scholarly journals Compound Hybrid Geothermal-Fossil Power Plants: Thermodynamic Analyses and Site-Specific Applications

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald DiPippo ◽  
Eileen A. DiPippo ◽  
Joseph Kestin ◽  
H. E. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Geothermal Power ◽  
The One

In this paper, we extend the analysis of hybrid fossil-geothermal power plants to compound systems which combine the features of the two previously analyzed hybrid plants, the geothermal preheat and the fossil superheat systems. Compound systems of the one- and two-stage type are considered. A complete summary of formulae to assess the performance of the plants is included for completeness. From the viewpoint of thermodynamics, compound hybrid plants are superior to individual all-geothermal and all-fossil plants, and have certain advantages over basic geothermal-preheat and fossil-superheat hybrid plants. The flexibility of compound hybrid systems is illustrated by showing how such plants might be used at several geothermal sites in the western United States.

scholarly journals Boundary-Included Enhanced Water Storage Changes Inferred by GPS in the Pacific Rim of the Western United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Yingchun Shen ◽  
Haoming Yan ◽  
Peng Peng ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Zizhan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Pacific Rim ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Terrestrial Water ◽  
The One

We developed a new boundary-included inversion model to improve the terrestrial water storage (TWS) inverted from regional GPS vertical deformation data. Through defining a new disc load empirical function (DLEF) and considering the mass change effect from the near but outside region, the result shows the TWS is more reasonable than the one inverted directly. Six simulation tests further confirmed the effectiveness of the boundary-included model. Finally, our new boundary-included model was used to derive the TWS in the Pacific Rim of the western United States based on the GPS-observed vertical deformation information. The inversion results show that our boundary-included inversion model can effectively improve the inversion results by 10–20% in terms of variance reduction in the boundary regions.

A Real-Time Spatial SOFC Model for Hardware-Based Simulation of Hybrid Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Hughes ◽  
William J. Wepfer ◽  
Kevin Davies ◽  
J. Christopher Ford ◽  
Comas Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Dynamic Hybrid ◽  
The One

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)/ gas turbine (GT) hybrid systems possess the capability to nearly double the efficiency of standard coal-fired power plants which are currently being used for large scale power production. For the purposes of investigating and developing this technology, a SOFC/GT hybrid test facility was developed at the U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV as part of the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project. The HyPer facility utilizes hardware-in-the-loop technology to simulate coupled SOFC operation with gas turbine hardware in a hybrid arrangement. This paper describes and demonstrates the capabilities of the one-dimensional, real-time operating SOFC model that has been developed and successfully integrated into the HyPer facility. The model presented is designed to characterize SOFC operation over a broad and extensive operating range including inert heating and cooling, standard “on-design” conditions and extreme off-design conditions. The model receives dynamic, system-dependent modeling inputs from facility hardware and calculates a comprehensive set of SOFC operational responses, thus simulating SOFC operation while coupled with a gas turbine. In addition to characterizing SOFC operation, the model also drives the only heat source in the facility to represent fuel cell subsystem release of thermal effluent to the turbine subsystem. Operating parameters such as solid and oxidant stream temperatures, fuel stream compositions, current density, Nernst potential and polarization losses are produced by the model in spatiotemporal manner. The capability of the model to characterize SOFC operation, within dynamic hybrid system feedback, through inert heat up and a step change in load is presented and analyzed.

scholarly journals Major Calamities, Mail Surveys, And Possible Halo Effects

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Steele ◽  
W. Lee Schwendig
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Halo Effects ◽  
Mail Surveys

On April 26, 1986, one of a cluster of Russian nuclear power plants at Chernobyl exploded and caught fire. Subsequent publicity was massive. By sheer happenstance the authors had just put into motion a study in which an existing nuclear power plant in the western United States was one of four items being investigated as a nontraditional tourist attraction. This unplanned and unforeseeable upheaval in the macroenvironment produced some unusual results.

Two-Stage Procedure for the Quantitative Determination of Autoprothrombin III Concentration and Some Applications

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S Reno ◽  
Walter H Seegers
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
The One ◽  
Autoprothrombin C

SummaryA two-stage assay procedure was developed for the determination of the autoprothrombin C titre which can be developed from prothrombin or autoprothrombin III containing solutions. The proenzyme is activated by Russell’s viper venom and the autoprothrombin C activity that appears is measured by its ability to shorten the partial thromboplastin time of bovine plasma.Using the assay, the autoprothrombin C titre was determined in the plasma of several species, as well as the percentage of it remaining in the serum from blood clotted in glass test tubes. Much autoprothrombin III remains in human serum. With sufficient thromboplastin it was completely utilized. Plasma from selected patients with coagulation disorders was assayed and only Stuart plasma was abnormal. In so-called factor VII, IX, and P.T.A. deficiency the autoprothrombin C titre and thrombin titre that could be developed was normal. In one case (prethrombin irregularity) practically no thrombin titre developed but the amount of autoprothrombin C which generated was in the normal range.Dogs were treated with Dicumarol and the autoprothrombin C titre that could be developed from their plasmas decreased until only traces could be detected. This coincided with a lowering of the thrombin titre that could be developed and a prolongation of the one-stage prothrombin time. While the Dicumarol was acting, the dogs were given an infusion of purified bovine prothrombin and the levels of autoprothrombin C, thrombin and one-stage prothrombin time were followed for several hours. The tests became normal immediately after the infusion and then went back to preinfusion levels over a period of 24 hrs.In other dogs the effect of Dicumarol was reversed by giving vitamin K1 intravenously. The effect of the vitamin was noticed as early as 20 min after administration.In response to vitamin K the most pronounced increase was with that portion of the prothrombin molecule which yields thrombin. The proportion of that protein with respect to the precursor of autoprothrombin C increased during the first hour and then started to go down and after 3 hrs was equal to the proportion normally found in plasma.

Standardization of Factor VIII – IV. Establishment of the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII: C Concentrate

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (03) ◽  
pp. 697-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Barrowcliffe ◽  
A D Curtis ◽  
D P Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
International Standard ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryAn international collaborative study was carried out to establish a replacement for the current (2nd) international standard for Factor VIII: C, concentrate. Twenty-six laboratories took part, of which 17 performed one-stage assays, three performed two-stage assays and six used both methods. The proposed new standard, an intermediate purity concentrate, was assayed against the current standard, against a high-purity concentrate and against an International Reference Plasma, coded 80/511, previously calibrated against fresh normal plasma.Assays of the proposed new standard against the current standard gave a mean potency of 3.89 iu/ampoule, with good agreement between laboratories and between one-stage and two- stage assays. There was also no difference between assay methods in the comparison of high-purity and intermediate purity concentrates. In the comparison of the proposed standard with the plasma reference preparation, the overall mean potency was 4.03 iu/ampoule, but there were substantial differences between laboratories, and the two-stage method gave significantly higher results than the one stage method. Of the technical variables in the one-stage method, only the activation time with one reagent appeared to have any influence on the results of this comparison of concentrate against plasma.Accelerated degradation studies showed that the proposed standard is very stable. With the agreement of the participants, the material, in ampoules coded 80/556, has been established by the World Health Organization as the 3rd International Standard for Factor VIII :C, Concentrate, with an assigned potency of 3.9 iu/ampoule.

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