Carbon Capture for Automobiles Using Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engines

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Bilger ◽  
Zhijun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Specific Power Output

Internal combustion Rankine cycle (ICRC) power plants use oxy-fuel firing with recycled water in place of nitrogen to control combustion temperatures. High efficiency and specific power output can be achieved with this cycle, but importantly, the exhaust products are only CO2 and water vapor: The CO2 can be captured cheaply on condensation of the water vapor. Here we investigate the feasibility of using a reciprocating engine version of the ICRC cycle for automotive applications. The vehicle will carry its own supply of oxygen and store the captured CO2. On refueling with conventional gasoline, the CO2 will be off-loaded and the oxygen supply replenished. Cycle performance is investigated on the basis of fuel-oxygen-water cycle calculations. Estimates are made for the system mass, volume, and cost and compared with other power plants for vehicles. It is found that high thermal efficiencies can be obtained and that huge increases in specific power output are achievable. The overall power-plant system mass and volume will be dominated by the requirements for oxygen and CO2 storage. Even so, the performance of vehicles with ICRC power plants will be superior to those based on fuel cells and they will have much lower production costs. Operating costs arising from supply of oxygen and disposal of the CO2 are expected to be around 20 c/l of gasoline consumed and about $25/tonne of carbon controlled. Over all, ICRC engines are found to be a potentially competitive option for the powering of motor vehicles in the forthcoming carbon-controlled energy market.

The Isoengine: A Novel High Efficiency Engine With Optional Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Linnemann ◽  
Mike W. Coney ◽  
Anthony Price
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Compressed Air Energy Storage ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Specific Power Output ◽  
High Specific Power

A novel high efficiency reciprocating piston engine — the isoengine — is predicted to achieve net electrical efficiencies of up to 60% in units of 5 to 20 MWe size. The high efficiency and at the same time a high specific power output are achieved by integrating isothermal compression, recuperative preheating and isobaric combustion into a novel power cycle. The isoengine can utilize distillate oil, natural gas or suitable biofuels. While the first commercial isoengine is envisaged to have a power output of 7 MW, a 3 MW prototype engine is currently being tested. Since compression and combustion are performed in different cylinders, these processes can also be performed at different times such that the isoengine can be used to create a highly efficient small-scale compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. In such configuration, the engine can operate at more than 140% nominal load for a limited time, which depends on the air storage capacity.

scholarly journals Comparative Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Collectors Solar Power Plant with MARS Models

Energies ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Rogada ◽  
Lourdes Barcia ◽  
Juan Martinez ◽  
Mario Menendez ◽  
Francisco de Cos Juez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Solar Field

Power plants producing energy through solar fields use a heat transfer fluid that lends itself to be influenced and changed by different variables. In solar power plants, a heat transfer fluid (HTF) is used to transfer the thermal energy of solar radiation through parabolic collectors to a water vapor Rankine cycle. In this way, a turbine is driven that produces electricity when coupled to an electric generator. These plants have a heat transfer system that converts the solar radiation into heat through a HTF, and transfers that thermal energy to the water vapor heat exchangers. The best possible performance in the Rankine cycle, and therefore in the thermal plant, is obtained when the HTF reaches its maximum temperature when leaving the solar field (SF). In addition, it is necessary that the HTF does not exceed its own maximum operating temperature, above which it degrades. The optimum temperature of the HTF is difficult to obtain, since the working conditions of the plant can change abruptly from moment to moment. Guaranteeing that this HTF operates at its optimal temperature to produce electricity through a Rankine cycle is a priority. The oil flowing through the solar field has the disadvantage of having a thermal limit. Therefore, this research focuses on trying to make sure that this fluid comes out of the solar field with the highest possible temperature. Modeling using data mining is revealed as an important tool for forecasting the performance of this kind of power plant. The purpose of this document is to provide a model that can be used to optimize the temperature control of the fluid without interfering with the normal operation of the plant. The results obtained with this model should be necessarily contrasted with those obtained in a real plant. Initially, we compare the PID (proportional–integral–derivative) models used in previous studies for the optimization of this type of plant with modeling using the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model.

Performance Comparison and Parametric Analysis of sCO2 Power Cycles Configurations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali S. Alsagri ◽  
Andrew Chiasson ◽  
Ahmad Aljabr
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Power Cycles ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Specific Power Output ◽  
Improve Calculation

A thermodynamic analysis and optimization of four supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles were conducted in this study in order to improve calculation accuracy; the feasibility of the cycles; and compare the cycles’ design points. In particular, the overall thermal efficiency and the power output are the main targets in the optimization study. With respect to improving the accuracy of the analytical model, a computationally efficient technique using constant conductance (UA) to represent heat exchanger performances is executed. Four Brayton cycles involved in this compression analysis, simple recaptured, recompression, pre-compression, and split expansion. The four cycle configurations were thermodynamically modeled and optimized based on a genetic algorithm (GA) using an Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. Results show that at any operating condition under 600 °C inlet turbine temperature, the recompression sCO2 Brayton cycle achieves the highest thermal efficiency. Also, the findings show that the simple recuperated cycle has the highest specific power output in spite of its simplicity.

Power Augmentation Technologies for Gas Turbines: Alternatives for an Existing Simple Cycle Power Plant in Peru

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Celis ◽  
Sergio Peralta ◽  
Walter Galarza
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Simple Cycle ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Augmentation Techniques ◽  
Type Power

Abstract The influence of different power augmentation techniques used in gas turbines on the performance of simple cycle type power plants is assessed in this work. A computational model and tool realistically describing the performance of a typical simple cycle type power plant at design and off-design point conditions is initially developed. This tool is complemented with different models of power augmentation technologies. Finally, the whole model including both power plant and power augmentation techniques is used to analyze a case study involving a particular power plant in Peru. The results from the simulations of the specific power plant indicate that power output can be increased through all the evaluated power augmentation technologies. These results show indeed that technologies based on absorption refrigeration systems produce the largest gains in terms of power output (7.1%) and thermal efficiency (0.7%). Such results confirm the suitability of these systems for simple cycle type power plant configurations operating under hot and humid operating conditions as those accounted for here. From an economic perspective, considering the net present value as the key parameter defining the feasibility of a project in this category, power augmentation techniques based on absorption cooling systems result also the most suitable ones for the studied power plant. Power augmentation techniques environmental implications are also quantified in terms of CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals A Double-Bed Adsorptive Heat Transformer for Upgrading Ambient Heat: Design and First Tests

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Specific Power Output ◽  
Heat Transformer ◽  
Continuous Heat ◽  
Steady State Cycling

A full scale lab prototype of an adsorptive heat transformer (AHT), consisting of two adsorbers, an evaporator, and a condenser, was designed and tested in subsequent cycles of heat upgrading. The composite LiCl/SiO2 was used as an adsorbent with methanol as an adsorbtive substance under boundary temperatures of TL/TM/TH = −30/20/30 °C. Preliminary experiments demonstrated the feasibility of the tested AHT in continuous heat generation, with specific power output of 520 W/kg over 1–1.5 h steady-state cycling. The formal and experimental thermal efficiency of the tested rig were found to be 0.5 and 0.44, respectively. Although the low potential heat to be upgraded was available for free from a natural source, the electric efficiency of the prototype was found to be as high as 4.4, which demonstrates the promising potential of the “heat from cold” concept. Recommendations for further improvements are also outlined and discussed in this paper.

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