Penetration of 6061-T651 Aluminum Targets With Rigid Long Rods

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Forrestal ◽  
K. Okajima ◽  
V. K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Cavity Expansion ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Penetration Depths

We developed engineering models for forces on rigid, long rods with spherical, ogival, and conical noses that penetrated rate independent, elastic-perfectly plastic targets. The spherical and cylindrical, cavity-expansion approximations simplified the target analyses, so we obtained closed-form penetration equations. To verify our models, we performed terminal-ballistic experiments with 7.1-mm dia., 0.024 kg, marging steel rods and 152-mm dia., 6061-T651 aluminum targets. The models predicted penetration depths that were in reasonable agreement with the data for impact velocities between 0.4-1.4 km/s.

Penetration of Strain-Hardening Targets With Rigid Spherical-Nose Rods

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Forrestal ◽  
N. S. Brar ◽  
V. K. Luk
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Spherical Cavity ◽  
Cavity Expansion ◽  
Rigid Rods ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
Spherical Nose ◽  
Spherical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Penetration Depths ◽  
Good Agreement

We developed engineering models that predict forces and penetration depth for long, rigid rods with spherical noses and rate-independent, strain-hardening targets. The spherical cavity expansion approximation simplified the target analysis, so we obtained closed-form penetration equations that showed the geometric and material scales. To verify our models, we conducted terminal-ballistic experiments with three projectile geometries made of maraging steel and 6061-T651 aluminum targets. The models predicted penetration depths that were in good agreement with the data for impact velocities between 0.3 and 1.0 km/s.

GENERATING PENETRATION RESISTANCE FUNCTIONS WITH A VIRTUAL PENETRATION LABORATORY (VPL): APPLICATIONS TO PROJECTILE PENETRATION AND STRUCTURAL RESPONSE SIMULATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250024
Author(s):  
MARK D. ADLEY ◽  
ANDREAS O. FRANK ◽  
KENT T. DANIELSON ◽  
STEPHEN A. AKERS ◽  
JAMES D. CARGILE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Response ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Cavity Expansion ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Transformation Algorithms ◽  
Elastic Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
Steel Projectiles ◽  
Spherical Nose

A new software package called the Virtual Penetration Laboratory (VPL) has been developed to automatically generate and optimize penetration resistance functions. We have used this VPL code to generate highly "tuned" penetration resistance functions that can distinctly model the penetration trajectory of steel projectiles into rate-independent, elastic-perfectly plastic aluminum targets. Projectiles with arbitrary nose geometry were considered in this example (i.e. conical, ogival, and spherical nose shapes). The penetration resistance of the aluminum target was determined by numerically solving a series of spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion problems. The solution to these cavity expansion problems were obtained with an explicit, dynamic finite element code that accounts for material and geometric nonlinearities. The resulting cavity expansion equations are then transformed to penetration resistance functions using various transformation algorithms, in order to determine an appropriate method to spatially distribute the resisting stresses on the projectile nose. The resulting penetration resistance functions were then used in a penetration trajectory code to predict the actual trajectories observed from a set of similar experiments.

scholarly journals Spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion models based prediction of penetration depths of concrete targets

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0175785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochao Jin ◽  
Huawei Yang ◽  
Xueling Fan ◽  
Zhihua Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Shu
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Cavity ◽  
Cavity Expansion ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Penetration Depths

Dynamic finite cylindrical cavity-expansion models for cellular steel tube confined concrete targets normally impacted by rigid sharp-nosed projectiles

2021 ◽  
pp. 204141962110272
Author(s):  
Chaomei Meng ◽  
Dianyi Song ◽  
Qinghua Tan ◽  
Zhigang Jiang ◽  
Liangcai Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cylindrical Cavity ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Confinement Effect ◽  
Confined Concrete ◽  
Cavity Expansion ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Cylindrical Cavity Expansion ◽  
Infinite Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Response Modes

Cellular steel-tube-confined concrete (CSTCC) targets show improved anti-penetration performance over single-cell STCC targets due to the confinement effect of surrounding cells on the impacted cell. Dynamic finite cylindrical cavity-expansion (FCCE) models including radial confinement effect were developed to predict the depth of penetration (DOP) for CSTCC targets normally penetrated by rigid sharp-nosed projectiles, and stiffness of radial confinement was achieved with the elastic solution of infinite cylindrical shell in Winkler medium. Steady responses of dynamic FCCE models were obtained on the assumption of incompressibility of concrete, failure of comminuted zone with Heok–Brown criterion and two possible response modes of the confined concrete in the impacted cell. Furthermore, a DOP model for CSTCC targets normally impacted by rigid projectiles was also proposed on the basis of the dynamic FCCE approximate model. Lastly, relevant penetration tests of CSTCC targets normally penetrated by 12.7 mm armor piecing projectile (APP) were taken as examples to validate the dynamic FCCE models and the corresponding DOP model. The results show that the DOP results based on dynamic FCCE model agree well with those of the CSTCC targets normally penetrated by rigid conical or other sharp-nosed projectiles.

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