Transient Solidification in Flow into a Rod Bundle

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Epstein ◽  
L. J. Stachyra ◽  
G. A. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Approximate Method ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Tube Flow ◽  
Liquid Mass ◽  
Rod Bundle

Transient solidification of a liquid in axial flow into and through a cold rod bundle was investigated. Experiments are described in which the amount of liquid displaced through the rod bundle before freezing shut as a function of pressure drop was measured. Simple relations for the liquid mass displaced into or through the rod bundle were derived by combining the notion of a time-dependent hydraulic diameter with an available approximate method for treating transient solidification in a tube flow. The relations are shown to be approximately consistent with the experimental data.

Experimental Study of Heat Transfer to Supercritical Pressure Water Flowing in a 2×2 Rod Bundle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Qincheng Bi ◽  
Linchuan Wang ◽  
Haicai Lv ◽  
Laurence K. H. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Wall Temperature ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Square Channel ◽  
Rod Bundle

An experiment has recently been performed at Xi’an Jiaotong University to study the wall temperature and pressure drop at supercritical pressures with upward flow of water inside a 2×2 rod bundle. A fuel-assembly simulator with four heated rods was installed inside a square channel with rounded corner. The outer diameter of each heated rod is 8 mm with an effective heated length of 600 mm. Experimental parameters covered the pressure of 23–28 MPa, mass flux of 350–1000 kg/m2s and heat flux on the rod surface of 200–1000 kW/m2. According to the experimental data, it was found that the circumferential wall temperature distribution of a heated rod is not uniform. The temperature difference between the maximum and the minimum varies with heat flux and/or mass flux. Heat transfer characteristics of supercritical water in bundle were discussed with respect to various heat fluxes. The effect of heat flux on heat transfer in rod bundles is similar with that in tubes or annuli. In addition, flow resistance reflected in the form of pressure loss has also been studied. Experimental results showed that the total pressure drop increases with bulk enthalpy and mass flux. Four heat transfer correlations developed for supercritical pressures water were compared with the present test data. Predictions of Jackson correlation agrees closely with the experimental data.

Experimental Study on Resistance Characteristics in a 3 × 3 Rod Bundle

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxing Yan ◽  
Changqi Yan ◽  
Licheng Sun ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Local Resistance ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Frictional Pressure Drop ◽  
Rod Bundle

Experimental study on resistance of air-water two-phase flow in a vertical 3 × 3 rod bundle was carried out under normal temperature and pressure. The rod diameter and pitch were 8 mm and 11 mm, respectively. The ranges of gas and liquid superficial velocity were 0.013∼3.763 m/s and 0.076∼1.792 m/s, respectively. The result indicated that the existing correlations for calculating frictional coefficient in the rod bundle and local resistance coefficient could not give favorable predictions on the single-phase experimental data. For the case of two-phase flow, eight correlations for calculating two-phase equivalent viscosity poorly predicted the frictional pressure drop, with the mean absolute errors around 60%. Meanwhile, the eight classical two-phase viscosity formulae were evaluated against the local pressure drop at spacer grid. It is shown that Dukler model predicted the experimental data well in the range of Rel<9000 while McAdams correlation was the best for Rel⩾9000. For all the experimental data, Dukler model provided the best prediction with MRE of 29.03%. Furthermore, approaches to calculate two-phase frictional pressure drop and local resistance were proposed by considering mass quality, two-phase Reynolds number and densities in homogenous flow model, resulting in a good agreement with the experimental data.

Pressure Drop Experiments of Liquid Sodium Flowing in a 7-Rod Bundle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandong Hou ◽  
Liu Wang ◽  
Yingwei Wu ◽  
Wenxi Tian ◽  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Mass Velocity ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Flux System ◽  
Rod Bundle ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
System Pressure

Pressure drop experiments was conducted for liquid sodium in an electrically heated 7-rod bundle. The electrically heated 7-rod bundle was placed in a hexagonal tube. In the experiment, the heat flux ranges from 0∼300 kw · m−2, mass velocity from 40∼450 kg · m−2 · s−1, system pressure from 10∼200 KPa and the average temperature of liquid sodium from 350∼650°C. The effects of the heat flux, system pressure and the average temperature of liquid sodium on the pressure drop was in-depth analyzed. A new correlation for pressure drop was developed based on the experimental data of liquid sodium in a 7-rod bundle.

Condensation of Refrigerant in a Multi-Port Channel

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Koyama ◽  
Ken Kuwahara ◽  
Koichi Nakashita
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Frictional Pressure Drop ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
Rectangular Channels

In the present paper, the local characteristics of pressure drop and heat transfer are investigated experimentally for the condensation of pure refrigerant R134a in four kinds of multi-port extruded aluminum tubes of about 1 mm in hydraulic diameter. Two tubes are composed of plane rectangular channels, while remaining two tubes are composed of rectangular channels with straight micro-fins. The experimental data of frictional pressure drop (FPD) and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) in plane tubes are compared with previous correlations, most of which are proposed for the condensation of pure refrigerant in a relatively large diameter tube. It is confirmed that parameters such as tube diameter, surface tension, free convection in FPD and HTC correlations should be taken into account more precisely. Considering the effects of surface tension and kinematic viscosity, new correlation of FPD is developed based on the Mishima-Hibiki correlation. New correlation of HTC is also developed modifying the effect of diameter in the correlation of Haraguchi et al. Both new correlations are compared with experimental data for tubes with micro-fins. Satisfactory agreement between experimental and predicted results is obtained. This means that the micro-fin effect is taken into account by using hydraulic diameter and the heat transfer enhancement effect of micro-fins is mainly due to the enlargement of heat transfer area.

scholarly journals Prediction and Measurement of Pressure Drop of Water Flowing in a Rectangular Microchannel

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mirmanto
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Rectangular Microchannel ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Poiseuille Number

This paper presents experimental results of pressure drop measurement and prediction of water flowing through a copper rectangular microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 437 µm. The aim of this work is to identify discrepancies between experimental data and macrochannel theory. An inlet temperature of 60oC was kept constant at the channel entrance and the experiments were performed with Reynolds numbers (based on the mean velocity and hydraulic diameter) ranging up to 4500.  The results show that the pressure drop prediction agrees with the theory. However, the trend of Poiseuille number with the Reynolds number was not constant for laminar flow. This could be due to the entrance effect. Moreover, the friction factor theory could predict the experimental data for turbulent flow. Thus, in this experiment, the theory for flow in macro passages is still applicable.

Modal Analysis of the Axial Compressor Blade: Advanced Time-Dependent Electronic Interferometry and Finite Element Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Tkach ◽  
Serhii Morhun ◽  
Yuri Zolotoy ◽  
Irina Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Vibration Modes ◽  
Compressor Blades ◽  
Isoparametric Finite Element

AbstractNatural frequencies and vibration modes of axial compressor blades are investigated. A refined mathematical model based on the usage of an eight-nodal curvilinear isoparametric finite element was applied. The verification of the model is carried out by finding the frequencies and vibration modes of a smooth cylindrical shell and comparing them with experimental data. A high-precision experimental setup based on an advanced method of time-dependent electronic interferometry was developed for this aim. Thus, the objective of the study is to verify the adequacy of the refined mathematical model by means of the advanced time-dependent electronic interferometry experimental method. The divergence of the results of frequency measurements between numerical calculations and experimental data does not exceed 5 % that indicates the adequacy and high reliability of the developed mathematical model. The developed mathematical model and experimental setup can be used later in the study of blades with more complex geometric and strength characteristics or in cases when the real boundary conditions or mechanical characteristics of material are uncertain.

Validating Numerical CFD Simulations With Experimental Data for Turbulence Phenomena in Axial Flow Gas Turbine Diffusers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrokh Zarifi-Rad ◽  
Hamid Vajihollahi ◽  
James O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pressure Profiles ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
Inlet Conditions

Scale models give engineers an excellent understanding of the aerodynamic behavior behind their design; nevertheless, scale models are time consuming and expensive. Therefore computer simulations such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are an excellent alternative to scale models. One must ask the question, how close are the CFD results to the actual fluid behavior of the scale model? In order to answer this question the engineering team investigated the performance of a large industrial Gas Turbine (GT) exhaust diffuser scale model with performance predicted by commercially available CFD software. The experimental results were obtained from a 1:12 scale model of a GT exhaust diffuser with a fixed row of blades to simulate the swirl generated by the last row of turbine blades five blade configurations. This work is to validate the effect of the turbulent inlet conditions on an axial diffuser, both on the experimental front and on the numerical analysis approach. The object of this work is to bring forward a better understanding of velocity and static pressure profiles along the gas turbine diffusers and to provide an accurate experimental data set to validate the CFD prediction. For the CFD aspect, ANSYS CFX software was chosen as the solver. Two different types of mesh (hexagonal and tetrahedral) will be compared to the experimental results. It is understood that hexagonal (HEX) meshes are more time consuming and more computationally demanding, they are less prone to mesh sensitivity and have the tendancy to converge at a faster rate than the tetrahedral (TET) mesh. It was found that the HEX mesh was able to generate more consistent results and had less error than TET mesh.

Numerical Investigation of a Fiber Web Effect on the Pressure Drop and Particles Collection in a Microchannel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Dastan ◽  
Omid Abouali
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Lagrangian Approach ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Eulerian Approach

In this paper pressure drop and particle deposition in a microchannel with a hydraulic diameter of 225 micrometer is investigated numerically. Several hundred micron length fibers caught at the entrance of the channels making a “fiber web” also is modeled in this research. Governing equations for the flow field are solved with an Eulerian approach while the equations of particle motion in the flow are solved by a Lagrangian approach. Assuming the symmetry in the domain, one channel and the corresponding plenum are studied in the computational domain. For studying the effects of fibers in the flow, two fiber webs with four and six solid fibers are studied. The increase of pressure drop in the microchannel because of the entrance fiber web is computed and discussed. Also deposition and collection of the particles with various diameters at the fiber webs are also presented.

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