Long-Life Fatigue of Type 316 Stainless Steel at Temperatures up to 593°C

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jaske ◽  
N. D. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Major Advance ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Long Life ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cycles To Failure

Some energy-system structural components may be subjected to 107 or more cycles of small-amplitude, strain-controlled vibrations. In such cases, information on the elevated-temperature, long-life (>106 cycles to failure) fatigue resistance of the austenitic steels often used in these components is needed. Present design guidelines provide fatigue curves for these steels only up to 106 cycles to failure. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-life fatigue resistance of one such steel, namely Type 316 stainless steel. Strain-controlled long-life (> 106 cycles to failure) fatigue experiments were conducted on solution-annealed Type 316 stainless steel in air at temperatures from 21 to 593° C. These were all for continuous cycling of smooth specimens under fully reversed straining (no mean stress). Results of this work provided a major advance in understanding the fatigue behavior of this steel. Tentative best-fit fatigue curves have been developed, but more data are needed to establish needed statistical confidence in them. At 21°C, strain and load-controlled experiments gave similar fatigue-resistance values at 108 cycles when inelastic straining was taken into account. However, at 427°C and above, strain-controlled cycling yielded fatigue-resistance levels at 108 cycles about 15 to 25 percent above those for load-controlled cycling. This difference is related to the continually increasing stress levels observed under strain cycling at the higher temperatures. That is, cyclic hardening continues to occur for 105 or more cycles of straining with accompanying two- to threefold increases in strength. This increased strength gives the increased fatigue resistance at long lives. Under load-controlled conditions, such cyclic hardening cannot occur, and the fatigue resistance is lower. Results of this work emphasize the need for considering the intended service conditions in carrying out laboratory experiments. The impact of these results on recommended experimental procedures for long-life fatigue testing of such alloys is discussed. Finally, considerations for application of these data in fatigue design are addressed.

Temperature-Dependence of Multiaxial Non-Proportional Cyclic Behavior of Type 316 Stainless Steel

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Murakami ◽  
M. Kawai ◽  
K. Aoki ◽  
Y. Ohmi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Uniaxial Tension ◽  
Constant Strain Rate ◽  
Inelastic Strain ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Material Behavior ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Strain Paths

Temperature dependence of multiaxial cyclic behavior of type 316 stainless steel was elucidated experimentally. Cyclic tests under constant total-strain amplitudes were performed for uniaxial tension-compression and circular (non-proportional) strain paths at several temperatures; room temperature, 200°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, and 700°C. The strain amplitudes of the cycles were specified to be 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 percent under constant strain rate of 0.2 percent per min. A quantitative discussion was made with special emphasis on the difference between material behavior under uniaxial tension-compression strain cycles and multiaxial non-proportional circular ones at these temperatures. The most significant cyclic hardening was observed in the temperature range between 400°C and 600°C for both the proportional and the non-proportional strain cycles. At these particular temperatures, much larger inelastic strain was accumulated until a cyclic stabilization was obtained. Though the effect of non-proportionality in the cyclic strain paths on the cyclic hardening was significant particularly at the temperature below 450°C, it rapdily decreased at higher temperatures.

Inelastic Behavior of Type 316 Stainless Steel Under Multiaxial Nonproportional Cyclic Stressings at Elevated Temperature

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohashi ◽  
M. Kawai ◽  
T. Kaito
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Cyclic Stress ◽  
Torsional Stress ◽  
Inelastic Behavior ◽  
Stress Range ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Stress Plane

The stress-range and path-shape dependencies of multiaxial nonproportional cyclic hardening were studied for annealed type 316 stainless steel at 600°C by means of stress controlled tests. Cyclic experiments along circular stress paths with constant effective stresses in the axial-torsional stress plane were first performed. The significant cyclic hardening and its stress-range dependency observed for the circular stress cyclings were quantitatively shown in reference to the cyclic stress-strain curves resulted from uniaxial stress cyclings. Then, to discuss the effect of path-shape, the cyclic tests along square stress paths inscribed by the above circular paths, as well as the tests where uniaxial cyclings and torsional ones were alternated, were also carried out. As a result of these tests, the cyclic hardenings for square paths were found to be almost equivalent to those for their circumscribed circular paths. The other type of stress cyclings caused almost the same amount of cyclic hardenings as those for the circular cyclings of the identical stress-ranges.

Slurry Erosion Resistance of Arc-Sprayed and Laser-Melted Coatings

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dallaire ◽  
D. Dube ◽  
M. Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Slurry Erosion ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microstructural Changes ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sprayed Coatings

Abstract Slurry-handling equipment and pipelines particularly used in coal processing and mining industries are continuously exposed to the Impact of liquid-borne solid particles, resulting in progressive damage and loss of material. Cost-effective solutions to slurry erosion in aqueous media have been mainly limited to austenitic stainless steels, although coatings have been proposed. This work was aimed at evaluating the slurry erosion resistance of arc-sprayed coatings and determining what improvement IS achieved after laser melting. Multiphase and Type 316 stainless steel arc-sprayed coatings were obtained by arc spraying in air solid and cored wires. The surface of arc-sprayed coatings was melted using a pulsed Nd-YAG laser producing 1.06 µm wavelength radiation. Arc-sprayed and laser-melted coatings were slurry erosion tested at impact angles of 25° and 90° in a laboratory slurry jet erosion device using quartz sand as erodent. The evaluation of wear damage was done with a laser profilometer. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to evaluate the microstructural changes which occurred after laser surface melting. Multiphase arc-sprayed coatings were more slurry erosion resistant than Type 316 stainless steel coatings. Improvement in slurry erosion resistance, particularly at the impact angle of 90°, was achieved by laser melting multiphase arc-sprayed coatings. Although deep microstructural changes occurred within coatings upon laser melting, the removal of stringers between sprayed platelets by laser melting was found responsible for the increase in slurry erosion resistance of multiphase laser-melted coatings.

scholarly journals Strain Range Dependent Cyclic Hardening of 08Ch18N10T Stainless Steel—Experiments and Simulations

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Fumfera ◽  
Radim Halama ◽  
Radek Procházka ◽  
Petr Gál ◽  
Miroslav Španiel
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Cyclic Hardening ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Cyclic Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Isotropic Hardening ◽  
Plasticity Model ◽  
Cyclic Plasticity Model

This paper describes and presents an experimental program of low-cycle fatigue tests of austenitic stainless steel 08Ch18N10T at room temperature. The low-cycle tests include uniaxial and torsional tests for various specimen geometries and for a vast range of strain amplitude. The experimental data was used to validate the proposed cyclic plasticity model for predicting the strain-range dependent behavior of austenitic steels. The proposed model uses a virtual back-stress variable corresponding to a cyclically stable material under strain control. This internal variable is defined by means of a memory surface introduced in the stress space. The linear isotropic hardening rule is also superposed. A modification is presented that enables the cyclic hardening response of 08Ch18N10T to be simulated correctly under torsional loading conditions. A comparison is made between the real experimental results and the numerical simulation results, demonstrating the robustness of the proposed cyclic plasticity model.

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