Assessment of Hot Gas Clean-Up Systems and Turbine Erosion/Corrosion Problems in Pfbc Combined Cycle Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 468-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stringer ◽  
S. Ehrlich ◽  
W. W. Slaughter ◽  
A. C. Dolbec
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Particulate Removal

Alternative methods of producing electricity from coal while maintaining acceptable environmental standards are currently being examined in detail. One such method involves the fluidized bed combustion of coal at elevated pressure, using an acceptor in the fluidized bed to remove the sulfur. Steam is raised using heat exchangers within and above the bed, and the hot combustion gases are expanded through a gas turbine. A serious limitation on this system is the ability to reduce the particulate loading in the combustion gases to a level at which a gas turbine having acceptable life can be constructed. The turbine may be either a new design or a modification of a currently available engine, and palliatives include lowering the turbine inlet temperature, lowering the gas velocity through the turbine, and “hardening” the turbine by the selection of appropriate materials or claddings for the vanes and blades. In this paper, the various degradation processes are considered, with emphasis on erosion, and the probable limits of particulate loading in the gas stream are estimated. These estimates are discussed in relation to existing hot gas particulate removal systems, and directions for further study are suggested.

scholarly journals Integration of Combustion Turbine Systems Into Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Newby ◽  
W. F. Domeracki ◽  
A. W. McGuigan ◽  
R. L. Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Filtration ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Hot Gas Filtration ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Currently, pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plants apply multiple stages of cyclones to clean the combustion products prior to turbine expansion, and rugged, inefficient expanders are required for this dirty-gas duty. The turbine inlet temperature is limited to the fluid bed combustor temperature, about 843°C (1550°F), so the plant thermal efficiency is relatively low. The development of hot gas filtration and coal-gas topping for PFBC combined cycles is the next step in the evolution of PFBC, and will result in the use of modern, high-efficiency combustion turbines in PFBC applications as well as plant thermal efficiencies up to 47% (HHV). Westinghouse is developing integrated combustion turbine systems that interface with PFBC plants and incorporate the functions of hot gas filtration, alkali vapor removal, topping combustion, hot gas piping and control, and turbine compression and expansion. This paper reports on the engineering considerations made by Westinghouse for these integrated combustion turbine systems and summarizes the current development activities and status.

A Review of the Efficacy of Silicon Carbide Hot-Gas Filters in Coal Gasification and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Environments

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Judkins ◽  
D. P. Stinton ◽  
J. H. DeVan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state of the art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached regarding the use of silicon carbide-based ceramics as hot-gas filter media. Arguments are presented that provide the basis for our conclusion that high-purity silicon carbide is a viable material in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) environments we examined. Clay-bonded materials are, we concluded, suspect for these applications, their extensive use not-withstanding. Operations data we reviewed focused primarily on clay-bonded filters, for which a great deal of experience exists. We used the clay-bonded filter experience as a point of reference for our review and analysis.

Development of a Maintenance Program for Major Gas Turbine Hot Gas Path Parts

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Moritsuka ◽  
Tomoharu Fujii ◽  
Takeshi Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Turbine Inlet

The thermal efficiency of gas turbine combined cycle power generation plants increase significantly in accordance with turbine inlet temperature. Gas turbine combined cycle power plants operating at high turbine inlet temperature are popular as a main thermal power station among our electric power companies in Japan. Thus, gas turbine hot gas parts are working under extreme conditions which will strongly affect their lifetime as well as maintenance costs for repaired and replaced parts. To reduce the latter is of major importance to enhance cost effectiveness of the plant. This report describes a gas turbine maintenance management program of main hot gas parts (combustor chambers, transition peices, turbine 1st. stage nozzles and 1st. stage buckets) for management persons of gas turbine combined cycle power stations in order to obtain an optimal gas turbine maintenance schedule considering rotation, repair and replacement or exchange of those parts.

Utilization of Fluidized Bed Combustion in Energy Recovery from Solid Wastes

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Hamm ◽  
D. L. Keairns
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Near Term

Fluidized bed combustion is capable of utilizing a wider variety of fuels (including solid wastes) than is any other combustion process. Thus, it has the potential for wide application in systems for recovering energy from solid wastes in industry, commercial sites, institutions, forestry, and agriculture to produce electric power, process steam, process heat, and space heating. Three fluidized bed combustion concepts are identified for near-term application: atmospheric fluidized bed boiler, exhaust-heated gas turbine or combined cycle, and closed-cycle gas turbine.

scholarly journals Modified Combined Cycle With Pressure Fluidized Bed Combustion Boiler

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Dzierzgowski ◽  
Stanislaw Sobkowski
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor

The article describes conversion of conventional steam cycle with 200 MW turbine into combined steam-gas cycle with pressure fluidized bed combustion boiler. In order to raise cycle thermal efficiency an additional combustion chamber before a gas turbine was introduced. Two modifications of the combined cycle were considered. In one of them natural gas in the additional combustion chamber is burnt with the boiler flue gas only. In the other gas is burnt with additional air stream taken from behind the gas turbine compressor. Optimizing calculations of the cycle thermal efficiency in function of some cycle’s main parameters were carried out.

scholarly journals The Coal-Fired PFBC Machine: Operating Experience and Further Development

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven A. Jansson ◽  
Dirk Veenhuizen ◽  
Krishna K. Pillai ◽  
Jan Björklund
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Further Development

The key components of Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combined Cycle (PFBC) plants are the specially designed gas turbine, which we refer to as the PFBC machine, and the pressurized fluidized bed boiler used to generate and superheat steam for expansion in a steam turbine, in ABB’s P200 and P800 modules, ABB Stal’s 17 MWe GT35P and 70 MWe GT140P machines, respectively, are used. Particulate cleanup before expansion in the turbine sections is with cyclones. So far, over 70,000 hours of operation has been accumulated on P200 modules in the world’s first PFBC plants, demonstrating that PFBC meets the expectations. The GT35P machines have been found to perform as expected, although some teething problems have also been experienced. The next P200 plant will be built in Germany for operation on brown coal. The first GT140P machine has been manufactured. After shop testing in Finspong, it will be shipped to Japan for installation in the first P800 plant, which is under construction. Future development of the PFBC machines are foreseen to include raising the turbine inlet temperature through combustion of a topping fuel in order to reach thermal efficiencies which ultimately may be in the range of 50 to 53% (LHV).

A Review of the Efficacy of Silicon Carbide Hot Gas Filters in Coal Gasification and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Environments

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roddie R. Judkins ◽  
David P. Stinton ◽  
Jackson H. DeVan
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Hot Gas Cleaning ◽  
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion

Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state-of-the-art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached regarding the use of silicon carbide-based ceramics as hot-gas filter media. Arguments are presented that provide the basis for our conclusion that high-purity silicon carbide is a viable material in the integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) and pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) environments we examined. Clay-bonded materials are, we concluded, suspect for these applications, their extensive use notwithstanding. Operations data we reviewed focused primarily on clay-bonded filters, for which a great deal of experience exists. We used the clay-bonded filter experience as a point of reference for our review and analysis.

scholarly journals Status of Topping Combustor Development for Second Generation Fluidized Bed Combined Cycles

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard V. Garland ◽  
Paul W. Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Coal Pyrolysis ◽  
Swirl Burner ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Design Requirements

Addition of a fluidized bed combustor to a high efficiency combined cycle plant enables direct firing of inexpensive run-of-the-mine coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. To attain high thermal efficiencies, coal pyrolysis is included. The low heating value fuel gas from the pyrolizer is burned in a topping combustion system that boosts gas turbine inlet temperature to state of the art while the pyrolizer-produced char is burned in the bed. The candidate topping combustor, the multi-annular swirl burner, based on a design by J. M. Beér is presented and discussed. Design requirements differ from conventional gas turbine combustors. The use of hot, vitiated air for cooling and combustion, and the use of low heating value fuel containing ammonia are two factors that make the design requirements unique. The multi-annular swirl burner contains rich-burn, quick-quench, and lean-burn zones formed aerodynamically rather than the physically separate volumes found in other rich-lean combustors. Although fuel is injected through a centrally located nozzle, the combustion air enters axially through a series of swirlers. Wall temperatures are controlled by relatively thick layers of air entering through the various swirler sections, which allows the combustor to be of all-metal construction rather than the ceramic often used in rich-lean concepts. This 12-inch diameter design utilizes some of the features of the previous 5-inch and 10-inch versions of the multi-annular swirl burner; and, test results from the previous projects were utilized in the formulation of the test for the present program. In the upcoming tests, vitiated air will be provided to simulate a pressurized fluidized bed effluent. Hot syngas seeded with ammonia will be used to simulate the low BTU gas produced in the pyrolizer.

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