The Effect of Hydrocarbon Structure Upon Fuel Sooting Tendency in a Turbulent Spray Diffusion Flame

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Bowden ◽  
J. H. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Kinetic Scheme ◽  
Aromatic Rings ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Single Ring ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

The sooting tendencies of various hydrocarbon structures have been studied in a model gas turbine combustor at a pressure of 0.35 MPa and a preheated air temperature of 530 K. The results of this study have indicated that the sooting tendencies of fuels containing only single ring aromatics, fused bicyclic saturates, and unsaturated nonaromatics will be related to the overall hydrogen content of the fuel. However, experimental fuel blends with high concentrations (> 20 percent wt) of naphthalenes or tetralins exhibit sooting properties that are dependent upon the presence of such components. It is suggested that a kinetic scheme utilizing aromatic rings as nuclei upon which reactive fragments may stabilize can explain the present results.

The Influence of Fuel Hydrogen Content Upon Soot Formation in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. Bowden ◽  
J. H. Pearson ◽  
R. J. Wetton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hydrogen Content ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatics ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Absorption Measurements

The sooting tendencies of various fuel blends containing either single-ring or polycyclic aromatics have been studied in a model gas turbine combustor at a pressure of 1.0 MPa and varying values of air/fuel ratio. Sooting tendencies were determined by flame radiation, exhaust soot, and infra-red absorption measurements. The results of this study have indicated that, even for fuels containing high concentrations of naphthalenes or tetralins (> 10 percent v), fuel total hydrogen content correlates well with fuel sooting tendency. The present results are explained by a hypothesis that assumes that the majority of soot is formed in regions of high temperature, low oxygen content, and low fuel concentration, e.g., the recirculation zone.

scholarly journals Design and Operation of Low-NOx Combustors With Medium Heating Value, Coal-Derived Gas

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Grant ◽  
T. E. Holladay ◽  
F. H. Boenig ◽  
R. L. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Diffusion Flame ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
High Concentrations

Industrial turbines fired on medium heating value (MHV) gas (nominally 300 Btu/scf) synthesized from coal offer an attractive alternative means of producing electrical power in the future. Peak flame temperatures resulting from combustion of this MHV gas in conventional diffusion flame combustors may be comparable to those of natural gas, yielding undesirably high concentrations of NOx. This paper describes an EPRI-sponsored program conducted to demonstrate a MHV gas turbine combustor capable of meeting EPA NOx requirements without water injection. Program objectives were to design, fabricate, and test three MHV combustor configurations and to demonstrate NOx emissions concentrations of 15 ppmv (dry basis) or less at a burner inlet pressure of 1.27 atm: Design of the combustors was based on a lean-premix fuel metering concept. Tests were conducted in a single-can combustor rig at simulated engine conditions ranging from 40 to 125 percent of engine baseload (74 MW).

scholarly journals Active Control Application to a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Brouwer ◽  
B. A. Ault ◽  
J. E. Bobrow ◽  
G. S. Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Control ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Radiative Flux ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Control Computer ◽  
Loop Feedback ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Control Application

Closed-loop feedback control, developed in a axisymmetric can combustor, is demonstrated in a model can combustor with discrete wall jets. The study represents the initial steps toward the application of feedback control technology to practical gas turbine combustion systems. For the present application, the radiative flux from soot particulate is used as an indication of combustor performance, and nozzle atomizing air is selected as the input parameter. A measurement of radiative flux at the exit plane of the combustor is conveyed to a control computer which invokes an optimization algorithm to determine changes in the dome region necessary to minimize the radiative flux from soot. The results demonstrate the utility and potential of active control for maintaining optimal performance in real-time.

scholarly journals The Effect of Discrete Pilot Hydrogen Dopant Injection on the Lean Blowout Performance of a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh Nguyen ◽  
Scott Samuelsen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Lean Blowout ◽  
Lean Combustion ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor

In view of increasingly stringent NOx emissions regulations on stationary gas turbines, lean combustion offers an attractive option to reduce reaction temperatures and thereby decrease NOx production. Under lean operation, however, the reaction is vulnerable to blowout. It is herein postulated that pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, can enhance the lean blowout performance without sacrificing overall performance. The present study addresses this hypothesis in a research combustor assembly, operated at atmospheric pressure, and fired on natural gas using rapid mixing injection, typical of commercial units. Five hydrogen injector scenarios are investigated. The results show that (1) pilot hydrogen dopant injection, discretely located, leads to improved lean blowout performance and (2) the location of discrete injection has a significant impact on the effectiveness of the doping strategy.

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