Development of a Dry Low NOx Combustor for a 120-MW Gas Turbine

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Aoyama ◽  
S. Mandai
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Combustion Tests ◽  
Full Pressure

Two stage premixed combustor with variable geometry has been developed to meet stringent NOx goals in Japan without the use of water or steam injection. This combustion system is planned to be applied for 120-MW gas turbine in 1090-MW LNG combined cycle plant. The full-pressure, full-scale combustion tests were conducted over a wide range of operating conditions for this gas turbine. The combustion tests proved that NOx levels as well as mechanical characteristics were well within the goals.

Operational Flexibility of GE’s F-Class Gas Turbines With the DLN2.6+ Combustion System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. York ◽  
Derrick W. Simons ◽  
Yongqiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Operational Flexibility ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Base Load

F-class gas turbines comprise a major part of the heavy-duty gas turbine power generation fleet worldwide, despite increasing penetration of H/J class turbines. F-class gas turbines see a wide range of applications, including simple cycle peaking operation, base load combined cycle, demand following in simple or combined cycle, and cogeneration. Because of the different applications, local power market dynamics, and varied emissions regulations by region or jurisdiction, there is a need for operational flexibility of the gas turbine and the combustion system. In 2015, GE introduced a DLN2.6+ combustion system for new and existing 7F gas turbines. Approximately 50 are now in operation on 7F.04 and 7F.05 turbines, combining for nearly 150,000 fired hours. The system has been demonstrated to deliver 5 ppm NOx emissions @ 15% O2, and it exhibits a wide window of operation without significant thermoacoustic instabilities, owing the capability to premixed pilot flames on the main swirl fuel-air premixers, low system residence time, and air path improvements. Based on the success on the 7F, this combustion system is being applied to the 6F.03 in 2018. This paper highlights the flexibility of the 7F and 6F.03 DLN2.6+ combustion system and the enabling technology features. The advanced OpFlex* AutoTune control system tightly controls NOx emissions, adjusts fuel splits to stay clear of instabilities, and gives operators the ability to prioritize emissions or peak load output. Because of the low-NOx capability of the system, it is often being pushed to higher combustor exit temperatures, 35°C or more above the original target. The gas turbine is still meeting 9 or 15 ppm NOx emissions while delivering nearly 12% additional output in some cases. Single-can rig test and engine field test results show a relatively gentle NOx increase over the large range of combustor exit temperature because of the careful control of the premixed pilot fuel split. The four fuel legs are staged in several modes during startup and shutdown to provide robust operation with fast loading capability and low starting emissions, which are shown with engine data. The performance of a turndown-only fueling mode is highlighted with engine measurements of CO at low load. In this mode, the center premixer is not fueled, trading the NOx headroom for a CO emissions benefit that improves turndown. The combustion system has also demonstrated wide-Wobbe capability in emissions compliance. 7F.04 engine NOx and dynamics data are presented with the target heated gas fuel and also with cold fuel, producing a 24% increase in Modified Wobbe Index. The ability to run unheated fuel at base load may reduce the start-up time for a combined cycle plant. Lastly, there is a discussion of a new OpFlex* Variable Load Path digital solution in development that will allow operators to customize the start-up of a combined cycle plant.

Exploration of Compact Combustors for Reheat Cycle Aero Engine Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zelina ◽  
D. T. Shouse ◽  
J. S. Stutrud ◽  
G. J. Sturgess ◽  
W. M. Roquemore
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Wide Range

An aero gas turbine engine has been proposed that uses a near-constant-temperature (NCT) cycle and an Inter-Turbine Burner (ITB) to provide large amounts of power extraction from the low-pressure turbine. This level of energy is achieved with a modest temperature rise across the ITB. The additional energy can be used to power a large geared fan for an ultra-high bypass ratio transport aircraft, or to drive an alternator for large amounts of electrical power extraction. Conventional gas turbines engines cannot drive ultra-large diameter fans without causing excessively high turbine temperatures, and cannot meet high power extraction demands without a loss of engine thrust. Reducing the size of the combustion system is key to make use of a NCT gas turbine cycle. Ultra-compact combustor (UCC) concepts are being explored experimentally. These systems use high swirl in a circumferential cavity about the engine centerline to enhance reaction rates via high cavity g-loading on the order of 3000 g’s. Any increase in reaction rate can be exploited to reduce combustor volume. The UCC design integrates compressor and turbine features which will enable a shorter and potentially less complex gas turbine engine. This paper will present experimental data of the Ultra-Compact Combustor (UCC) performance in vitiated flow. Vitiation levels were varied from 12–20% oxygen levels to simulate exhaust from the high pressure turbine (HPT). Experimental results from the ITB at atmospheric pressure indicate that the combustion system operates at 97–99% combustion efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions burning JP-8 +100 fuel. Flame lengths were extremely short, at about 50% of those seen in conventional systems. A wide range of operation is possible with lean blowout fuel-air ratio limits at 25–50% below the value of current systems. These results are significant because the ITB only requires a small (300°F) temperature rise for optimal power extraction, leading to operation of the ITB at near-lean-blowout limits of conventional combustor designs. This data lays the foundation for the design space required for future engine designs.

Extension of Fuel Flexibility by Combining Intelligent Control Methods for Siemens SGT-400 Dry Low Emission Combustion System

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kexin Liu ◽  
Phill Hubbard ◽  
Suresh Sadasivuni ◽  
Ghenadie Bulat
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Combustion Dynamics ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Flexibility ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
The Impact

Extension of gas fuel flexibility of a current production SGT-400 industrial gas turbine combustor system is reported in this paper. A SGT-400 engine with hybrid combustion system configuration to meet a customer's specific requirements was string tested. This engine was tested with the gas turbine package driver unit and the gas compressor-driven unit to operate on and switch between three different fuels with temperature-corrected Wobbe index (TCWI) varying between 45 MJ/m3, 38 MJ/m3, and 30 MJ/m3. The alteration of fuel heating value was achieved by injection or withdrawal of N2 into or from the fuel system. The results show that the engine can maintain stable operation on and switching between these three different fuels with fast changeover rate of the heating value greater than 10% per minute without shutdown or change in load condition. High-pressure rig tests were carried out to demonstrate the capabilities of the combustion system at engine operating conditions across a wide range of ambient conditions. Variations of the fuel heating value, with Wobbe index (WI) of 30 MJ/Sm3, 33 MJ/Sm3, 35 MJ/Sm3, and 45 MJ/Sm3 (natural gas, NG) at standard conditions, were achieved by blending NG with CO2 as diluent. Emissions, combustion dynamics, fuel pressure, and flashback monitoring via measurement of burner metal temperatures, were the main parameters used to evaluate the impact of fuel flexibility on combustor performance. Test results show that NOx emissions decrease as the fuel heating value is reduced. Also note that a decreasing fuel heating value leads to a requirement to increase the fuel supply pressure. Effect of fuel heating value on combustion was investigated, and the reduction in adiabatic flame temperature and laminar flame speed was observed for lower heating value fuels. The successful development program has increased the capability of the SGT-400 standard production dry low emissions (DLE) burner configuration to operate with a range of fuels covering a WI corrected to the normal conditions from 30 MJ/N·m3 to 49 MJ/N·m3. The tests results obtained on the Siemens SGT-400 combustion system provide significant experience for industrial gas turbine burner design for fuel flexibility.

Performance and Cost Characteristics of Combined Cycles Integrated With Second Generation Gasification Systems

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Shah ◽  
D. J. Ahner ◽  
G. R. Fox ◽  
M. J. Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Cost Characteristics

The performance of combined cycle power plants integrated with advanced air- and oxygen-blown entrained gasification systems as well as with advanced oxygen-blown fixed bed gasifiers will be presented. The performance and cost of such plants using near-term gas turbine technology will be compared to the performance of conventional coal-fired steam plants with FGD. The integrated combined cycle plant appears attractive at today’s gas turbine firing temperatures. Further benefits from advanced gas turbine operating conditions on the performance and economics of such plants and the rationale for these performance trends will be discussed.

Design, Development and Operational Experience of the ALSTOM’s 13.4MW Cyclone Gas Turbine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian M. Igoe ◽  
Martin McGurry
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Design Development ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shaft Power ◽  
Engine Testing

The Cyclone industrial gas turbine was launched in 1997 and entered commercial operation in 2000. Rated at 13.4MW and with a thermal efficiency in excess of 35% (at ISO operating conditions), the Cyclone was configured as a twin-shaft engine derivative of the Tempest Gas turbine, to meet both power generation and mechanical drive applications. This paper describes the design, development and early operational experience of the Cyclone gas turbine. The design aspects include features, which are common with other products within the ALSTOM product range, those that have been developed out of technology programmes, and those scaled from existing parts. Details are presented of the compressor construction, where a “zero” stage has been added to the Tempest rotor, and coupled with an increase in firing temperature, has resulted in the increase in power output. A two stage overhung compressor turbine, includes cooled blading technology to both stages. A separate free power turbine is based on a scale version of the Typhoon twin-shaft power turbine. The Cyclone includes the ALSTOM, Dry Low Emissions combustion system as standard and is able to operate on a wide range of fuels, in single or dual fuel configurations. The combustion system is based on the proven, generic system first introduced into the Typhoon. The result of engine testing has resulted in the release of both the Cyclone, and the Tempest, with sub 10ppmvd NOx (corrected to 15% O2). The first Cyclone engines entered service in the autumn of 2000, in a co-generation facility in Australia. Described in this paper are the early operating experiences, and the evaluation of a large amount of site data that has been recorded. Included in this section is information on issues that have had to be addressed during the first 8000 hours of operation.

Paper 9: Combustion Aspects of Industrially Applied Aero Gas Turbines

1968 ◽  
Vol 183 (14) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
G. Pilkington ◽  
D. R. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combustion Technology

This paper concentrates on the combustion experience gained by the application of the Rolls-Royce Avon aero gas turbine to industrial usage and each of the following subjects is considered in detail. A brief summary of the design philosophy which has dictated the configuration of the basic aero combustion equipment. The particular implications of industrial operation as this affects the combustion system. This includes the effect of different fuels and operation for long periods in a ground level environment. The operational problems experienced to date with the basic aero equipment and the design and development work undertaken to overcome them. These problems comprise frettage, flare distortion, smoke output, starting, corrosion and combustion stability. The design and development of an improved system, now under way, which will be capable of satisfactory operation with a wide range of liquid or gaseous fuels without component change. The use of steam injection into the combustion system as a means of improving overall cycle efficiency. Consideration of the range of industrial fuels available, from diluted gases to distillate and residual oils, and their suitability for gas turbine usage. Future trends in combustion technology.

scholarly journals Validation of a Simulation Model for a Combined Otto and Stirling Cycle Power Plant

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim McGovern ◽  
Barry Cullen ◽  
Michel Feidt ◽  
Stoian Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Stirling Cycle ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant

A project has been underway at the Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT) to investigate the feasibility of a combined Otto and Stirling cycle power plant in which a Stirling cycle engine would serve as a bottoming cycle for a stationary Otto cycle engine. This type of combined cycle plant is considered to have good potential for industrial use. This paper describes work by DIT and collaborators to validate a computer simulation model of the combined cycle plant. In investigating the feasibility of the type of combined cycle that is proposed there are a range of practical realities to be faced and addressed. Reliable performance data for the component engines are required over a wide range of operating conditions, but there are practical difficulties in accessing such data. A simulation model is required that is sufficiently detailed to represent all important performance aspects and that is capable of being validated. Thermodynamicists currently employ a diverse range of modeling, analysis and optimization techniques for the component engines and the combined cycle. These techniques include traditional component and process simulation, exergy analysis, entropy generation minimization, exergoeconomics, finite time thermodynamics and finite dimensional optimization thermodynamics methodology (FDOT). In the context outlined, the purpose of the present paper is to come up with a practical validation of a practical computer simulation model of the proposed combined Otto and Stirling Cycle Power Plant.

Performance Simulation of a Combined Cycle Power Generation System With Steam Injection in the Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Law ◽  
B. V. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Work Output ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion

In the present work the effect of steam injection in the gas turbine combustion chamber is investigated on gas turbine and steam turbine work output and on thermal efficiency of the combined cycle power plant. The operating conditions investigated include gas turbine pressure ratio and gas turbine inlet temperature. The steam injection decreases the steam cycle output and boosts the gas cycle output and the net combined cycle work output and thermal efficiency significantly.

Flue Gas Recirculation of the Alstom Sequential Gas Turbine Combustor Tested at High Pressure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Guethe ◽  
Dragan Stankovic ◽  
Franklin Genin ◽  
Khawar Syed ◽  
Dieter Winkler
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Flue Gas Recirculation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Concerning the efforts in reducing the impact of fossil fuel combustion on climate change for power production utilizing gas turbine engines Flue Gas Recirculation (FGR) in combination with post combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) is one promising approach. In this technique part of the flue gas is recirculated and introduced back into the compressor inlet reducing the flue gas flow (to the CCS) and increasing CO2 concentrations. Therefore FGR has a direct impact on the efficiency and size of the CO2 capture plant, with significant impact on the total cost. However, operating a GT under depleted O2 and increased CO2 conditions extends the range of normal combustor experience into a new regime. High pressure combustion tests were performed on a full scale single burner reheat combustor high-pressure test rig. The impact of FGR on NOx and CO emissions is analyzed and discussed in this paper. While NOx emissions are reduced by FGR, CO emissions increase due to decreasing O2 content although the SEV reheat combustor could be operated without problem over a wide range of operating conditions and FGR. A mechanism uncommon for GTs is identified whereby CO emissions increase at very high FGR ratios as stoichiometric conditions are approached. The feasibility to operate Alstom’s reheat engine (GT24/GT26) under FGR conditions up to high FGR ratios is demonstrated. FGR can be seen as continuation of the sequential combustion system which already uses a combustor operating in vitiated air conditions. Particularly promising is the increased flexibility of the sequential combustion system allowing to address the limiting factors for FGR operation (stability and CO emissions) through separated combustion chambers.

Ansaldo Energia Gas Turbine Operating Experience With Low BTU Fuels

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Bonzani ◽  
Giacomo Pollarolo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Process Modification ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Burner Design

The Gas Turbine market for low BTU fuels has become very important in Italy in the last decade mainly due to the chance for the private utilities to sell power to the grid at higher rates according to a national law (CIP6/1992) specifically dealing with recovery fuel use for gas turbine power generation. Ansaldo Energia has been engaged in three low BTU fuel projects in Italy dealing respectively with IGCC technology and steel mill fuel gas. Each of these plants has its own features which all in all gives a wide range of experiences in development and operation of gas turbine fired with low BTU fuels. The first project is the ISAB Priolo IGCC plant, whereas two V94.2K manufactured by Ansaldo Energia are in operation burning syngas from residual refinery gasification since 1999. Since the presence of fuel impurities coming from the gasifier a new design phase and a test campaign has been necessary to re-design the syngas burner, originally developed by Siemens PG, in order to overcome this problems. The engines are now successfully operating. The second project is the Elettra Servola combined cycle plant whereas a V94.2K manufactured by Ansaldo Energia is in operation since 2000 burning a mixture of steel mill gas and natural gas. During the successfully operation some burner design optimisation has been required in order to meet the industrial process modification. The third project is the ENIPower Ferrera Erbognone IGCC plant is under realisation and the relevant first firing will be expected on next January 2004. The syngas burner test campaign carried out has shown very promising results that have to be confirmed on site. The paper is showing the combustion concept relevant to the combustion system and is giving an overview about the operating experience achieved by Ansaldo Energia in this field mainly focusing on how the main critical aspects have been faced and overcome.

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