Transition of Bubbly Flow in Vertical Tubes: Effect of Bubble Size and Tube Diameter

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Das ◽  
P. K. Das ◽  
J. R. Thome
Keyword(s):  
Slug Flow ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Population Balance ◽  
Tube Diameter ◽  
Transition Boundary ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Flow Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Balance Technique

In a companion paper (“Modelling Bubbly Flow by Population Balance Technique Part I: Axial Flow Development and Its Transitions,” ASME J. Fluids Eng), a two fluid model along with a multiclass population balance technique has been used to find out comprehensive criteria for the transition from bubbly to slug flow, primarily through a study of axial flow development. Using the same basic model the transition mechanism has been investigated in the present paper covering a wide range of process parameters. Though the dominating rate of bubble coalescence during the axial development of the flow acts as the main cause for the transition to slug flow, the simultaneous transformation of the radial voidage pattern cannot be overlooked. Appearance of core, intermediate, wall, and two peaks are observed in the radial voidage distribution depending on the phase superficial velocities. A map has been developed indicating the boundaries of the above subregimes. It has been observed that not only the size of the bubbles entering the inlet plane but also the size distribution (monodispersion or bidispersion) changes the voidage peak and shifts the transition boundary. It is interesting to note that the bubbly flow only with a core peak void distribution transforms into slug flow with a change in the operating parameters. Transition boundary is also observed to shift with a change in the tube diameter. The simulation results have been compared with experimental data taken from different sources and very good agreements have been noted.

Numerical Characterization of Hot Gas Ingestion Through Turbine Rim Seals

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Da Soghe ◽  
Cosimo Bianchini ◽  
Carl M. Sangan ◽  
James A. Scobie ◽  
Gary D. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Buffering

This paper deals with a numerical study aimed at the characterization of hot gas ingestion through turbine rim seals. The numerical campaign focused on an experimental facility which models ingress through the rim seal into the upstream wheel-space of an axial-turbine stage. Single-clearance arrangements were considered in the form of axial- and radial-seal gap configurations. With the radial-seal clearance configuration, CFD steady-state solutions were able to predict the system sealing effectiveness over a wide range of coolant mass flow rates reasonably well. The greater insight of flow field provided by the computations illustrates the thermal buffering effect when ingress occurs: for a given sealing flow rate, the effectiveness on the rotor was significantly higher than that on the stator due to the axial flow of hot gases from stator to rotor caused by pumping effects. The predicted effectiveness on the rotor was compared with a theoretical model for the thermal buffering effect showing good agreement. When the axial-seal clearance arrangement is considered, the agreement between CFD and experiments worsens; the variation of sealing effectiveness with coolant flow rate calculated by means of the simulations display a distinct kink. It was found that the “kink phenomenon” can be ascribed to an over-estimation of the egress spoiling effects due to turbulence modelling limitations. Despite some weaknesses in the numerical predictions, the paper shows that CFD can be used to characterize the sealing performance of axial- and radial-clearance turbine rim seals.

Influence of Turbulent Flow Characteristics and Coherent Vortices on the Pressure Recovery of Annular Diffusers: Part A — Experimental Results

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Kuschel ◽  
Bastian Drechsel ◽  
David Kluß ◽  
Joerg R. Seume
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Turbulent Transport ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Pressure Recovery ◽  
Turbulence Structure ◽  
Reynolds Stresses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operating Points

Exhaust diffusers downstream of turbines are used to transform the kinetic energy of the flow into static pressure. The static pressure at the turbine outlet is thus decreased by the diffuser, which in turn increases the technical work as well as the efficiency of the turbine significantly. Consequently, diffuser designs aim to achieve high pressure recovery at a wide range of operating points. Current diffuser design is based on conservative design charts, developed for laminar, uniform, axial flow. However, several previous investigations have shown that the aerodynamic loading and the pressure recovery of diffusers can be increased significantly if the turbine outflow is taken into consideration. Although it is known that the turbine outflow can reduce boundary layer separations in the diffuser, less information is available regarding the physical mechanisms that are responsible for the stabilization of the diffuser flow. An analysis using the Lumley invariance charts shows that high pressure recovery is only achieved for those operating points in which the near-shroud turbulence structure is axi-symmetric with a major radial turbulent transport component. This turbulent transport originates mainly from the wake and the tip vortices of the upstream rotor. These structures energize the boundary layer and thus suppress separation. A logarithmic function is shown that correlates empirically the pressure recovery vs. the relevant Reynolds stresses. The present results suggest that an improved prediction of diffuser performance requires modeling approaches that account for the anisotropy of turbulence.

Basin-Wide Connections of Upper-Ocean Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Indian Ocean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Ge Song ◽  
Bohua Huang ◽  
Rongcai Ren ◽  
Zeng-Zhen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Equatorial Indian Ocean ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Upper Ocean ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Ocean Reanalysis ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn this paper, the interannual variability of upper-ocean temperature in the equatorial Indian Ocean (IO) and its basin-wide connections are investigated using 58-year (1958-2015) comprehensive monthly mean ocean reanalysis data. Three leading modes of an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis dominate the variability of upper-ocean temperature in the equatorial IO in a wide range of timescales. A coherent interannual band within the first two EOF modes identifies an oscillation between the zonally tilting thermocline across the equatorial IO in its peak phases and basin-wide displacement of the equatorial thermocline in its transitional phases. Consistent with the recharge oscillation paradigm, this oscillation is inherent of the equatorial IO with a quasi-periodicity around 15 months, in which the wind-induced off-equatorial Rossby waves near 5°S-10°S provide the phase-transition mechanism. This intrinsic IO oscillation provides the biennial component in the observed IOD variations. The third leading mode shows a nonlinear long-term trend of the upper-ocean temperature, including the near-surface warming along the equatorial Indian Ocean, accompanied by cooling trend in the lower thermocline originating further south. Such vertical contrary trends may lead to an enhanced stratification in the equatorial IO.

Performance Estimation of Axial Flow Turbines

1970 ◽  
Vol 185 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. M. Craig ◽  
H. J. A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Performance Estimation ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Relevant Variables

A comprehensive method of estimating the performance of axial flow steam and gas turbines is presented, based on analysis of linear cascade tests on blading, on a number of turbine test results, and on air tests of model casings. The validity of the use of such data is briefly considered. Data are presented to allow performance estimation of actual machines over a wide range of Reynolds number, Mach number, aspect ratio and other relevant variables. The use of the method in connection with three-dimensional methods of flow estimation is considered, and data presented showing encouraging agreement between estimates and available test results. Finally ‘carpets’ are presented showing the trends in efficiencies that are attainable in turbines designed over a wide range of loading, axial velocity/blade speed ratio, Reynolds number and aspect ratio.

CFD Modeling of Transient Flow Phenomena in an Axial Flow VAD

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandrina Untaroiu ◽  
Amy L. Throckmorton ◽  
Houston G. Wood ◽  
Paul E. Allaire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cfd Modeling ◽  
Ventricular Assist ◽  
Pump Design ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cfd Analyses

A ventricular assist device (VAD) effectively relieves the workload from a native heart, which has been weakened by disease, and increases blood flow supplied to the body to maintain normal physiologic function. The device must be able to operate over a wide range of conditions. Designed to operate at a single, best-efficiency operating point, it must frequently perform at off-design conditions due to a fluctuating flow rate demanded by the human body and a time varying flow within the pump, due to the beating of the native heart. The design and optimization of a blood pump is a challenging and complex process. Pump design equations are used to estimate the initial dimensions of the pump regions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are then performed to optimize the blood flow path according to specific design criteria under steady flow conditions [1].

Investigation on a Type of Flow Control to Weaken Unsteady Separated Flows by Unsteady Excitation in Axial Flow Compressors

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Qian Zheng ◽  
Xiao-Bo Zhou ◽  
Sheng Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Excitation Amplitude ◽  
High Order Scheme ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optimal Excitation ◽  
Suction And Blowing ◽  
Axial Flow Compressors

By solving unsteady Reynolds-averaged 2-D N-S equations discretized by a high-order scheme, the results showed that the disordered unsteady separated flow could be effectively controlled by periodic suction and blowing in a wide range of incidence, resulting in enhancement of time-averaged aerodynamic performances. The effects of unsteady excitation frequency, amplitude and excitation location were investigated in detail. The effective excitation frequency spans a wide spectrum and there is an optimal excitation frequency that is nearly equal to the Characteristic frequency of vortex shedding. Excitation amplitude exhibits a threshold value (nearly 10% in term of the ratio of maximum velocity of periodic suction and blowing to the velocity of free flow) and an optimal value (nearly 35%). The optimal excitation location is just upstream of the separation point. We also explored feasible unsteady actuators by utilizing upstream wake for constraining unsteady separation in axial flow compressors.

Numerical Characterization of Hot-Gas Ingestion Through Turbine Rim Seals

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Da Soghe ◽  
Cosimo Bianchini ◽  
Carl M. Sangan ◽  
James A. Scobie ◽  
Gary D. Lock
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Radial Clearance ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thermal Buffering

This paper deals with a numerical study aimed at the characterization of hot-gas ingestion through turbine rim seals. The numerical campaign focused on an experimental facility which models ingress through the rim seal into the upstream wheel-space of an axial-turbine stage. Single-clearance arrangements were considered in the form of axial- and radial-seal gap configurations. With the radial-seal clearance configuration, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) steady-state solutions were able to predict the system sealing effectiveness over a wide range of coolant mass flow rates reasonably well. The greater insight of flow field provided by the computations illustrates the thermal buffering effect when ingress occurs: For a given sealing flow rate, the effectiveness on the rotor was significantly higher than that on the stator due to the axial flow of hot gases from stator to rotor caused by pumping effects. The predicted effectiveness on the rotor was compared with a theoretical model for the thermal buffering effect showing good agreement. When the axial-seal clearance arrangement is considered, the agreement between CFD and experiments worsens; the variation of sealing effectiveness with coolant flow rate calculated by means of the simulations displays a distinct kink. It was found that the “kink phenomenon” can be ascribed to an overestimation of the egress spoiling effects due to turbulence modeling limitations. Despite some weaknesses in the numerical predictions, the paper shows that CFD can be used to characterize the sealing performance of axial- and radial-clearance turbine rim seals.

Modeling of Turbulent Flows Through the Annular Channel with Eccentricity and Rotating Inner Cilinder

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Evgeny Podryabinkin ◽  
Valeriy Rudyak
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Annular Channel ◽  
Rotational Flow ◽  
Concentric Annulus ◽  
Cylindrical Annulus ◽  
Wide Range

In this paper fully developed turbulent flows of Newtonian fluid in cylindrical annulus with eccentricity and rotating inner cylinder has been systematically studied. Modeling has been performed on the base of Menter Shear Transport model of turbulence in a wide range of Reynolds numbers, eccentricity, and radii ratio. As the result dependencies of flow field and pressure drop along the channel on geometrical and flow parameters have been found. It was shown that flow characteristics and dependence of the pressure drop are determined by which flow axial or rotational dominates and caused generation of turbulence. When rotational flow dominates the dependence of the pressure drop is almost linear. When axial flow dominates rotation practically has no impact on the pressure drop in concentric annulus. Appearance of the reverse flow in eccentric channel has a major impact on the pressure drop. In case when rotational flow dominates, appearance of the reverse flow is accompanied by threshold flow restructuring at some critical value of eccentricity. A correlation for determination of the pressure drop in various regimes has been developed for the case of concentric annulus

Performance Study of a Mixed Flow Impeller Covering an Unsteady Flow Field

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Axial Flow ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Mixed Flow ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reversal Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Flow Pump

The results presented here are part of a detailed programme measuring the aerodynamics of a high specific speed mixed flow pump impeller over a wide range of operating conditions, including its behaviour in the unsteady stalled regime. The aim is to elucidate the physics of the flow through such an impeller. The noticeable features are the formation of part-span rotating stall cells having no periodicity and organized structure at reduced flow and also the shifting positions of reversal flow pockets as the flowrate changes. Measurements of loss and its variation with span-wise positions and flowrates enable the variation of local efficiency to be determined. The overall flow picture is similar to that expected in an axial flow impeller, though the present impeller displays a narrow stall hysteresis loop almost right through its operating range.

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