Fuel Effects on the TF30 Engine (Alternate Test Procedure)

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-774
Author(s):  
P. A. Karpovich ◽  
A. I. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Alternate Test ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Effects

The objective of the Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) is to develop the capability to qualify new fuels for Navy aircraft use with a minimum of testing. The effect of fuel composition and properties on engine performance and component life has been show to vary significantly from one engine configuration to another. The P&WA approach to the ATP has been to define fuel effects on the TF30 engine and then apply the methodology to other engines of interest to the Navy. Investigations of the TF30 conducted under the ATP Program and other Navy and Air Force Contracts have produced one of the most complete fuel effect characterizations available for any gas turbine engine. Major fuel effects which have been quantified are the relationships of lubricity to main fuel control reliability, viscosity and volatility to main burner and augmentor ignition limits, and hydrogen content to smoke and combustor life. The effects of fuel properties and composition on combustion efficiency and elastomeric seal life were found to be of secondary importance. Remaining uncertainties are the effects of fuel properties on turbine life and fuel nozzle fouling rate.

scholarly journals Fuel Effects on the TF30 Engine (Alternate Test Procedure)

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Karpovich ◽  
A. I. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Test Procedure ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Main Burner ◽  
Alternate Test ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Effects

The objective of the Alternate Test Procedure (ATP) is to develop the capability to qualify new fuels for Navy aircraft use with a minimum of testing. The effect of fuel composition and properties on engine performance and component life has been shown to vary significantly from one engine configuration to another. The P&WA approach to the ATP has been to define fuel effects on the TF30 engine and then apply the methodology to other engines of interest to the Navy. Investigations of the TF30 conducted under the ATP Program and other Navy and Air Force Contracts have produced one of the most complete fuel effect characterizations available for any gas turbine engine. Major fuel effects which have been quantified are the relationships of lubricity to main fuel control reliability, viscosity and volatility to main burner and augmentor ignition limits, and hydrogen content to smoke and combustor life. The effects of fuel properties and composition on combustion efficiency and elastomeric seal life were found to be of secondary importance. Remaining uncertainties are the effects of fuel properties on turbine life and fuel nozzle fouling rate.

Experimental Analysis of an Ultra Compact Combustor Powered Turbine Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Bohan ◽  
Marc D. Polanka
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vanes ◽  
Length Reduction ◽  
Outside Diameter

Abstract The innovative Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) is an alternative to traditional turbine engine combustors and has been shown to reduce the combustor volume and offer potential improvements in combustion efficiency. Prior UCC configurations featured a circumferential combustion cavity positioned around the outside diameter (OD) of the engine. This configuration would be difficult to implement in a vehicle with a small, fixed diameter and had difficulty migrating the hot combustion products at the OD radially inward across an axial core flow to present a uniform temperature distribution to the first turbine stage. The present study experimentally tested a new UCC configuration that featured a circumferential cavity that exhausted axially into a dilution zone positioned just upstream of the nozzle guide vanes. The combustor was sized as a replacement burner for the JetCat P90 RXi small-scale turbine engine and fit inside the engine casing. This combustor configuration achieved a 33% length reduction compared to the stock JetCat combustor and achieved comparable engine performance across a limited operating range. Self-sustaining engine operation was achieved with a rotating compressor and turbine making this study the first to achieve operation of a UCC powered turbine engine.

Experimental Analysis of an Ultra-Compact Combustor Powered Turbine Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian T. Bohan ◽  
Marc D. Polanka
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Nozzle Guide ◽  
Nozzle Guide Vanes ◽  
Length Reduction

Abstract The innovative ultra-compact combustor (UCC) is an alternative to traditional turbine engine combustors and has been shown to reduce the combustor length and offer potential improvements in combustion efficiency. Prior UCC configurations featured a circumferential combustion cavity positioned around the outside diameter (OD) of the engine. This configuration would be difficult to implement in a vehicle with a small, fixed diameter and had difficulty migrating the hot combustion products at the OD radially inward across an axial core flow to present a uniform temperature distribution to the first turbine stage. This study draws from preliminary computational analysis which enabled experimental testing of a new UCC configuration that featured a smaller diameter circumferential cavity that exhausted axially into a dilution zone positioned just upstream of the nozzle guide vanes. The combustor was sized as a replacement burner for the JetCat P90 RXi small-scale turbine engine and fit inside the engine casing. This combustor configuration achieved a 33% length reduction compared to the stock JetCat combustor and achieved comparable engine performance across a limited operating range. Self-sustained engine operation was achieved with a rotating compressor and turbine making this study the first to achieve operation of a UCC-powered turbine engine.

scholarly journals The Evaluation of Fuel Property Effects on Air Force Gas Turbine Engines Program Genesis

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fuel Property ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Fuel Effects ◽  
System Selection

The Air Force has conducted a series of investigations to quantify the effects of certain fuel properties on the operability and durability of its aircraft gas turbine engines. Initially these efforts were conducted on a small number of engines intended to be representative of the majority of gas turbine engines in the Air Force inventory. The testing was conducted exclusively in rigs representing the combustor and fuel nozzle components of these engines of interest. Test fuels for these programs were primarily blends of hydrocarbons. These test fuels exhibited significant variations in several major fuel properties. Based on results of these evaluations a second generation of test activity in fuel effects area was formulated. Engine system selection was broadened to include more considerations. Test fuels were reduced in number and priorities for modification of certain fuel properties were adjusted. This paper presents dominant test results of early fuel effects programs and supplemental background which dictated the structure of the second, more comprehensive program.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fuel Composition on Hot Section Performance of a Gas Turbine Engine

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Transfer Number ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Turboshaft Engine ◽  
Alternate Fuels ◽  
Combustor Liner ◽  
Effect Test

The combustor system of an AVCO Lycoming T53-L-13B turboshaft engine was tested to identify fuel properties detrimental to engine performance or hot section durability, and to measure their effect. Test fuels were characteristic of current and near-term alternate fuels for military aircraft. Relations were developed for altitude ignition, particulate emissions, combustion efficiency, and combustor liner life. Fuel hydrogen content was found to be an important consideration for particulates and combustor liner life, while fuel viscosity, density and mass transfer number were important to idle efficiency and altitude ignition.

Fuel Effects on Gas Turbine Combustion—Ignition, Stability, and Combustion Efficiency

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Sponsored Programs ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Fuel Effects

An analytical study is made of the substantial body of experimental data acquired during recent Wright-Patterson Aero Propulsion Laboratory sponsored programs on the effects of fuel properties on the performance and reliability of several gas turbine combustors, including J79-17A, J79–17C (Smokeless), F101, TF41, TF39, J85, TF33, and F100. Quantitative relationships are derived between certain key aspects of combustion, notably combustion efficiency, lean blowout limits and lean light-off limits, and the relevant fuel properties, combustor design features, and combustor operating conditions. It is concluded that combustion efficiency, lean blowout limits, and lean lightoff limits are only slightly dependent on fuel chemistry, but are strongly influenced by the physical fuel properties that govern atomization quality and spray evaporation rates.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of the influences of nanoparticles as a fuel additive in an internal combustion engine (ICE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1326-1349
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Akmal Yusof ◽  
Nor Azwadi Che Sidik ◽  
Yutaka Asako ◽  
Wan Mohd. Arif Aziz Japar ◽  
Saiful Bahri Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Research Findings

Abstract Nanofluid is a colloidal mixture consisting of nano-sized particles dispersed in a liquid medium. It improves heat transfer properties and promotes high energy efficiency in a wide spectrum of engineering applications. In recent years, particularly in the automotive industry, the addition of nanofluid in diesel/biodiesel as an additive for ICE has become an attractive approach to promote enhanced combustion efficiency and emission reduction due to their superior thermophysical properties. Many researchers have previously demonstrated that the addition of nanoparticles in diesel/biodiesel fuel improved the overall engine combustion characteristics. As a whole, this study aims to summarize the recent research findings related to the effect of nanoparticles on the fuel properties and engine combustion efficiency. Furthermore, different types of additive blended with varying fuel properties are also compared and discussed. Lastly, the advantages and prospects of using nanofluid as an additive fuel are summarized for future research opportunities.

scholarly journals A Review on the Thermochemical Recycling of Waste Tyres to Oil for Automobile Engine Application

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Jahirul ◽  
Farhad M. Hossain ◽  
Mohammad G. Rasul ◽  
Ashfaque Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Automobile Engines ◽  
Direct Use

Utilising pyrolysis as a waste tyre processing technology has various economic and social advantages, along with the fact that it is an effective conversion method. Despite extensive research and a notable likelihood of success, this technology has not yet seen implementation in industrial and commercial settings. In this review, over 100 recent publications are reviewed and summarised to give attention to the current state of global tyre waste management, pyrolysis technology, and plastic waste conversion into liquid fuel. The study also investigated the suitability of pyrolysis oil for use in diesel engines and provided the results on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics. Most studies show that discarded tyres can yield 40–60% liquid oil with a calorific value of more than 40 MJ/kg, indicating that they are appropriate for direct use as boiler and furnace fuel. It has a low cetane index, as well as high viscosity, density, and aromatic content. According to diesel engine performance and emission studies, the power output and combustion efficiency of tyre pyrolysis oil are equivalent to diesel fuel, but engine emissions (NOX, CO, CO, SOX, and HC) are significantly greater in most circumstances. These findings indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil is not suitable for direct use in commercial automobile engines, but it can be utilised as a fuel additive or combined with other fuels.

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