Frictional Pressure Losses for Single-Phase and Two-Phase Flow of Drilling Muds

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Elfaghi ◽  
J. P. Langlinais ◽  
A. T. Bourgoyne ◽  
W. R. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rheological Models ◽  
Bingham Plastic ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Drilling Muds

The vertical flow of mud and gas-mud mixtures in long pipes is of interest in the design and operation of subsea well control equipment where long choke lines are required. Heretofore, the question of two-phase flow of non-Newtonian drilling muds has not been investigated experimentally in full-scale well systems. Frictional-pressure losses were measured in a 2 3/8-in., 3000-ft long, vertical tubing when flowing drilling mud alone, and flowing mud-gas mixtures. The single-phase data was compared to values predicted by both the Bingham plastic and power law rheological models, which are commonly used to describe non-Newtonian fluids. The multiphase pressure loss data were used to evaluate various published correlation techniques.

Frictional Pressure Losses for Annular Flow of Drilling Mud and Mud-Gas Mixtures

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlinais ◽  
A. T. Bourgoyne ◽  
W. R. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Bingham Plastic ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Annular Geometry

The calculation of single-phase and two-phase flowing pressure gradients in a well annulus is generally based on an extension of empirical correlations developed for Newtonian fluids in circular pipes. Various techniques for extending pipe flow correlations to an annular geometry have been presented in the literature which involve the representation of the annular well geometry with an equivalent circular diameter and the representation of non-Newtonian fluid behavior with an apparent Newtonian viscosity. Unfortunately, little experimental data have been available which would allow a comparison of the relative accuracy of the various proposed techniques. In this study, experimental pressure gradient data have been taken in two 6000-ft wells. Frictional pressure losses for single-phase flow (mud only) in two annuli were compared to values predicted by the Bingham plastic and power law models. These calculations utilized the equivalent diameters defined by the Crittendon criteria, the hydraulic diameter, and the slot approximation. Also, total pressure difference for two-phase flow was measured for one annular geometry. This data was compared to that predicted by the Poettmann and Carpenter, Hagedorn and Brown, Orkiszewski, and Beggs and Brill correlations. Comparison of experimental data with the various prediction techniques was favorable, each having advantage in certain situations. For the data investigated, the Crittendon criteria using a Bingham plastic model gave the best results. The two-phase flow data was best predicted by the Hagedorn and Brown correlation utilizing an equivalent hydraulic diameter.

Two-Phase Flow in Liquid Filled Vessels During the Depressurization by Periodic Venting

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Mewes ◽  
Dirk Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Liquid Flows

Pressurized chemical reactors or storage vessels are often partly filled with liquid mixtures of reacting components. In case of an unexpected and uncontrolled exothermic reaction the temperature might increase. By this the pressure follows and would exceed a critical maximum value if there would be no mechanism to decrease the pressure and the temperature in a very short period of time. A sudden venting by the opening of a safety valve or a rupture disc causes a rapid vaporization of the reacting liquid mixture. A two-phase flow will pass the ventline. Since two-phase gas-liquid flows cause high pressure losses and give rise to limited mass flows leaving the reactor, single-phase gas flows are preferred. This is emphasized by a periodic venting mechanism of the pressurized vessel. Each time the two-phase flow from the bubbling-up liquid inside the vessel reaches a certain cross-section close the entrance of the ventline. The outlet-valve is closed. Inside the vessel the increasing pressure stops the two-phase flow and only single phase flow is leaving the vessel. The two-phase bubbly flow inside the vessel is detected by a tomographic measurement device during the venting process. Experimental results for local and time dependant phase void fractions as well as pressures are compared with those obtained by numerical calculations of the instationary bubble swarm behavior inside the vessel.

Pressure losses of two-phase flow in a variable-diameter tube

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
V. N. Novozhilov ◽  
D. A. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Variable Diameter

Experimental Study on Heat Transfer of Single-Phase Flow and Boiling Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Narrow Annuli

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
Minoru Takahashi ◽  
Guanghui Su ◽  
Dounan Jia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Annular Channel ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Single Phase Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Narrow Annuli ◽  
Narrow Gaps

Water single-phase and nucleate boiling heat transfer were experimentally investigated in vertical annuli with narrow gaps. The experimental data about water single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow heat transfer in narrow annular channel were accumulated by two test sections with the narrow gaps of 1.0mm and 1.5mm. Empirical correlations to predict the heat transfer of the single-phase flow and boiling two-phase flow in the narrow annular channel were obtained, which were arranged in the forms of the Dittus-Boelter for heat transfer coefficients in a single-phase flow and the Jens-Lottes formula for a boiling two-phase flow in normal tubes, respectively. The mechanism of the difference between the normal channel and narrow annular channel were also explored. From experimental results, it was found that the turbulent heat transfer coefficients in narrow gaps are nearly the same to the normal channel in the experimental range, and the transition Reynolds number from a laminar flow to a turbulent flow in narrow annuli was much lower than that in normal channel, whereas the boiling heat transfer in narrow annular gap was greatly enhanced compared with the normal channel.

Modeling of Sodium Two-Phase Flow With the TRACE Code

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Chenu ◽  
Konstantin Mikityuk ◽  
Rakesh Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Fluid Models ◽  
Code System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Flows ◽  
Transfer Mechanisms ◽  
Two Fluid

In the framework of PSI’s FAST code system, the TRACE thermal-hydraulics code is being extended for representation of sodium two-phase flow. As the currently available version (v.5) is limited to the simulation of only single-phase sodium flow, its applicability range is not enough to study the behavior of a Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR) during a transient in which boiling is anticipated. The work reported here concerns the extension of the two-fluid models, which are available in TRACE for steam-water, to sodium two-phase flow simulation. The conventional correlations for ordinary gas-liquid flows are used as basis, with optional correlations specific to liquid metal when necessary. A number of new models for representation of the constitutive equations specific to sodium, with a particular emphasis on the interfacial transfer mechanisms, have been implemented and compared with the original closure models. As a first application, the extended TRACE code has been used to model experiments that simulate a loss-of-flow (LOF) accident in a SFR. The comparison of the computed results, with both the experimental data and SIMMER-III code predictions, has enabled validation of the capability of the modified TRACE code to predict sodium boiling onset, flow regimes, dryout, flow reversal, etc. The performed study is a first-of-a-kind application of the TRACE code to two-phase sodium flow. Other integral experiments are planned to be simulated to further develop and validate the two-phase sodium flow methodology.

Axial Mixing in a Novel Perforated Plate Bubble Column

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dhanasekaran ◽  
T. Karunanithi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Condition ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Liquid Velocity ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dispersion Number ◽  
Superficial Liquid Velocity

This investigation reports the experimental and theoretical results carried out to evaluate the axial dispersion number for an air-water system in a novel hybrid rotating and reciprocating perforated plate bubble column for single phase and two phase flow conditions. Axial dispersion studies are carried out using stimulus response technique. Sodium hydroxide solution is used as the tracer. Effects of superficial liquid velocity, agitation level and superficial gas velocity on axial dispersion number were analyzed and found to be significant. For the single phase (water) flow condition, it is found that the main variables affecting the axial dispersion number are the agitation level and superficial liquid velocity. When compared to the agitation level, the effect of superficial liquid velocity on axial dispersion number is more predominant. The increase in superficial liquid velocity decreases the axial dispersion number. The same trend is shown by agitation level but the effect is less. The rotational movement of the perforated plates enhances the radial mixing in the section; hence, axial dispersion number is reduced. For the two phase flow condition, the increase in superficial liquid velocity decreases the axial dispersion number, as reported in the single phase flow condition. The increase in agitation level decreases the axial dispersion number, but this decreasing trend is non-linear. An increase in superficial gas velocity increases the axial dispersion number. Correlations have been developed for axial dispersion number for single phase and two phase flow conditions. The correlation values are found to concur with the experimental values.

Effects of Quenching Heat Preserving Time on Structure and Properties of Boron-Containing High-Cr White Cast Iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Cun Lai Zhang ◽  
Qi Bin Xin
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Backward Facing Step ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Air Drilling ◽  
Annular Pipe

Air drilling technology has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration, coal, geothermal, geological exploration, nuclear industry and other fields due to its high drilling rate and low cost. However, the design of the pneumatic conveying system for the mineral detritus is still largely based on empiricism. The paper was set in the background of gas drilling, mainly studied the gas-solids two-phase flow characteristics in 90 degree bent annular pipe and backward-facing step of an annular pipe, which are very important parts of air drilling. They refer to the bent part and backward-facing step of an annular channel formed by the drill pipe and the borehole wall. A detailed numerical simulation and experimental studies were carried out for the flow structure and pressure losses of gas-solid two-phase in the annular pipe of gas drilling. Since a unified theory has not been developed for the two-phase flow in annular pipe, a lot of experimental work should be conducted. In the experimental research, the paper independently designed and built an annular pipe pneumatic conveying system with 90 degree bend and backward-facing step, including designing material screw feeder, material receiving hopper, pipeline, control system, data acquisition system, and etc. As known, many parameters, such as gas velocity, diameter and density of the particle, and solids loading ratio, can influence the conveying process. How these primordial influence factors act on the pressure losses of two-phase flow in annular pipe was analyzed in this paper. In the numerical simulation research, turbulent two-phase flow calculations were performed with a commercial CFD computer code referred to as FLUENT to study the gas-solid two phase flow in the sections of backward-facing step and 90 degree bent pipe respectively by using Euler-Lagrange method. The RNG κ-ε model and stochastic tracking were involved in the calculation of turbulence dispersion of two phases. The discrete phase model was performed for the solid phase. In the end, the numerical study 3-D results were translated to 1-D results using the standard averaging transformation to compare with experimental results. Predicted results obtained for pressure drop and velocity variations in full developed flows in the cases examined are in good qualitative agreement and are not in quantitative agreement with experimental data. The deviations between the simulations and experimental data lie in the range of 20%-30%. These results suggest commercial CFD codes such as FLUENT can be used productively for investigations into gas-solid two-phase flow phenomena and as an aid in pneumatic conveying design. The studies of the two-phase flow characteristics in the paper will contribute to reliable determination of the optimal condition of pneumatic conveying in gas drilling.

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