The Lean Mixture Operational Limits of a Spark Ignition Engine When Operated on Fuel Mixtures

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Unstable Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Combustion Processes

The operation of spark ignition (SI) engines on lean mixtures is attractive, in principle, since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock, and extremely low NOx emissions. However, the associated flame propagation rates become degraded significantly and drop sharply as the operating mixture is made increasingly leaner. Consequently, there exist distinct operational lean mixture limits beyond which satisfactory engine performance cannot be maintained due to the resulting prolonged and unstable combustion processes. This paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, SI engine when operated in turn on methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, gasoline, iso-octane, and some of their binary mixtures. A quantitative approach for determining the operational limits of SI engines is proposed. The lean limits thus derived are compared and validated against the corresponding experimental results obtained using more traditional approaches. On this basis, the dependence of the values of the lean mixture operational limits on the composition of the fuel mixtures is investigated and discussed. The operational limit for throttled operation with methane as the fuel is also established.

The Lean Mixture Operational Limits of a S.I. Engine When Operated on Fuel Mixtures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Li ◽  
Ghazi A. Karim ◽  
A. Sohrabi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Lean Mixture ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Unstable Combustion ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Combustion Processes

The operation of S.I. engines on lean mixtures is attractive in principle since it can provide improved fuel economy, reduced tendency to knock and extremely low NOx emissions. However, the associated flame propagation rates become degraded significantly and drop sharply as the operating mixture is made increasingly lean. Consequently, there exist distinct operational lean mixture limits beyond which satisfactory engine performance cannot be maintained due to the resulting prolonged and unstable combustion processes. The paper presents experimental data obtained in a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, S.I., CFR engine when operated in turn on CH4, H2, CO, gasoline, iso-octane and some of their binary mixtures. A quantitative approach for determining the operational limits of S.I. engines is suggested, compared and validated against corresponding experimental results of other traditional approaches. On this basis, the dependence of the values of the lean mixture operational limits on the composition of the fuel mixtures is investigated and discussed. The operational limit for throttled operation with methane as the fuel is also established.

scholarly journals Efficiency characteristics of a new quasi-constant volume combustion spark ignition engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovan Doric ◽  
Ivan Klinar
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Piston Mechanism ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Ic Engines ◽  
Engine Concept

A zero dimensional model has been used to investigate the combustion performance of a four cylinder petrol engine with unconventional piston motion. The main feature of this new spark ignition (SI) engine concept is the realization of quasi-constant volume (QCV) during combustion process. Presented mechanism is designed to obtain a specific motion law which provides better fuel consumption of internal combustion (IC) engines. These advantages over standard engine are achieved through synthesis of unconventional piston mechanism. The numerical calculation was performed for several cases of different piston mechanism parameters, compression ratio and engine speed. Calculated efficiency and power diagrams are plotted and compared with performance of ordinary SI engine. The results show that combustion during quasi-constant volume has significant impact on improvement of efficiency. The main aim of this paper is to find a proper kinematics parameter of unconventional piston mechanism for most efficient heat addition in SI engines.

scholarly journals Influence of Compression Ratio on Flywheel Dimension for a Naturally Aspirated Spark Ignition Engine: A Numerical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aan Yudianto ◽  
Peixuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Compression Stroke ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Proper Design

The proper design of the flywheel undeniably determines in tuning the engine to confirm the better output engine performance. The aim of this study is to mathematically investigate the effect of various values of the compression ratio on some essential parameters to determine the appropriate value for the flywheel dimension. A numerical calculation approach was proposed to eventually determine the dimension of the engine flywheel on a five-cylinder four-stroke Spark Ignition (SI) engine. The various compression ratios of 8.5, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, and 11 were selected to perform the calculations. The effects of compression ratio on effective pressure, indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), dynamic irregularity value of the crankshaft, and the diameter of the flywheel was clearly investigated. The study found that 2.5 increment value of the compression ratio significantly increases the effective pressure of about 41.53% on the starting of the expansion stroke. While at the end of the compression stroke, the rise of effective pressure is about 76.67%, and the changes in dynamic irregularity merely increase by about 1.79%. The same trend applies to the flywheel diameter and width, which increases 2.08% for both.

scholarly journals Influence of LPG and DME Composition on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5583
Author(s):  
Paweł Fabiś ◽  
Bartosz Flekiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Thermodynamic Processes

This article presents a detailed analysis of the potential of dimethyl ether (DME) fuel applications in SI engines. This paper presents the tests results completed on an 1.6-dm3 Opel Astra engine fueled by gaseous fuel as a mixture of LPG and DME. Dimethyl ether is a fuel with properties similar to liquid LPG fuel. In addition, DME is very well miscible with LPG, hence the possibility of creating a mixture with any DME divisions. The assessment of the possibility of using DME as a component of the mixture was carried out with the use of a chassis dynamometer and equipment, enabling an analysis of the changes taking place inside the cylinder. The results of the analyses are the parameters of the thermodynamic processes describing changes in the engine cylinder.

Numerical Simulation of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Liquid Fuels and Liquid Fuel Blends

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Majmudar ◽  
K. Aung
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Si Engines

The use of alternative fuels such as methanol and ethanol in spark-ignition (SI) engines is beneficial to the environment as it reduces emissions of pollutants such as NOx from these engines with slight penalty on the performance. This paper investigated the use of liquid fuel blends such as ethanol/gasoline blend in an SI engine by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations were based on the models of finite heat release, cylinder heat transfer, pumping losses, and friction losses. Simulations were carried out to evaluate the effects of compression ratio, equivalence ratio, ignition timing, and engine speed on the performance of the SI engine. The results of the simulations were compared with experimental data from the literature to validate the simulations. Good agreements between the computed and experimental results were obtained. The results showed that the current model could satisfactorily predict the performance of an SI engine fueled by liquid fuel blends.

An Investigation of the Effect of 2T Oil Blend on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
M. Nurhidayat Zahelem ◽  
A. Siti Rohana ◽  
N. Haniza B. Jemily ◽  
M. Amzari Aris ◽  
Shukri Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Oil Blend

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of 2T oil blend on the performance of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of 2T-oils; mineral oil, semi-synthetic oil and fully synthetic oil were tested according to blend ratio before the mixing process with fuel in the carburetor. In the experiment, a two-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20 kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performances and 2T-oil blended as a function of type of 2T-oils used.

scholarly journals Effect of Pre-Heated Air on Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Petrol-Ethanol Blends

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Improve Efficiency ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Si Engines ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Bio-fuels have been made vital developments from past decades, in which bio-petrol plays a major role in SI engines. Developments in petrol-ethanol blends have been made to improve the efficiency of SI engine. Air preheated is supported widely in preheating of intake air. To improve efficiency and to reduce emission, air preheated is used in many systems. SI engines are used in automobiles, motor cycles, aircrafts, motorboats and portable small engine. In this work, investigations have been done in the SI engine which intakes preheated air-fuel mixture and various blends of ethanol petrol fuel is used as working fuel. Emission tests are done by exhaust gas analyzer to compare the emissions of different fuels.

Experimental on the Effects of Various Air Filter Elements on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Shukri Zain ◽  
M. Nurhidayat Zahelem ◽  
M. Hisyam Basri
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Filtering Element ◽  
Engine Power

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of air filter elements on the performance of spark ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of material; paper, cotton and foam were tested as filtering element in the air filter before the mixing process with fuel in the carburettor. In the experiment, a four-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20 kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performance and the qualities of filtered air as a function of type of air filter element/material used.

An Investigation of the Effect of Air Filter Elements on Spark Ignition Engine Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shukri Zain ◽  
Shuib Husin
Keyword(s):  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Filtering Element

This paper presents the results of an investigation on the effect of air filter elements on the performance of Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Three different types of material; paper, cotton and foam were tested as filtering element in the air filter before the mixing process with fuel in the carburettor. In the experiment, a four-stroke single-cylinder engine was coupled to a 20kW generator dynamometer to measure engine performance parameters; engine torque, engine power (B.P), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at various engine speeds with maximum engine load. The results show correlation between engine performance and the qualities of filtered air as a function of type of air filter element/material used.

scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of the Performance and Emissions of a Spark-Ignition Engine Using Waste-Derived Biofuels as Additives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5209
Author(s):  
Joaquim Costa ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
Tiago Arantes ◽  
Margarida Gonçalves ◽  
Luis Durão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The use of biofuels for spark ignition engines is proposed to diversify fuel sources and reduce fossil fuel consumption, optimize engine performance, and reduce pollutant emissions. Additionally, when these biofuels are produced from low-grade wastes, they constitute valorisation pathways for these otherwise unprofitable wastes. In this study, ethanol and pyrolysis biogasoline made from low-grade wastes were evaluated as additives for commercial gasoline (RON95, RON98) in tests performed in a spark ignition engine. Binary fuel mixtures of ethanol + gasoline or biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation of 2% (w/w) to 10% (w/w) were evaluated and compared with ternary fuel mixtures of ethanol + biogasoline + gasoline with biofuel incorporation rates from 1% (w/w) to 5% (w/w). The fuel mix performance was assessed by determination of torque and power, fuel consumption and efficiency, and emissions (HC, CO, and NOx). An electronic control unit (ECU) was used to regulate the air–fuel ratio/lambda and the ignition advance for maximum brake torque (MBT), wide-open throttle (WOT)), and two torque loads for different engine speeds representative of typical driving. The additive incorporation up to 10% often improved efficiency and lowered emissions such as CO and HC relative to both straight gasolines, but NOx increased with the addition of a blend.

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