An Adjustable Triple-Bifurcation Unit Model for Air-Particle Flow Simulations in Human Tracheobronchial Airways

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kleinstreuer ◽  
Z. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Unit Model ◽  
Micron Particle ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Lung Airways ◽  
Local Deposition

A new methodology for a swift and accurate computer simulation of large segments of the human lung airways is presented. Focusing on a representative tracheobronchial (TB) region, i.e., G0–G15, nano- and micron particle transports have been simulated for Qin=30l∕min, employing an experimentally validated computer model. The TB tree was geometrically decomposed into triple-bifurcation units with kinematically adjusted multilevel outlet/inlet conditions. Deposition patterns and maximum concentrations differ greatly between nanoparticles (1⩽dp⩽150nm) and micron particles (1⩽dp⩽10μm), which may relate uniquely to health impacts. In comparison with semi-analytical particle deposition results, it is shown that such simple “lung models” cannot predict local deposition values but can match computer simulation results for the entire TB region within 2.5–26%. The present study revealed that turbulent air-particle flow may propagate to G5 for the assumed inhalation flow rate. Geometry and upstream effects are more pronounced for micron particle deposition than for nanoparticle deposition.

Nanoparticle Mass Transfer From Lung Airways to Systemic Regions—Part II: Multi-Compartmental Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun V. Kolanjiyil ◽  
Clement Kleinstreuer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Aerosol Dynamics ◽  
Multicompartmental Model ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Species Extrapolation ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Lung Airways

This is the second article of a two-part paper, combining high-resolution computer simulation results of inhaled nanoparticle deposition in a human airway model (Kolanjiyil and Kleinstreuer, 2013, “Nanoparticle Mass Transfer From Lung Airways to Systemic Regions—Part I: Whole-Lung Aerosol Dynamics,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 135(12), p. 121003) with a new multicompartmental model for insoluble nanoparticle barrier mass transfer into systemic regions. Specifically, it allows for the prediction of temporal nanoparticle accumulation in the blood and lymphatic systems and in organs. The multicompartmental model parameters were determined from experimental retention and clearance data in rat lungs and then the validated model was applied to humans based on pharmacokinetic cross-species extrapolation. This hybrid simulator is a computationally efficient tool to predict the nanoparticle kinetics in the human body. The study provides critical insight into nanomaterial deposition and distribution from the lungs to systemic regions. The quantitative results are useful in diverse fields such as toxicology for exposure-risk analysis of ubiquitous nanomaterial and pharmacology for nanodrug development and targeting.

Gas-Particle Flow Simulations for Martian and Lunar Lander Plume-Surface Interaction Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Liever ◽  
Manuel P. Gale ◽  
Ranjan S. Mehta ◽  
Andrew B. Weaver ◽  
Jeffrey S. West ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Interaction ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Flow Simulations ◽  
Interaction Prediction ◽  
Lunar Lander

Flow structures and particle deposition patterns in double-bifurcation airway models. Part 2. Aerosol transport and deposition

2001 ◽  
Vol 435 ◽  
pp. 55-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. COMER ◽  
C. KLEINSTREUER ◽  
C. S. KIM
Keyword(s):  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Vortical Flow ◽  
Flow Structures ◽  
Particle Distributions ◽  
Deposition Patterns ◽  
Inlet Conditions

The flow theory and air flow structures in symmetric double-bifurcation airway models assuming steady laminar, incompressible flow, unaffected by the presence of aerosols, has been described in a companion paper (Part 1). The validated computer simulation results showed highly vortical flow fields, especially around the second bifurcations, indicating potentially complex particle distributions and deposition patterns. In this paper (Part 2), assuming spherical non-interacting aerosols that stick to the wall when touching the surface, the history of depositing particles is described. Specifically, the finite-volume code CFX (AEA Technology) with user-enhanced FORTRAN programs were validated with experimental data of particle deposition efficiencies as a function of the Stokes number for planar single and double bifurcations. The resulting deposition patterns, particle distributions, trajectories and time evolution were analysed in the light of the air flow structures for relatively low (ReD1 = 500) and high (ReD1 = 2000) Reynolds numbers and representative Stokes numbers, i.e. StD1 = 0.04 and StD1 = 0.12. Particle deposition patterns and surface concentrations are largely a function of the local Stokes number, but they also depend on the fluid–particle inlet conditions as well as airway geometry factors. While particles introduced at low inlet Reynolds numbers (e.g. ReD1 = 500) follow the axial air flow, secondary and vortical flows become important at higher Reynolds numbers, causing the formation of particle-free zones near the tube centres and subsequently elevated particle concentrations near the walls. Sharp or mildly rounded carinal ridges have little effect on the deposition efficiencies but may influence local deposition patterns. In contrast, more drastic geometric changes to the basic double-bifurcation model, e.g. the 90°-non-planar configuration, alter both the aerosol wall distributions and surface concentrations considerably.

Particle flow simulations with homogenised lattice Boltzmann methods

Particuology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias J. Krause ◽  
Fabian Klemens ◽  
Thomas Henn ◽  
Robin Trunk ◽  
Hermann Nirschl
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Methods ◽  
Flow Simulations

scholarly journals Experimental study on nanoparticle deposition in straight pipe flow

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Qin Yin ◽  
Ming Lou
Keyword(s):  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Straight Pipe ◽  
Nanoparticle Deposition ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Particle Sizer

Loss of the number of nanoparticles within pipe may lead to significant change of particle number distribution, total mass concentration and particles mean size. The experiments of multiple dispersion aerosol particles ranging from 5.6 nm to 560 nm in straight pipe are carried out using a fast mobility particle sizer. The particle size number distribution, total number concentrations, geometric mean size and volume are acquired under different pipe lengths and Reynolds numbers. The results show lengthening the pipe and strengthening the turbulence can promote the particle deposition process. The penetration efficiency of smaller particle is lower than the larger one, so the particle mean size increases in the process of deposition.

scholarly journals Subject-variability effects on micron particle deposition in human nasal cavities

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 12-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Calmet ◽  
C. Kleinstreuer ◽  
G. Houzeaux ◽  
A.V. Kolanjiyil ◽  
O. Lehmkuhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Nasal Cavities ◽  
Subject Variability ◽  
Micron Particle

Micron particle deposition in the nasal cavity using the v2–f model

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiao Inthavong ◽  
Jiyuan Tu ◽  
Christian Heschl
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Particle Deposition ◽  
Micron Particle
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