Application of Recuperative Gas Cycles with a Bypass Heat Generator to Solar Energy Power Plants

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Z. P. Tilliette ◽  
B. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Generator ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Flexible Plant ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Solar Receiver

Gas cycles are being studied for solar energy power plants on account of the attractive prospects they offer for an efficient heat source utilization. By using a particular arrangement applicable to open or closed recuperative gas cycles, consisting of a heat generator partly bypassing the low pressure side of the recuperator, further improvements can be effected in gas turbine systems. They result in favorable conditions for power and high temperature heat cogeneration, for combined gas and steam cycles, and for flexible plant operation. Specific aspects of solar energy are investigated. They mainly concern variations in operating conditions, energy storage, energy conversion efficiency and combined cycles. Applications are made to open and closed cycle power plants. As the combination of a solar receiver with a fossil-fired auxiliary heat source is considered, fossil-fired power plants with an auxiliary solar heating are examined.

Improvement in Recuperative Gas Cycles by Means of a Heat Generator Partly By-Passing the Recuperator: Application to Open and Closed Cycles and to Various Kinds of Energy

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Tilliette ◽  
B. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Heat Output ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Heat Generator ◽  
High Temperature Process ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Operation Flexibility

A particular arrangement applicable to open or closed recuperative gas cycles, consisting of a heat generator partly by-passing the low pressure side of the recuperator, is proven to enhance the advantages of gas cycles for energy production. In this way, the cogeneration of both power with high efficiency owing to the recuperator and high temperature process heat becomes possible and economically attractive. Furthermore, additional possibilities appear for power generation by combined gas and steam or ammonia cycles. In any case, the overall utilitization coefficient of the primary energy is increased and the combined production of low or medium temperature heat can also be improved. The great operation flexibility of the system for combined energy generation is worth being emphasized: the by-pass arrangement involves no significant change in the operating conditions of the main turbocompressor as the heat output varies. Applications of this arrangement are made to open and closed gas cycle power plants using fossil, nuclear and solar energies. The overall heat conversion efficiency is tentatively estimated in order to appreciate the energy conversion capability of the investigated power plants.

Simulation of Solarized Combined Cycles: Comparison Between Hybrid GT and ISCC Plants

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Barigozzi ◽  
G. Franchini ◽  
A. Perdichizzi ◽  
S. Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Computer Codes ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
The One

The present paper investigates two different Solarized Combined Cycle layout configurations. In the first scheme, a solarized gas turbine is coupled to a solar tower. Pressurized air at compressor exit is sent to the solar tower receiver before entering the GT combustor. Here temperature is increased up to the nominal turbine inlet value through natural gas combustion. In the second CC layout, solar energy is collected by line focusing parabolic trough collectors and used to produce superheated steam in addition to the one generated in the heat recovery boiler. The goal of the paper is to compare the thermodynamic performance of these CSP technologies when working under realistic operating conditions. Commercial software and in-house computer codes were combined together to predict CSP plant performance both on design and off-design conditions. Plant simulations have shown the beneficial effect of introducing solar energy at high temperature in the Joule-Brayton cycle and the drawback in terms of GT performance penalization due to solarization. Results of yearly simulations on a one hour basis for the two considered plant configurations are presented and discussed. Main thermodynamic parameters such temperatures, pressure levels, air and steam flow rates are reported for two representative days.

Performance and Cost Characteristics of Combined Cycles Integrated With Second Generation Gasification Systems

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Shah ◽  
D. J. Ahner ◽  
G. R. Fox ◽  
M. J. Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Combined Cycle Plant ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Cost Characteristics

The performance of combined cycle power plants integrated with advanced air- and oxygen-blown entrained gasification systems as well as with advanced oxygen-blown fixed bed gasifiers will be presented. The performance and cost of such plants using near-term gas turbine technology will be compared to the performance of conventional coal-fired steam plants with FGD. The integrated combined cycle plant appears attractive at today’s gas turbine firing temperatures. Further benefits from advanced gas turbine operating conditions on the performance and economics of such plants and the rationale for these performance trends will be discussed.

scholarly journals Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
M.A. Murmura ◽  
M.C. Annesini
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Solar Reactors ◽  
Solar Receiver

Thermochemical hydrogen production is of great interest due to the potential for significantly reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as energy carriers. In a solar plant, the solar receiver is the unit in which solar energy is absorbed by a fluid and/or solid particles and converted into thermal energy. When the solar energy is used to drive a reaction, the receiver is also a reactor. The wide variety of thermochemical processes, and therefore of operating conditions, along with the technical requirements of coupling the receiver with the concentrating system have led to the development of numerous reactor configurations. The scope of this work is to identify general guidelines for the design of solar reactors/receivers. To do so, an overview is initially presented of solar receiver/reactor designs proposed in the literature for different applications. The main challenges of modeling these systems are then outlined. Finally, selected examples are discussed in greater detail to highlight the methodology through which the design of solar reactors can be optimized. It is found that the parameters most commonly employed to describe the performance of such a reactor are (i) energy conversion efficiency, (ii) energy losses associated with process irreversibilities, and (iii) thermo-mechanical stresses. The general choice of reactor design depends mainly on the type of reaction. The optimization procedure can then be carried out by acting on (i) the receiver shape and dimensions, (ii) the mode of reactant feed, and (iii) the particle morphology, in the case of solid reactants.

Simulation of Solarized Combined Cycles: Comparison Between Hybrid Gas Turbine and ISCC Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Barigozzi ◽  
Giuseppe Franchini ◽  
Antonio Perdichizzi ◽  
Silvia Ravelli
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion ◽  
The One

The present paper investigates two different solarized combined cycle layout configurations. In the first scheme, a solarized gas turbine is coupled to a solar tower. Pressurized air at the compressor exit is sent to the solar tower receiver before entering the gas turbine (GT) combustor. Here, temperature is increased up to the nominal turbine inlet value through natural gas combustion. In the second combined cycle (CC) layout, solar energy is collected by line focusing parabolic trough collectors and used to produce superheated steam in addition to the one generated in the heat recovery boiler. The goal of the paper is to compare the thermodynamic performance of these concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies when working under realistic operating conditions. Commercial software and in-house computer codes were combined together to predict CSP plant performance both on design and off-design conditions. Plant simulations have shown the beneficial effect of introducing solar energy at high temperature in the Joule–Brayton cycle and the drawback in terms of GT performance penalization due to solarization. Results of yearly simulations on a 1 h basis for the two considered plant configurations are presented and discussed. The main thermodynamic parameters such as temperatures, pressure levels, and air and steam flow rates are reported for two representative days.

Demonstration of ORC System Powered by Waste Heat From the Heuksando Island Internal Combustion Diesel Power Plant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghyup Lee ◽  
Hoon Jung
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Source Analysis

Geographical characteristics give the island of Heuksando no choice but to use diesel power generation. This option is not economical, and more than half of the generated energy is released through exhaust gas, cooling water, and other sources of energy loss. In order to reduce these losses and improve power generation efficiency, this research studied Organic Rankine Cycle systems that use waste heat from diesel power plants as a heat source. Unlike previous Rankine cycles, electric power generation and operation are possible because of low heat source and capacity. Cycle design and demonstration-operation logic are required to set the range of waste heat temperature and capacity. In addition, as the overall efficiency may change substantially depending on the efficiency of each component, the operating conditions of various BOPs should be optimized. It is necessary to obtain the optimization and operating conditions of each element of the system through modeling and numerical study of the whole system. In this research, heat source analysis and BOP design were conducted in order to apply the 20kW/30kW ORC systems to the Heuksando Island 1MW diesel power plant. A heat-connecting technique that thermally connects the heat exhaust end piping and the evaporator of the ORC system was developed in this study. The demonstration experiment was conducted sharing the waste heat source with the 20kW and 30kW ORC systems. This paper presents the waste heat analysis and the demonstration operation results of the Heuksando island power plant.

scholarly journals Reciprocal Efficiency Improvement of High Temperature Fossil and Low Temperature Solar Heat Sources for Power Generation

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Tilliette ◽  
B. Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Central Receiver ◽  
Receiver System ◽  
Parabolic Dish ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Solar Receiver

Gas turbine systems are investigated for solar energy conversion because they can offer satisfactory performances, particularly in case of combined cycles, and interesting solutions for plant operation. Hybrid concepts, associating solar heating with fossil firing, reduce the need for energy storage. Key problems are: matching of combined gas and steam cycles for performances enhancement, coupling of solar heating with fossil firing, use of as much solar energy as possible and priority use of solar energy at medium temperature (200/650 C), because, within this temperature range, technology is more readily available for the solar receiver system (central receiver, fixed mirror concentrators, parabolic dish collectors…) and for the primary circuit (Gilotherm, Dowtherm, sodium, molten salts…).

Thermodynamic analysis of hydraulic air compressor-gas turbine power plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Bidini ◽  
C N Grimaldi ◽  
L Postrioti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Combined Cycles ◽  
Air Compression

Nowadays, the most common way to improve energy conversion efficiency is the integration of different systems, thus achieving a better exploitation of the available exergy potential (e.g. combined cycles, cogeneration, etc.). As a means of producing power in hydroelectric plants hydraulic energy is commonly considered to be almost completely exploited. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possible integration of hydraulic energy sources with conventional, fossil fuel based systems; in particular, power plants based on the combination of an hydraulic air compressor (HAC) and a gas turbine are considered. In an HAC, air is entrained in the water flow in a downcomer pipe and compressed. Once separated from the water in a ‘stilling chamber’ at the bottom of the downpipe, the compressed air is supplied to a combustion chamber and then to a conventional gas turbine expander. An attractive characteristic of HACs is the capability, in principle, to perform an isothermal air compression instead of an adiabatic one, as in conventional compressors. In the present work, a thermodynamic analysis is presented of HAC-gas turbine energy conversion systems, which are compared with conventional hydroelectric and gas turbine power plants. The calculated performance levels of such systems are comparable to those of combined cycle plants, making further technical and economical investigations quite interesting.

scholarly journals Exergy and Economic Evaluation of a Hybrid Power Plant Coupling Coal with Solar Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Serrano-Sanchez ◽  
Marina Olmeda-Delgado ◽  
Fontina Petrakopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Hybrid Power ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant

Hybrid power plants that couple conventional with renewable energy are promising alternatives to electricity generation with low greenhouse gas emissions. Such plants aim to improve the operational stability of renewable power plants, while at the same time reducing the fuel consumption of conventional fossil fuel power plants. Here, we propose and evaluate the thermodynamic and economic viability of a hybrid plant under different operating conditions, applying exergy and economic analyses. The hybrid plant combines a coal plant with a solar-tower field. The plant is also compared with a conventional coal-fired plant of similar capacity. The results show that the proposed hybrid plant can emit 4.6% less pollutants due to the addition of solar energy. Fuel consumption can also be decreased by the same amount. The exergy efficiency of the hybrid power plant is found to be 35.8%, 1.6 percentage points higher than the efficiency of the conventional coal plant, and the total capital investment needed to build and operate a plant is 8050.32 $/kW. This cost is higher than the necessary capital investment of 5979.69 $/kW to build and operate a coal-fired power plant, and it is mainly due to the higher purchased equipment cost. Finally, the levelized cost of electricity of the hybrid plant is found to be 0.19 $/kWh (using both solar and coal resources) and 0.12 $/kWh when the plant is fueled only with coal.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

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