scholarly journals Utility of Periurethral Electric Stimulation to Reduce Voiding Frequency in Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Forrest ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
A. Bicek ◽  
G. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Urinary Continence ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Stimulation Of

Urinary continence is maintained through coordination of electrical (nervous) and mechanical (muscles, ligaments and other structures) systems in the body. During micturition, the central nervous system sends a signal to the detrusor and sphincter muscles to coordinate voiding. Pathological problems can undermine either of the two systems and result in urinary incontinence (UI). Thirteen million people in the United States live with UI. Clinical treatments to date are largely mechanical in nature, restoring function through surgical interventions. However, electrically-based treatments, such as electric stimulation, offer a promising alternative. Here we investigate the utility of electrical stimulation of the periurethral neuromusculature to reduce voiding contractions in well-controlled animal experiments. Female Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized with a ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine cocktail and the bladder was catheterized through a small incision in the bladder dome and was infused with saline. Continuous filling of the bladder triggered related cycles of voiding which was identified through bladder pressure increases and visual urination. The pubic symphysis bone was cut to expose the urethra and a stimulating electrode was placed in the periurethral region. The electrical stimulation parameters were 2.8 mA of current, 200 us pluses, and 20 Hz. The electrical stimulation was done in fifteen minute intervals. Statistically, the rats without electrical stimulation have an average contraction period of 63.1 sec (+/– 31.3 sec) and the rats with electrical stimulation have an average contraction period of 97.2 sec (+/– 43.0 sec). The results showed that the electrical stimulation of the periurethral neuromusculature in the group revealed 54.0% increase in average contraction period and decrease in voiding frequency. Electrical stimulation of the periurethral neuromusculature increases the voiding interval and void volume for the rats. This suggests the existence of an external urinary sphincter to the bladder inhibitory pathway and supports periurethral neuromusculature stimulation as an alternative to spinal nerve stimulation for the treatment of bladder overactivity.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of Injected Muscles to Boost Botulinum Toxin Effect on Spasticity: Rationale, Systematic Review and State of the Art

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Alessandro Picelli ◽  
Mirko Filippetti ◽  
Giorgio Sandrini ◽  
Cristina Tassorelli ◽  
Roberto De Icco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Botulinum Toxins ◽  
Stimulation Of

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) represents a first-line treatment for spasticity, a common disabling consequence of many neurological diseases. Electrical stimulation of motor nerve endings has been reported to boost the effect of BoNT-A. To date, a wide range of stimulation protocols has been proposed in the literature. We conducted a systematic review of current literature on the protocols of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection in patients with spasticity. A systematic search using the MeSH terms “electric stimulation”, “muscle spasticity” and “botulinum toxins” and strings “electric stimulation [mh] OR electrical stimulation AND muscle spasticity [mh] OR spasticity AND botulinum toxins [mh] OR botulinum toxin type A” was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, PEDro and Cochrane library electronic databases. Full-text articles written in English and published from database inception to March 2021 were included. Data on patient characteristics, electrical stimulation protocols and outcome measures were collected. This systematic review provides a complete overview of current literature on the role of electrical stimulation to boost the effect of BoNT-A injection for spasticity, together with a critical discussion on its rationale based on the neurobiology of BoNT-A uptake.

Convergence of heterotopic nociceptive information onto neurons of caudal medullary reticular formation in monkey (Macaca fascicularis)

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Villanueva ◽  
K. D. Cliffer ◽  
L. S. Sorkin ◽  
D. Le Bars ◽  
W. D. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Background Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thermal Stimulation ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Nociceptive Information ◽  
Noxious Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Recordings were made in anesthetized monkeys from neurons in the medullary reticular formation (MRF) caudal to the obex. Responses of 19 MRF neurons to mechanical, thermal, and/or electrical stimulation were examined. MRF neurons exhibited convergence of nociceptive cutaneous inputs from widespread areas of the body and face. 2. MRF neurons exhibited low levels of background activity. Background activity increased after periods of intense cutaneous mechanical or thermal stimulation. Nearly all MRF neurons tested failed to respond to heterosensory stimuli (flashes, whistle sounds), and none responded to joint movements. 3. MRF neurons were excited by and encoded the intensity of noxious mechanical stimulation. Responses to stimuli on contralateral limbs were greater than those to stimuli on ipsilateral limbs. Responses were greater to stimuli on the forelimbs than to stimuli on the hindlimbs. 4. MRF neurons responded to noxious thermal stimulation (51 degrees C) of widespread areas of the body. Mean responses from stimulation at different locations were generally parallel to those for noxious mechanical stimulation. Responses increased with intensity of noxious thermal stimulation (45-50 degrees C). 5. MRF neurons responded with one or two peaks of activation to percutaneous electrical stimulation applied to the limbs, the face, or the tail. The differences in latency of responses to stimulating two locations along the tail suggested that activity was elicited by activation of peripheral fibers with a mean conduction velocity in the A delta range. Stimulation of the contralateral hindlimb elicited greater responses, with lower thresholds and shorter latencies, than did stimulation of the ipsilateral hindlimb. 6. Electrophysiological properties of monkey MRF neurons resembled those of neurons in the medullary subnucleus reticularis dorsalis (SRD) in the rat. Neurons in the caudal medullary reticular formation could play a role in processing nociceptive information. Convergence of nociceptive cutaneous input from widespread areas of the body suggests that MRF neurons may contribute to autonomic, affective, attentional, and/or sensory-motor processes related to pain.

Modulation of neglect hemianesthesia by transcutaneous electrical stimulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Vallar ◽  
Maria Luisa Rusconi ◽  
Bruno Bernardini
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Tactile Perception ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Right Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation on deficits of tactile perception contralateral to a hemispheric lesion were investigated in 10 right brain-damaged patients and in four left brain-damaged patients. The somatosensory deficit recovered, transiently and in part, after stimulation of the side of the neck contralateral to the side of the lesion, in all 10 patients with lesions in the right hemisphere, both with (six cases) and without (four cases) left visuo-spatial hemineglect, and in one left brain-damaged patient with right hemineglect. In three left brain-damaged patients without hemineglect, the treatment had no detectable effects. In one right brain-damaged patient, the stimulation of the side of the neck ipsilateral to the side of the lesion temporarily worsened the somatosensory deficit. These effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation are similar to those of vestibular stimulation. The suggestion is made that these treatments modulate, through afferent sensory pathways, higher-order spatial representations of the body, which are pathologically distorted toward the side of the lesion. The modulatory effect is direction-specific: the defective internal representation of the contralesional side may be either partly restored, improving the disorder of tactile perception, or further impoverished, worsening the deficit. The possible neural basis of this modulation is discussed. (JINS, 1996, 2, 452–459.)

The Effects of Stimulation of Ear Acupuncture Points on the Body's Pain Threshold

1979 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikatsu Kitade ◽  
Masayoshi Hyodo
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Ear Acupuncture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Radiation Heat ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Body Locus

Six ear acupuncture points, one non-acupuncture ear point, and the body locus Ho-Ku (LI-4) were electrically stimulated in order to compare the effects of stimulation on the body's pain threshold at selected loci on various points on the body by measurement with a radiation heat-type Pain Meter on 5 subjects. The ear points, with the exception of the non-acupuncture ear point, were found to be effective even in peripheral body regions in varying degrees. Ear stimulation did not increase the threshold as rapidly as Ho-Ku. In all cases where the pain threshold was raised, the effect persisted after electrical stimulation had stopped.

scholarly journals Are Primo Vessels (PVs) on the Surface of Gastrointestine Involved in Regulation of Gastric Motility Induced by Stimulating Acupoints ST36 or CV12?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Hong Shi ◽  
Hongyan Shang ◽  
Yangshuai Su ◽  
Juanjuan Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Motility ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inhibition Rate ◽  
Anatomical Basis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acupuncture Meridian ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stimulation Of

Previous studies showed primo vessels (PVs), which were referred to as Bonhan ducts (BHDs) and a part of circulatory system by Kim, located in different places of the body. The BHDs system was once considered as the anatomical basis of classical acupuncture meridian but not clearly identified by other investigators. In the present study, we tried to address the relationship between PVs and meridians through detecting the modulation of gastric motility by stimulating the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine, as well as acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Zhongwan (CV12). The results showed electric stimulation of the PVs had no effect on the gastric motility. While stimulating CV12 inhibited gastric motility significantly in PVs-intact and PVs-cut rats, there is no significant difference between the inhibition rate of the PVS-intact and the PVS-cut rats. Stimulating at ST36 increased gastric motility significantly in both the PVs-intact and the PVs-cut rats, yet there was no significant difference between the facilitation rate of the both groups. Taken together, the PVs on the surface of stomach or intestine did not mediate the regulation of gastric motility induced by stimulating at the acupoints ST36 or CV12.

Plasticity of Bat's Central Auditory System Evoked by Focal Electric Stimulation of Auditory and/or Somatosensory Cortices

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Ma ◽  
Nobuo Suga
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Acoustic Stimulus ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Recent findings indicate that the corticofugal system would play an important role in cortical plasticity as well as collicular plasticity. To understand the role of the corticofugal system in plasticity, therefore, we studied the amount and the time course of plasticity in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC) evoked by focal electrical stimulation of the AC and also the effect of electrical stimulation of the somatosensory cortex on the plasticity evoked by the stimulation of the AC. In adult big brown bats ( Eptesicus fuscus), we made the following major findings. 1) Electric stimulation of the AC evokes best frequency (BF) shifts, i.e., shifts in frequency-response curves of collicular and cortical neurons. These BF shifts start to occur within 2 min, reach a maximum (or plateau) at 30 min, and then recover ∼180 min after a 30-min-long stimulus session. When the stimulus session is lengthened from 30 to 90 min, the plateau lasts ∼60 min, but BF shifts recover ∼180 min after the session. 2) The electric stimulation of the somatosensory cortex delivered immediately after that of the AC, as in fear conditioning, evokes a dramatic lengthening of the recovery period of the cortical BF shifts but not that of the collicular BF shift. The electric stimulation of the somatosensory cortex delivered before that of the AC, as in backward conditioning, has no effect on the collicular and cortical BF shifts. 3) Electric stimulation of the AC evokes BF shifts not only in the ipsilateral IC and AC but also in the contralateral IC and AC. BF shifts are smaller in amount and shorter in recovery time for contralateral collicular and cortical neurons than for ipsilateral ones. Our findings support the hypothesis that the AC and the corticofugal system have an intrinsic mechanism for reorganization of the IC and AC, that the reorganization is highly specific to a value of an acoustic parameter (frequency), and that the reorganization is augmented by excitation of nonauditory sensory cortex that makes the acoustic stimulus behaviorally relevant to the animal through associative learning.

Neurally mediated gastric mucosal damage in hypophysectomized rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn E. Hierlihy ◽  
John L. Wallace ◽  
Alastair V. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Gastric Damage ◽  
Gastric Mucosal Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Vagal Nerves ◽  
Scale Control ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of the pituitary hormones in the development of neurally mediated gastric mucosal damage was examined in both normal and hypophysectomized urethane-anaesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats. Gastric mucosal damage was elicited either by electrical stimulation of intact vagal nerves or by electrical stimulation in the paraventricular nucleus. Macroscopic damage was scored following the stimulation period and samples of the stomach were fixed for histological assessment. Damage scores were assigned based on a 0 (normal) to 3 (severe) scale. Control experiments in which the vagi were not stimulated did not result in any significant gastric damage in either normal (0.56) or sham surgery (0.14) animals, whereas hypophysectomized animals were observed to have significant damage (1.44, p < 0.05). Stimulation of the vagi in hypophysectomized animals resulted in damage that was not significantly different compared with the hypophysectomized control animals (1.25, p > 0.05). In normal animals, stimulation of vagal nerves resulted in mean damage scores of 2.00, values that were not significantly different from those observed in hypophysectomized animals (1.25, p > 0.05). Similarly, stimulation in the paraventricular nucleus of hypophysectomized animals resulted in gastric lesions (2.00) that were not significantly different from those observed in normal animals (1.91, p > 0.05). These data suggest that such neurally mediated gastric damage does not depend upon neurosecretory projections to the pituitary gland, but that the maintenance of an intact gastric mucosa under normal conditions requires the presence of pituitary hormones.Key words: vagus, paraventricular nucleus, hypophysectomy, gastric.

Effects of stimulation of nucleus ambiguus complex on gastroduodenal function

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. G253-G262 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. Pagani ◽  
W. P. Norman ◽  
D. K. Kasbekar ◽  
R. A. Gillis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Gastric Ph ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Pepsinogen Secretion ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility ◽  
Stimulation Of

We investigated the effects of stimulation of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) complex on gastroduodenal motility and gastric secretion in alpha-chloralose-anesthetized cats. Motility was measured by use of extraluminal force transducers sutured to the body, antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. Secretion was measured by determining changes in gastric pH, titratable acidity, and pepsinogen activity. Stimulation of the NA complex (right NA in 11 animals and left NA in 8 animals) elicited contractions of the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum, as well as sinus bradycardia and hypotension using stimulus parameters of 133 microA, 50 Hz, and 0.2-ms pulse duration. Both the motility and cardiovascular responses evoked by electrical stimulation of the NA complex were prevented by ipsilateral vagotomy. The optimum stimulus frequency for eliciting increases in gastroduodenal motility was 50 Hz. Frequencies higher than 50 Hz resulted in attenuated motility responses. This was not true of the heart rate response, as sinus bradycardia was maximal at 10 Hz and was maintained to 100 Hz. Electrical stimulation of the NA complex (8 animals) had no effect on pepsinogen secretion or titratable acidity, but produced a small (0.21 pH units) but significant increase in gastric pH. These results indicate that 1) stimulation of the NA complex results in pronounced increases in motility mediated by the ipsilateral vagus nerve, and 2) the pathways mediating these motility responses appear to involve more synapses than the pathways mediating the motor responses to the heart.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document