The Use of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Irons to Develop Forgeability Criteria Based on Local Strain Measurements

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shi ◽  
M. Ghoreshy ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
J. J. M. Too
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Minor Axis ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nodule Shape

An attempt has been made to develop forgeability criteria based on data obtained from local strain measurements. Nodular case iron has been used as the modelling material because its microstructure may be manipulated to contain near-spherical graphite nodules which are suitable for the study of deformation, foregeability, etc. Cracking will occur under certain deformation conditions which may be determined by following the changes in spherulite/nodule shape and habit. Local strain in any area of interest may be determined by measuring the shape change of the previously spherical nodules in terms of an aspect ratio b/a (a = major axis, b = minor axis of the deformed nodules) from specimens sectioned after deformation. A wide variety of forgeabilities can be obtained by changing the microstructure and composition of the matrix.

Research of Microprofile Extrusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Zhi Hong Fu ◽  
Dong Gang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Minor Axis ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Capillary Rheometer ◽  
Extrusion Speed ◽  
Drawing Speed ◽  
Width Direction ◽  
Length Direction

The shape change in microprofile extrusion was investigated using a capillary rheometer with two different die orifices:a trilobal and a elliptic orifice. The material used in extrusion was fiber-grade polypropylene. The result showed that during microprofile extrusion the shape of extrudate deviated greatly from that of the die orifice. The size of extrudate increased with the increase of the extrusion speed and temperature but decreased with the increase of the drawing speed. Furthermore, water cooling was found to be beneficial in reducing shape change. For the trilobal shape, the shape change of trilbolal leaf in the width direction was much larger than that in the length direction. For the elliptic shape, the shape change along the minor axis was larger than along the major axis.

scholarly journals Metallurgical and Statistical Approaches to the Study of Cast Iron Street Furniture

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1141
Author(s):  
C. Soffritti ◽  
L. Calzolari ◽  
S. Pepi ◽  
A. Fortini ◽  
M. Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Group Assignment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Street Furniture

AbstractThe evolution of microstructure in relation to dating and nationality of origin was investigated in twenty-four cast iron objects of street furniture produced between XIX and XX centuries in United Kingdom, France, and Italy. Chemical composition of the metalworks was evaluated by glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry. Fragments from the cast irons were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Form, distribution, and size of graphite were evaluated in the microstructure according to standard EN ISO 945-1:2008. An image analysis software was employed to quantify the area fraction of graphite in the matrix, major axis, and shape factor of graphite lamellae, area fraction of manganese sulfides (ψS), area fraction of steadite, and number of eutectic cells per area unit. All data were grouped and linear discrimination analysis (LDA) was applied to assess the group assignment and the probability of correct classification for each metalwork. The results showed that the microstructural features were compatible with those of cast irons produced in the XIX and XX centuries. Values of ψS also suggested re-melting of cast irons, associated with recycling of cast iron and/or steel scraps. The high values of steadite found in the metalworks are probably due to the excellent castability required for complex shape castings in these centuries. The LDA multivariate analysis allowed to discriminate cast irons based on the year of manufacturing and the nationality of origin.

MEEHANITE GB300

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract Meehanite GB300 is a pearlitic gray cast iron that has a minimum tensile strength of 300 MPa (44 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. This grade exhibits high strength while still maintaining good thermal conductivity and good machinability. It is generally used for applications where the thermal conductivity requirements preclude the use of other higher-strength materials, such as spheroidal graphite cast irons, which have inferior thermal properties. This datasheet provides information on physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CI-75. Producer or source: Meehanite Metal Corporation.

Integrity Assessment and On-Site Repair of a Floating Production Platform

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro G. Marinho ◽  
Alexandre M. Pope ◽  
Luiz Claudio Meniconi ◽  
Luiz Henrique M. Alves ◽  
Cesar Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
High Stress ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Gusset Plates ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
High Stress Concentration ◽  
Production Platform ◽  
Welding Defects ◽  
Classification Society

Following the warning of a flooded bow horizontal brace of a semi-submersible production platform, an inspection diving team was mobilized and cracks were found at both bow and aft K-joints. Analysis of the service life of the platform, together with the results of structural analysis and local strain measurements, concluded that cracking was caused by fatigue initiated at high stress concentration points on the gusset plates inserted in the tubular joints. As a consequence of the fractured plates other cracks were nucleated close to the intersection lines of the braces that compose the K-joints. Based on this analysis different repair possibilities were proposed. To comply with the production goals of the Business Unit it was decided to repair the platform on-site and in production in agreement with the Classification Society. The proposed repair contemplated the installation of two flanges on the gusset plates between the diagonal braces by underwater wet (UWW) welding. Cracks at the gusset plates were also removed by grinding and wet welding. Defects located at the braces are being monitored and repaired by the installation of backing bars, by wet welding, followed by grinding and welding from the inside. To carry out the job two weld procedures and ten welder-divers were qualified.

Local strain measurements in shallow trench insulator structures using near-ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy: Simulation and experiment

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 103506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Latu-Romain ◽  
Michel Mermoux ◽  
Alexandre Crisci ◽  
Dominique Delille ◽  
Laurens F. Tz. Kwakman
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

Design of Turning Area for LNG Terminal Base on Computer Simulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1236-1240
Author(s):  
Yao Tian Fan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Minor Axis ◽  
Computer Simulator

Design of turning area for sea port is generally done according to the outcome of theoretical calculation or real-ship trial. However, these methods only take into account some limited respects for planning a port or are not so cost-effective. In this paper, computer simulator is used for optimizing the size of turning area for Yangshan LNG terminal. The outcome indicates that the major axis and minor axis of the turning area can meet the requirement of Q-Max LNG carrier berthing operation and it is suggested to do such maneuvering in some given conditions related to wind, current, tide, visibility and wave.

Research of stamping of unequal channel bars. Part 3. Force parameters and shape change of the billet when extruding channels. 1. Kinematic and stress states of the billet

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A.L. Vorontsov
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Flow ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Plane Deformation ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Die Forging ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Theory Of Plastic Flow

On the basis of the complete system of equations of the theory of plastic flow, the kinematic and stress states of the billet are determined when the channels are extruded under conditions of plane deformation of the misaligned position of the punch and the matrix. Keywords: die forging, extrusion, misaligned position, punch, matrix, plane deformation, plastic flow rates, stresses. [email protected]

ISO 185/JL/350

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gray Cast ◽  
Spheroidal Graphite ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Test Pieces

Abstract ISO 185/JL/350 is a higher-tensile-strength gray cast iron that has a pearlitic matrix, and a tensile strength of 350–450 MPa (51–65 ksi), when determined on test pieces machined from separately cast, 30 mm (1.2 in.) diameter test bars. It provides a combination of high strength while still maintaining good thermal conductivity compared with other types of cast iron. This grade approaches the maximum tensile strength attainable in gray cast iron. Applications therefore tend to be confined to those where thermal conductivity requirements in service preclude the use of one of the other higher-strength materials such as spheroidal graphite cast irons, which have inferior thermal properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as casting and heat treating. Filing Code: CI-85. Producer or source: International Organization for Standardization.

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