Rapid Characterization of Radiation and Pollutant Emissions of Biodiesel and Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuels

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Love ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Emission Properties ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Rapid Characterization

As a result of decreasing petroleum supplies, new fuel sources, such as transesterified biofeedstock based oils and their blends with petroleum diesel fuels, have emerged with potential to partially replace conventional diesel and gasoline fuels. Although these fuels have shown some promising results in engine studies, their basic combustion properties have not been well documented. Also, research is underway to develop new fuels from other sources or by altering their molecular structure to be fungible with conventional fuels. Thus, there is a need for tests to characterize the combustion and emission properties of these new liquids, which are available only in small quantities at the research and development stage. This paper deals with a technique that meets those goals. The fuel was prevaporized and mixed with air and burnt in a tubular burner (9.5 mm inner diameter) at atmospheric pressure under laminar conditions. A pilot methane/air flame was used as the ignition source. The test conditions were so chosen that the measured properties could be attributed primarily to the fuel chemical structure. Several liquid fuels were tested, including commercially available petroleum-based No. 2 diesel fuel, canola methyl ester (CME B100) biodiesel, kerosene, methanol, toluene, and selected alkanes. The radiative heat flux from the flames was measured using a wide-angle pyrheliometer; the emissions from the flames were sampled to measure the concentration of CO, CO2, and NO. The measured radiant heat fraction values and the emission indices of NO and CO of both petroleum-derived and biofuels agreed well with those found in literature; thus, the feasibility of this method to rapidly characterize the combustion and emission properties of new liquids, such as biofuels, is demonstrated.

A Method for the Rapid Characterization of Combustion Properties of Liquid Fuels Using a Tubular Burner

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Love ◽  
R. N. Parthasarathy ◽  
S. R. Gollahalli
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Rapid Characterization

Knowledge of the combustion and pollutant emission characteristics is important in the application of both existing and newly developed fuels. A technique for the rapid characterization of flame radiation properties and emission characteristics of liquid fuels was developed for this purpose. Liquid fuel was injected into a heated air stream at known rates with a syringe pump; the feed line was heated (temperature of 425°C) to pre-vaporize the fuel before burning, to avoid the effects of evaporation parameters on measurements. Temperatures of the fuel and air were monitored using K-type thermocouples embedded within the feed lines. A laminar methane-air flame was issued from a stainless steel tubular burner (9.5mm inner diameter) and used as the ignition source. The methane supply was shut off after the onset of the burning of the vaporized liquid fuel, in order to eliminate the effects of burning methane in the measurements. Several liquid fuels were tested, including commercially available petroleum-based No. 2 diesel fuel, canola methyl ester (CME B 100) biodiesel, kerosene, methanol, toluene, and selected alkanes. A steady burning flame was achieved for all fuels. Radiative heat flux measurements were made with a high-sensitivity pyrheliometer and the radiant fraction of heat release calculated. The radiant heat fraction served as an indication of sooting tendency of the fuels. NO, CO, and CO2 emission measurements were also made. The measurements demonstrate the feasibility of the current technique for the rapid characterization of combustion properties of liquid fuels, utilizing small fuel quantities.

scholarly journals An evaluation of the InDevR FluChip-8G insight microarray assay in characterizing influenza a viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily S. Bailey ◽  
Xinye Wang ◽  
Mai-juan Ma ◽  
Guo-lin Wang ◽  
Gregory C. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Duke University ◽  
Multiple Viral Strains ◽  
Rapid Characterization

AbstractInfluenza viruses are an important cause of disease in both humans and animals, and their detection and characterization can take weeks. In this study, we sought to compare classical virology techniques with a new rapid microarray method for the detection and characterization of a very diverse, panel of animal, environmental, and human clinical or field specimens that were molecularly positive for influenza A alone (n = 111), influenza B alone (n = 3), both viruses (n = 13), or influenza negative (n = 2) viruses. All influenza virus positive samples in this study were first subtyped by traditional laboratory methods, and later evaluated using the FluChip-8G Insight Assay (InDevR Inc. Boulder, CO) in laboratories at Duke University (USA) or at Duke Kunshan University (China). The FluChip-8G Insight multiplexed assay agreed with classical virologic techniques 59 (54.1%) of 109 influenza A-positive, 3 (100%) of the 3 influenza B-positive, 0 (0%) of 10 both influenza A- and B-positive samples, 75% of 24 environmental samples including those positive for H1, H3, H7, H9, N1, and N9 strains, and 80% of 22 avian influenza samples. It had difficulty with avian N6 types and swine H3 and N2 influenza specimens. The FluChip-8G Insight assay performed well with most human, environmental, and animal samples, but had some difficulty with samples containing multiple viral strains and with specific animal influenza strains. As classical virology methods are often iterative and can take weeks, the FluChip-8G Insight Assay rapid results (time range 8 to 12 h) offers considerable time savings. As the FluChip-8G analysis algorithm is expected to improve over time with addition of new subtypes and sample matrices, the FluChip-8G Insight Assay has considerable promise for rapid characterization of novel influenza viruses affecting humans or animals.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Approaches for Rapid Characterization of Oxidizable Compounds in Different Oak Alternatives

Beverages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jéremie Wirth ◽  
Davide Slaghenaufi ◽  
Stéphane Vidal ◽  
Maurizio Ugliano
Keyword(s):  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Total Current ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
Rapid Characterization

Oak alternatives (OAs) such as chips, granulates or staves, are becoming increasingly used in the wine industry. Although they are mostly considered for their contribution to wine aroma, they are also a source of phenolic compounds to be released in the wine, in particular ellagitannins contributing to wine mouthfeel and antioxidant characteristics. In the present study, we explore the potential for a rapid analytical method based on linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) combined with disposable sensors to provide a rapid measure of the oxidizable compounds present in different OAs, as well as their characterization. Strong correlations were found between the tannin content of different OAs and the total current measures during LSV analysis, allowing a rapid quantification of the oxidizable compounds present, mostly ellagitannin. Application of derivatization to raw voltammograms allowed extraction of a number of features that can be used for classification purposes, in particular with respect to OAs types (chips or staves) and degree of toasting.

scholarly journals Rapid Characterization of Allosteric Networks with Ensemble Normal Mode Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (33) ◽  
pp. 8276-8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Qiu Yao ◽  
Lars Skjærven ◽  
Barry J. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Normal Mode ◽  
Normal Mode Analysis ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Rapid Characterization

scholarly journals Characterization of Two Multidrug-Resistant IncA/C Plasmids from the 1960s by Using the MinION Sequencer Device

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 6780-6786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Szabó ◽  
Tibor Nagy ◽  
Tímea Wilk ◽  
Tibor Farkas ◽  
Anna Hegyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
Resistance Island ◽  
The 1960S

ABSTRACTTwo A/C incompatibility group (IncA/C family) plasmids from the 1960s have been sequenced and classified into the A/C2type 1 group. R16a and IP40a contain novel antibiotic resistance islands and a complete GIsul2 genomic island not previously found in the family. In the 173.1-kb R16a, the 29.9-kb antibiotic resistance island (ARI) is located in a unique backbone position not utilized by ARIs. ARIR16aconsists of Tn1, Tn6020, and Tn6333, harboring the resistance genesblaTEM-1DandaphA1band amermodule, respectively; a truncated Tn5393copy; and a gene cluster with unknown function. Plasmid IP40a is 170.4 kb in size and contains a 5.6-kb ARI inserted into thekfrAgene. ARIIP40acarryingblaTEM-1DandaphA1bgenes is composed of Tn1with a Tn6023insertion. Additionally, IP40a harbors single IS2, IS186, and Tn1000insertions scattered in the backbone; an IS150copy in GIsul2; and a complete Tn6333carrying amermodule at the position of ARIR16a. Loss of resistance markers in R16a, IP40a, and R55 was observed during stability tests. Every phenotypic change proved to be the result of recombination events involving mobile elements. Intramolecular transposition of IS copies that generated IP40a derivatives lacking large parts of the backbone could account for the formation of other family members, too. The MinION platform proved to be a valuable tool in bacterial genome sequencing since it generates long reads that span repetitive elements and facilitates full-length plasmid or chromosome assembly. Nanopore technology enables rapid characterization of large, low-copy-number plasmids and their rearrangement products.

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