  
Ground Source

The earth is an energy resource which has more suitable and stable temperatures than air. Ground Source Heat Pumps (GSHPs) were developed to use ground energy for residential heating. The most important part of a GSHP is the Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE) that consists of pipes buried in the soil and is used for transferring heat between the soil and the heat exchanger of the GSHP. Soil composition, density, moisture and burial depth of pipes affect the size of a GHE. There are plenty of works on ground source heat pumps and ground heat exchangers in the literature. Most of the works on ground heat exchangers are based on the heat transfer in the soil and temperature distribution around the coil. Some of the works for thermo-economic optimization of thermal systems are based on thermodynamic cycles. GHEs is commonly sized according to short time (one year or less) simulation algorithms. Variation of soil temperature in long time period is more important and, therefore, long term simulation is required to be assure the performance of the GSHP system. In this study, long time (10 years) simulation for parallel pipe GHE of a GSHP system was performed numerically with dynamical boundary conditions. In the numerical study ANSYS CFD package was used. This package uses a technique based on control volume theory to convert the governing equations to algebraic equations so they can be solved numerically. The control volume technique works by performing the integration of the governing equations about each control volume, and then generates discretization of the equations which conserve each quantity based on control volume. Thermal boundary conditions can be defined in four different types in ANSYS Fluent: Constant heat flux, constant temperature, convection-radiation and convection. In this study, periodic variation of air temperature boundary at upper surface condition is applied, the lateral and bottom surface of the solution domain are defined as adiabatic wall type boundary condition; the pipe inner surface is taken as wall with a constant heat flux. In order to provide the periodic variation of air temperature boundary at upper surface condition a User Defined Function (UDF) was written and interpreted in ANSYS Fluent. Likewise, a UDF was also written to give constant heat flux intermittently for the pipe inner surface. Constant heat flux of 10, 20, 30 W per unit length of pipe used for calculations. Effects of distance between pipes and thermal conductivity on temperature distribution in the soil were investigated. Heat transfer in the soil is time dependent three dimensional heat conduction with dynamical boundary conditions. Temperature distribution in soil were obtained and storage effect of the soil has also been investigated. An optimization methodology based on long term simulation of GHE was suggested.

Rate of Sublimation of Ice by Radiative Heating in Freeze-Etching

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 618-619
Author(s):  
Yeshayahu Talmon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Sublimation Rates ◽  
Fractured Surface

To bring out details in the fractured surface of a frozen sample in the freeze fracture/freeze-etch technique,the sample or part of it is warmed to enhance water sublimation.One way to do this is to raise the temperature of the entire sample to about -100°C to -90°C. In this case sublimation rates can be calculated by using plots such as Fig.1 (Talmon and Thomas),or by simplified formulae such as that given by Menold and Liittge. To achieve higher rates of sublimation without heating the entire sample a radiative heater can be used (Echlin et al.). In the present paper a simplified method for the calculation of the rates of sublimation under a constant heat flux F [W/m2] at the surface of the sample from a heater placed directly above the sample is described.

scholarly journals The exact analytical solution of the dual-phase-lag two-temperature bioheat transfer of a skin tissue subjected to constant heat flux

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy M. Youssef ◽  
Najat A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Exact Analytical Solution ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Bioheat Transfer ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Two Temperature

Abstract This work is dealing with the temperature reaction and response of skin tissue due to constant surface heat flux. The exact analytical solution has been obtained for the two-temperature dual-phase-lag (TTDPL) of bioheat transfer. We assumed that the skin tissue is subjected to a constant heat flux on the bounding plane of the skin surface. The separation of variables for the governing equations as a finite domain is employed. The transition temperature responses have been obtained and discussed. The results represent that the dual-phase-lag time parameter, heat flux value, and two-temperature parameter have significant effects on the dynamical and conductive temperature increment of the skin tissue. The Two-temperature dual-phase-lag (TTDPL) bioheat transfer model is a successful model to describe the behavior of the thermal wave through the skin tissue.

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