Optimal Protection From Impact and Shock: Theory and Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 237-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Balandin ◽  
N. N. Bolotnik ◽  
W. D. Pilkey
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
External Disturbance ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Shock Isolation ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
Optimal Protection

This review article gives a historical perspective of the achievements in the theory and methods of optimization of isolation systems and outlines the most important results, including some practical applications. The effectiveness of shock isolation is reviewed and the fact that in some cases the utilization of isolators does not lead to a reduction in the force transmitted to the body to be protected is discussed. Mathematical formulations of basic problems of optimization of shock isolation systems are surveyed, including those for the case where the external disturbance is not precisely prescribed. Particular attention is given to the limiting performance analysis aimed at the establishment of an absolute optimum of the response of the system, irrespective of its design and engineering implementation. A significant portion of this paper is devoted to the basic achievements in the theory of shock isolation of systems with one degree of freedom. Analytical solutions for such systems are reviewed in detail. Various computational techniques are outlined and compared. Promising potential directions of further developments are discussed. An extensive bibliography of relevant publications is provided. Included in this review are numerous publications from the former Soviet Union which heretofore have not received much exposure elsewhere. This review article contains 234 references.

scholarly journals Multiculturalism at Czech universities as a predictor of diversity work place. The case of students from former Soviet Union

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 325-336
Author(s):  
Martina Rašticová ◽  
Valery Senichev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Work Place ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Majority Groups ◽  
Different Cultures

The study is focused on the problematic of spreading multiculturalism at universities in the Czech Republic. The number of immigrants mostly from regions of Eastern Europe coming to work and live in the country keeps growing. From previous research, it is apparent that success in dealing with immigrants at Universities and in the work places is conditioned by the perception of minorities and vice versa. Whereas most of the research is focused on the perception of minority groups, there is a lack of research data regarding the perception of majority groups. The current study is concerned with the perception of a majority group by foreign students from former Soviet Union studying at Czech universities. The methods were chosen to achieve the research objectives. We used free associations, which are best to explore the perception dimensions. A group of foreign students from the former Soviet Union (N = 55) studying at Czech universities were interviewed via the Internet. The research results proved the validity of Susan Fiske’s Model of Stereotype Content of inter-group perception based on agency – communion dimensions. Moreover, the findings showed how different cultures and social backgrounds change the patterns of judgment. These data are considered to be highly important for work in diversified groups. Practical applications of the research outcomes and future directions are discussed.

Ten years of transition: a review article

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Union Enlargement ◽  
In The Beginning

Ten years after the launching of the transition process, many books and reports are offering a balance sheet of the transformation that occurred in Central and Eastern Europe and in the former Soviet Union area. The review article looks at some of them, particularly at Grzegorz W. Kolodko’s book published in 2000, “From Shock to Therapy. The Political Economy of Postsocialist Transformation”. On the basis of this book and of some recent contributions, three major issues are discussed. First, why has there been such a recession in the beginning of the transition process in all countries, and was the recession inevitable? Second, due to the dire criticisms of the standard policy applied in these countries, dubbed the “Washington consensus”, has a “post-Washington consensus” emerged? Third, as we are already engaged in the second decade of the transition process, can we state when it is bound to be over, and what role is played by the European Union enlargement in accelerating the end of transition?

Democratization and Conflicts in Russia and the Newly Independent States

1997 ◽  
Vol 552 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
NATALIA MIRIMANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cultural Conflicts ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Conflict Analysis And Resolution ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Will ◽  
Newly Independent States

This article analyzes the relationship between conflicts and democratization processes in Russia and the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. The severe interethnic and political conflicts that marked the beginning of the era of democratization in the former Soviet Union still have not been resolved. These ongoing conflicts inhibit democratic reforms. States have neither the resources nor the will to promote the peaceful resolution of these conflicts. Nongovernmental, cooperative conflict resolution may provide some assistance in handling conflicts in the post-Soviet context. Drawing on her significant experience working in cross-cultural conflicts, the author provides illustrations of practical applications of conflict analysis and resolution skills and processes. Finally, in concluding the article, the author explores the connection between civil society building and peaceful conflict resolution.

Marital Stability Among Jewish and Mixed Couples Following Immigration to Israel From the Former Soviet Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Lavee ◽  
Ludmila Krivosh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Marital Instability ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Mixed Marriages ◽  
Marital Outcomes ◽  
Jewish Immigrants

This research aims to identify factors associated with marital instability among Jewish and mixed (Jewish and non-Jewish) couples following immigration from the former Soviet Union. Based on the Strangeness Theory and the Model of Acculturation, we predicted that non-Jewish immigrants would be less well adjusted personally and socially to Israeli society than Jewish immigrants and that endogamous Jewish couples would have better interpersonal congruence than mixed couples in terms of personal and social adjustment. The sample included 92 Jewish couples and 92 ethnically-mixed couples, of which 82 couples (40 Jewish, 42 mixed) divorced or separated after immigration and 102 couples (52 Jewish, 50 ethnically mixed) remained married. Significant differences were found between Jewish and non-Jewish immigrants in personal adjustment, and between endogamous and ethnically-mixed couples in the congruence between spouses in their personal and social adjustment. Marital instability was best explained by interpersonal disparity in cultural identity and in adjustment to life in Israel. The findings expand the knowledge on marital outcomes of immigration, in general, and immigration of mixed marriages, in particular.

The Contribution of Pavlov's Typology of CNS Properties to Personality Research

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Strelau
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
The West ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Personality Theories ◽  
Strength Of Excitation ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper presents Pavlov's contribution to the development of biological-oriented personality theories. Taking a short description of Pavlov's typology of central nervous system (CNS) properties as a point of departure, it shows how, and to what extent, this typology influenced further research in the former Soviet Union as well as in the West. Of special significance for the development of biologically oriented personality dimensions was the conditioned reflex paradigm introduced by Pavlov for studying individual differences in dogs. This paradigm was used by Russian psychologists in research on types of nervous systems conducted in different animal species as well as for assessing temperament in children and adults. Also, personality psychologists in the West, such as Eysenck, Spence, and Gray, incorporated the CR paradigm into their theories. Among the basic properties of excitation and inhibition on which Pavlov's typology was based, strength of excitation and the basic indicator of this property, protective inhibition, gained the highest popularity in arousaloriented personality theories. Many studies have been conducted in which the Pavlovian constructs of CNS properties have been related to different personality dimensions. In current research the behavioral expressions of the Pavlovian constructs of strength of excitation, strength of inhibition, and mobility of nervous processes as measured by the Pavlovian Temperament Survey (PTS) have been related to over a dozen of personality dimensions, mostly referring to temperament.

Transmigration und Kapitalismus

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
Julia Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Different Sources

Based on an ethnographical study the article presents the problems of Soviet migrants with capitalistic every day life. The reaction of the migrants and the role of their imagination of capitalism, which was formed by different sources in the former Soviet Union, is investigated.

Gemstone deposits of the former Soviet Union

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst M. Spiridonov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union
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