Correlation of Field Injuries and GM Hybrid III Dummy Responses for Lap-Shoulder Belt Restraint

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Nyquist ◽  
P. C. Begman ◽  
A. I. King ◽  
H. J. Mertz
Keyword(s):  
General Motors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Injury Data ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Accident Injury ◽  
Head Neck

Simulated frontal, lap-shoulder belted, barrier impact tests were performed using a Volvo sedan and General Motors Hybrid III anthropomorphic test dummy. Swedish field accident injury data for this vehicle are available from another published study. For the purpose of this program, the injuries were logically subdivided into four body regions: head, neck, thorax, and lower torso. The Hybrid III has instrumentation in each of these regions. The results of three replicated tests at barrier equivalent velocities of nominally 32 and 48 km/h are discussed in terms of the field injuries, thereby providing a basis for more intelligent interpretation of future Hybrid III test results.

scholarly journals Fully automated image-based estimation of postural point-features in children with cerebral palsy using deep learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 191011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Cunningham ◽  
María B. Sánchez ◽  
Penelope B. Butler ◽  
Matthew J. Southgate ◽  
Ian D. Loram
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Linear Interpolation ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Trunk Control ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Testing Linear ◽  
Head Neck

The aim of this study was to provide automated identification of postural point-features required to estimate the location and orientation of the head, multi-segmented trunk and arms from videos of the clinical test ‘Segmental Assessment of Trunk Control’ (SATCo). Three expert operators manually annotated 13 point-features in every fourth image of 177 short (5–10 s) videos (25 Hz) of 12 children with cerebral palsy (aged: 4.52 ± 2.4 years), participating in SATCo testing. Linear interpolation for the remaining images resulted in 30 825 annotated images. Convolutional neural networks were trained with cross-validation, giving held-out test results for all children. The point-features were estimated with error 4.4 ± 3.8 pixels at approximately 100 images per second. Truncal segment angles (head, neck and six thoraco-lumbar–pelvic segments) were estimated with error 6.4 ± 2.8°, allowing accurate classification ( F 1 > 80%) of deviation from a reference posture at thresholds up to 3°, 3° and 2°, respectively. Contact between arm point-features (elbow and wrist) and supporting surface was classified at F 1 = 80.5%. This study demonstrates, for the first time, technical feasibility to automate the identification of (i) a sitting segmental posture including individual trunk segments, (ii) changes away from that posture, and (iii) support from the upper limb, required for the clinical SATCo.

The Influence of Hard Hat Design Features on Head Acceleration Attenuation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arthur Alves Dos Santos ◽  
James Sorce ◽  
Alexandra Schonning ◽  
Grant Bevill
Keyword(s):  
Lead Shot ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Protective Capacity ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Shell Design ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Hard Hat ◽  
Head Neck

This study evaluated the performance of 6 commercially available hard hat designs—differentiated by shell design, number of suspension points, and suspension tightening system—in regard to their ability to attenuate accelerations during vertical impacts to the head. Tests were conducted with impactor materials of steel, wood, and lead shot (resembling commonly seen materials in a construction site), weighing 1.8 and 3.6 kg and dropped from 1.83 m onto a Hybrid III head/neck assembly. All hard hats appreciably reduced head acceleration to the unprotected condition. However, neither the addition of extra suspension points nor variations in suspension tightening mechanism appreciably influenced performance. Therefore, these results indicate that additional features available in current hard hat designs do not improve protective capacity as related to head acceleration metrics.

PREDICTION OF A MODIFIED PTW MODEL FOR VARIOUS TAYLOR IMPACT TESTS OF TANTALUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (31n32) ◽  
pp. 6247-6252 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG-BONG KIM ◽  
HYUNHO SHIN
Keyword(s):  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Constitutive Behavior ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Taylor Impact ◽  
Prediction Capability ◽  
Voce Equation

The strain hardening part of the Preston-Tonks-Wallace (PTW) model, developed for the description of the plastic constitutive behavior of materials at wide ranges of strain, strain rate, and temperature, has been modified by employing the Voce equation. The prediction capability of the modified PTW (MPTW) has been investigated with reference to Taylor impact test results in the literature, and comparison has been made with the models of Johnson-Cook (JC), Steiberg-Guinan (SG), Zerilli-Armstrong (ZA), and PTW. Of the compared existing models, no model was appropriate for describing the results of various Taylor impact tests. However, the modified PTW is shown to predict fairly accurate results in terms of the length, diameter, and shape of the deformed specimen tested at different temperatures and impact velocity.

The effect of five different administration intervals on the pharmacokinetics (pk) of paclitaxel (PTX) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) association regimen

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13012-13012
Author(s):  
M. Airoldi ◽  
L. Cattel ◽  
R. Passera ◽  
P. Milla ◽  
E. Cerutti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Compartmental Analysis ◽  
Head Neck Cancer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Administration Interval ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Recurrent Head

13012 Background: The PTX-PLD association is a promising schedule for recurrent head/neck cancer. Their pk behavior could be dependent not only on PTX excipient (polyethoxylated castor oil) interference, but even on different i.v. administration intervals between the two drugs. This study evaluated any possible administration interval-dependent pk interaction, when PLD infusion started 0, 1, 3, 12 or 24 h after PTX infusion end. Methods: 25 patients, affected by recurrent cisplatin pre-treated squamous cell head/neck cancer, were randomized to receive PTX 80 mg/m2 q1w and PLD 12.5 mg/m2 q2w at administration intervals of 0, 1, 3, 12 or 24 h. Pk parameters were evaluated during the first course by non-compartmental analysis, while statistical analysis was performed by non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test. Results: Median PK parameters are reported in the table . PTX pk profile is strongly affected by PLD administration. PTX total exposure is highly reduced, with a consequent increase in Cltot; this alteration is totally due to Kel modifications. On the other side, no statistically significant interactions affected PLD pk parameters. Some in vitro experiments indicate that PLD is able to partially absorb PTX, driving to PTX plasmatic concentration reduction, when PLD is administered at 0–1 h intervals. Conclusions: PLD liposomal components seem to be able to entrap PTX, therefore reducing PTX plasmatic concentrations; so, it is very important to choose the ideal administration interval. In order to avoid pk interaction, the i.v. administration interval between PTX and PLD had to be 3 h at least. For shorter intervals, patients could be underexposed to PTX, with lesser clinical efficacy. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Cervical lympahadenitis with risperidone induced cervical dystonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ruchitha Reddy Akkati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spasmodic Torticollis ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Head Neck

<p class="abstract">Abiogenic cervical dystonia, the most ordinary form of adult-onset focal dystonia, is elucidated as reflex muscle contractions. Idiopathic cervical dystonia is also called as spasmodic torticollis. The most habitually obliging medications were tetrabenazine (68% of patients upgraded) and anticholinergics (39% upgraded). Clinical manifestations include spinal curvature, local pain, muscle spasm, head-neck tremor and tremor in additional body regions. Antipsychotic drugs induce persistent dystonia. Lymphadenitis particularly refers to lymphadenopathies that are kindled by inflammatory processes. Treatment for lymphadenitis is complete antibiotic course of 10-14 days. A female patient of 14 years old<strong> </strong>presented with altered sensorium and neck tightness. She was diagnosed with cervical lymphadenopathy with risperidone induced cervical dystonia. She was treated with antibiotics and the patient was relieved from her symptoms by stopping the intake of risperidone for about 2 days.</p>

Comparison of Multi-Test Device Skin Testing and Modified RAST Results

1998 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONATHAN L. LEVINE ◽  
RICHARD L. MABRY ◽  
CYNTHIA S. MABRY
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Allergy Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Inhalant Allergy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Wheal Size ◽  
Head Neck

The initial purpose of this study was to determine the potential correlation between allergy test results obtained with the Multi-Test skin testing method and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) blood test (used as a “standard”). Twenty patients with a history and physical examination findings suggestive of inhalant allergy underwent both a Multi-Test system screen (14 antigens plus histamine and glycerine controls) and RAST testing. The relationship between wheal size and Multi-Test system grade for each antigen and the corresponding RAST class was studied. The correlation between positive Multi-Test system and RAST results was poor, with an average agreement by antigen of 56.26% and overall agreement of 67.86%. However, the overall agreement between negative Multi-Test system results (≠1+) and negative RAST results (≠class I) was 95.15%, with an average agreement by antigen of 83.99%. On the basis of results of this preliminary study, it appears that a negative Multi-Test system result indicates that significant inhalant allergy is unlikely, whereas a positive Multi-Test system result necessitates follow-up with more definitive testing by additional skin testing or RAST. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998;118:797–9.)

Some effects of three glucocorticoid analogues on wool growth and their efficacy as defleecing agents in sheep

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto ◽  
RE Chapman ◽  
AM Downes ◽  
PJ Reis ◽  
ALC Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Head Neck

Some effects of the parenteral administration of three glucocorticoid analogues, namely Opticortenol (dexamethasone-21 -trimethylacetate), Decadron phosphate (dexamethasone-21 -phosphate) and the heterocyclic corticosteroid, Cortivazol, were observed on wool growth in sheep. None of the glucocorticoids was satisfactory for defleecing sheep, principally because of variation between sheep and between body regions in the wool growth response. Four main types of response to dosing with glucocorticoids were observed : Firstly, with some animals there was no obvious effect on wool growth. In a second category there was a well-defined 'break' in some wool fibres but the fleece as a whole was retained by other unbroken fibres. Thirdly, complete or partial shedding of the fleece was seen, unshed portions usually being present on the head, neck and shoulder regions and consisting mainly of broken wool fibres but also a proportion of whole fibres. Finally, prolonged wool growth depression without shedding of the fleece during the experimental period was also seen. Results indicated that to obtain shedding of the fleece in 15-20 days after dosage, wool growth needs to be reduced below 20 per cent of its pre-treatment values and regrowth must be rapid.

scholarly journals Crash-test dummy and pendulum impact tests of ice hockey boards: greater displacement does not reduce impact

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Uwe Schmitt ◽  
Markus H Muser ◽  
Hansjuerg Thueler ◽  
Othmar Bruegger
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Head Acceleration ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Biomechanical Loading ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Pendulum Impact

BackgroundOne injury mechanism in ice hockey is impact with the boards. We investigated whether more flexible hockey boards would provide less biomechanical loading on impact than did existing (reference) boards.MethodsWe conducted impact tests with a dynamic pendulum (mass 60 kg) and with crash test dummies (ES-2 dummy, 4.76 m/s impact speed). Outcomes were biomechanical loading experienced by a player in terms of head acceleration, impact force to the shoulder, spine, abdomen and pelvis as well as compression of the thorax.ResultsThe more flexible board designs featured substantial displacement at impact. Some so-called flexible boards were displaced four times more than the reference board. The new boards possessed less stiffness and up to 90 kg less effective mass, reducing the portion of the board mass a player experienced on impact, compared with boards with a conventional design. Flexible boards resulted in a similar or reduced loading for all body regions, apart from the shoulder. The displacement of a board system did not correlate directly with the biomechanical loading.ConclusionsFlexible board systems can reduce the loading of a player on impact. However, we found no correlation between the displacement and the biomechanical loading; accordingly, displacement alone was insufficient to characterise the overall loading of a player and thus the risk of injury associated with board impact. Ideally, the performance of boards is assessed on the basis of parameters that show a good correlation to injury risk.

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