Tissue Culture Cells on Deformable Substrata: Biomechanical Implications

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert K. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Body Move

A method has been developed for the study of the forces which individual cells exert during their locomotion. Polydimethyl-siloxane (silicone fluid) was crosslinked on its surface by brief flaming to form a thin layer of silicone rubber. Tissue culture cells of many types were then plated out onto these rubber substrata and the propulsive forces these cells exert as they adhere and spread became visible as wrinkles and other distortions in the rubber. From time-lapse films of these distortions, it appears that the component cells of the body move by exerting shearing forces through their plasma membranes. How these forces are exerted and how this technique for observing them could be made more quantitative are discussed.

Labeling of Animal Cells with Fluorescent Dansyl Cerebroside

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 737-740b ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Bhk Cells ◽  
Nuclear Membranes ◽  
Fluorescent Microscope ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Chicken Erythrocytes

Abstract A dansyl (diaminonaphthalenesulfonyl)-derivative of cerebroside was prepared which could be effectively incorporated into the plasma membranes of tissue culture cells and erythrocytes. The cells which had assimilated the glycolipid fluoresced intensely and could be observed under a fluorescent microscope. Cells were initially labeled rather homogeneously over the whole surface. With longer incubation time organization of the fluorescent glycolipid took place and patches of the lipid in the membrane were formed. The redistribution and organization of the membrane lipid could be demonstrated most clearly when cells labeled with this fluorescent glycolipid were infected with myxoviruses. After infection of MDBK and BHK cells with fowl plague virus areas of dense fluorescence appeared at margines of neighboring cells. When BHK cells were infected with Newcastle disease virus fusion of the cells was accompanied by complete redistribution of the glycolipid. Erythrocytes could also easily incorporate dansyl cerebroside. Chicken erythrocytes which contain cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes incorporated the fluorescent glycolipid in both membranes.

scholarly journals THE USE OF MILLIPORE FILTERS IN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF CELL CULTURES AND VIRUSES

1968 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. McCombs ◽  
Matilda Benyesh-Melnick ◽  
J. Pierre Brunschwig
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Satellite Viruses ◽  
Murine Leukemia ◽  
Millipore Filters

A technique is described for embedding tissue culture cells that have been adsorbed or grown on Millipore filters. The acetone used during the embedding process rendered the filters transparent so that specific areas or cells could be chosen with the aid of the light microscope. Lymphoblastoid cells processed on the filters possessed well-defined plasma membranes and microvilli which were rarely present in cells from parallel cultures that were prepared by pelleting in the centrifuge. Fibroblast cells grown on filters retained their elongated appearance, in contrast to the rounded cells in pelleted preparations. Millipore filters were also used as a means of embedding virus pellets for sectioning. Preparations containing as few as 4 x 108 virus particles were suitable for study by the filter technique. Crude tissue-culture harvests of vaccinia virus and purified preparations of Rauscher murine leukemia and adeno-satellite viruses were successfully examined.

Transfer of Glycolipid between Membranes of Tissue Culture Cells, Using Dansylcerebroside as a Model

1977 ◽  
Vol 32 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cellular Membranes ◽  
Bhk Cells ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Mode Of Attachment

Abstract Donor cells, which had incorporated dansylcerebroside in their membranes, could further transfer this glycolipid to monolayers of acceptor cells. The ease of transfer varied among acceptor cells, BHK cells being the best and MDBK cells the poorest acceptors of the cells tested. The process of transfer seemed to be mediated by lipids rather than by proteins of the membranes. The mode of attachment between donors and acceptors, such as classified as loose contact, tight adhesion or binding by lectin, did not significantly influence the extent of glycolipid transfer. However, modification of plasma membranes by infection of acceptor cells with myxoviruses re­sulted in enhancement of glycolipid transfer in some cases. Various factors have been evaluated with respect to dynamics of cellular membranes.

Cytoplasmic Tubules in Cells Infected with Laryngotracheitis Virus

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 376-377
Author(s):  
A. M. Watrach
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Chicken Embryo ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽  
Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽  
In Cells

During a study of the development of infectious laryngotracheitis (LT) virus in tissue culture cells, unusual tubular formations were found in the cytoplasm of a small proportion of the affected cells. It is the purpose of this report to describe the morphologic characteristics of the tubules and to discuss their possible association with the development of virus.The source and maintenance of the strain of LT virus have been described. Prior to this study, the virus was passed several times in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) tissue culture cells.

Sulfhydryl bond formation is a prerequisite for proper cycling of centrosomes and chromosomes in mammalian tissue culture cells

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
Heide Schatten ◽  
Neidhard Paweletz ◽  
Ron Balczon
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Sulfhydryl Group ◽  
Mammalian Tissue ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Microtubule Network ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron

To study the role of sulfhydryl group formation during cell cycle progression, mammalian tissue culture cells (PTK2) were exposed to 100¼M 2-mercaptoethanol for 2 to 6 h during their exponential phase of growth. The effects of 2-mercaptoethanol on centrosomes, chromosomes, microtubules, membranes and intermediate filaments were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) methods using a human autoimmune antibody directed against centrosomes (SPJ), and a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against tubulin (E7). Chromosomes were affected most by this treatment: premature chromosome condensation was detected in interphase nuclei, and the structure in mitotic chromosomes was altered compared to control cells. This would support previous findings in dividing sea urchin cells in which chromosomes are arrested at metaphase while the centrosome splitting cycle continues. It might also support findings that certairt-sulfhydryl-blocking agents block cyclin destruction. The organization of the microtubule network was scattered probably due to a looser organization of centrosomal material at the interphase centers and at the mitotic poles.

UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase activity of the tissue culture of white poplars (Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Bilisics ◽  
Štefan Karácsonyi ◽  
Marta Kubačková
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Activity Change ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
Galactose Content

The presence of UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) in the culture tissue of white poplar was evidenced. As found, the partially purified enzyme preparation contained UDP-D-glucose glucosyltransferase, UDP-D-galactose galactosyltransferase and non-specific enzymes able to cleave the uridine-diphosphate saccharides into the appropriate hexose monophosphates. The activity change of UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase in tissue culture cells during the growth was in accord with changes in D-galactose content in cell walls and indicated the possibility to regulate the formation of polysaccharides containing D-galactose at the level of production of UDP-D-galactose in cells.

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