Impact Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Durability of GLARE Laminates

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoungseock Seo ◽  
H. T. Hahn ◽  
Jenn-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Strength ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Fatigue Durability ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

The fatigue behavior and residual strength of postimpacted GLARE 4-3/2, GLARE 5-2/1, and monolithic aluminum 2024-T3 alloy were investigated experimentally. Drop-weight impact was applied at a variety of energy levels to inflict a barely visible impact damage, a clearly visible impact damage, and a penetration damage. After the impact test, constant-amplitude tension-tension fatigue was done to delineate the modes of damage initiation and growth and the effect of damage on fatigue life and residual strength. The results showed that GLARE laminates exhibit superior postimpact fatigue durability when compared with the monolithic 2024-T3 aluminum alloy.

Recovery of impact-damaged carbon fiber–reinforced composites using induction heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110587
Author(s):  
Sultan M Bayazeid ◽  
Kim-Leng Poon ◽  
Balakrishnan Subeshan ◽  
Mohammed Alamir ◽  
Eylem Asmatulu
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

Carbon fiber–reinforced composites (CFRCs) have been used extensively in structural applications within the aerospace and automotive manufacturing industries. However, several other applications have been recognized. These take advantage of the additional properties of CFRCs, which lead to providing better performance for structures. However, in their service environment, these CFRCs are inevitably susceptible to impact damage from multiple sources, and they must be able to recover from impacts to meet structural requirements. This study directs an experimental investigation of using induction heating (IH) for an impact-damaged CFRC. Here, IH process parameters, including the effects of electromagnetic frequency and generator power on the recovery of impact-damaged CFRC, have been analyzed. The anisotropic conductivity characteristics and the relationship between the drop-weight impact depth and conductivity of CFRC garnered much attention. This paper also offers the electromagnetic properties of CFRC for various applications. In this study, CFRC cured samples were obtained from Cetex® TC1200 PEEK, AS4 145 gsm, 16 unidirectional plies. Three variants of CFRC samples were tested: undamaged samples; samples with impact damage introduced in the center by a drop-weight impact test, according to the ASTM D7136/7136M standard; and samples with drop-weight impact damage recovered using the IH system. This work presents the results of the tensile strength of CFRC samples to assess the comparison of undamaged samples, samples damaged after the drop-weight impact test, and samples recovered after the drop-weight impact test. IH is appropriate for the recovery of impact-damaged CFRC samples, aiding in the conversion of electromagnetic energy to heat in order to generate mechanisms on components to recover the impact-damaged CFRC samples. Experimental results show that the impact-damaged area of the recovered CFRC samples is 37.0% less than that of damaged CFRC samples, and tensile strength results also improved after the impact-damaged CFRC samples were recovered. These results show that the IH method can effectively improve the impact damage performance of CFRC. The outcome of this study is promising for use in many applications, especially in the aerospace and automotive industries.

scholarly journals Effect of Fibre Orientation on Impact Damage Resistance of S2/FM94 Glass Fibre Composites for Aerospace Applications: An Experimental Evaluation and Numerical Validation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
Hom N. Dhakal ◽  
Carol A. Featheroson ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
Colin Lupton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Energy ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Fibre Orientation ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Damage Initiation ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to investigate the influence of fibre orientation and varied incident energy levels on the impact-induced damage of S2/FM94, a kind of aerospace glass fibre epoxy/composite regularly used in aircraft components and often subjected to low-velocity impact loadings. Effects of varying parameters on the impact resistance behaviour and damage modes are evaluated experimentally and numerically. Laminates fabricated with four different fibre orientations 0/90/+45/−458s, 0/90/90/08s, +45/−4516s, and  032 were impacted using three energy levels. Experimental results showed that plates with unidirectional fibre orientation failed due to shear stresses, while no penetration occurred for the 0/90/90/08s and +45/−4516s plates due to the energy transfer back to the plate at the point of maximum displacement. The impact energy and resulting damage were modelled using Abaqus/Explicit. The Finite Element (FE) results could accurately predict the maximum impact load on the plates with an accuracy of 0.52% to 13%. The FE model was also able to predict the onset of damage initiation, evolution, and the subsequent reduction of the strength of the impacted laminates. The results obtained on the relationship of fibre geometry and varying incident impact energy on the impact damage modes can provide design guidance of S2/FM94 glass composites for aerospace applications where impact toughness is critical.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of impact damage on repetitive loading tolerance in metal-fiber multilayers

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Banan Hasani Monfared ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Post Impact ◽  
Repetitive Loading ◽  
Fiber Metal ◽  
The Impact

Fiber is not sensitive to fatigue in some fiber-metal multilayers. They leave a large part of the load through the cracks and prevent the crack from opening. Due to this prevention, the opening in GLARE is less than that of the metals. Unlike what is observed in metals, concentration factor of crack tip is not fully influenced by increase in crack length. Hence, this study uses the experimental method to examine post-impact fatigue behavior of glass fiber-reinforced metal composites, known as GLARE. The GLARE made in this study was produced by autoclave in three types of GLARE 1.2-3, GLARE 1.2-4 and GLARE 3.2-5 and was exposed to impact test by different forces and then fatigue test with different cycles. The results were studied. The results showed that the first GLARE 1.2-3 specimen was completely pierced after the impact test. The second GLARE 1.2-3 specimen produced fatigue cracks from impact dent in the only aluminum impacted layer. These cracks were then amplified to the edge of the specimen. Both GLARE 1.2-4 specimens showed approximately equal fatigue life. The first GLARE 1.2-4 specimen failed near the radius due to the disturbing cracks in a way that is common in FML specimen. Moreover, both GLARE 1.2-4 specimens exhibited cracking in both aluminum layers. In 1.2-5 GLARE, both specimens showed a decrease in fatigue life and increase in impact energy.  

Impact Test for the Leading Edge of CMC Vane Based on Actual Aircraft Engine Field Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenro Obuchi ◽  
Fumiaki Watanabe ◽  
Hiroshi Kuroki ◽  
Hiroyuki Yagi ◽  
Kazuyoshi Arai
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Turbine Vanes ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Nickel Based Alloy ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have lower density and a higher service temperature limit than nickel based alloys which have been used for turbine components of aircraft engines. These properties of CMCs have the potential to reduce the weight of turbine components and improve turbine thermal efficiency with a higher turbine inlet temperature (TIT). One of the technical issues of the CMC turbine vane is a relatively lower impact resistance than nickel based alloy turbine vanes. There are various previous works about impact resistance of CMCs, but there is little work that assumed actual engine conditions. The objective of this work was to verify the resistance of SiC/SiC CMC turbine vane to the impact phenomena that occur in the actual aircraft engine. The field damage survey was conducted on actual metal turbine vanes of commercial engines overhauled in IHI. The survey made it clear that the typical damage was less-than-0.127-mm-dent at the leading edge. In addition, the dropped weight impact test using the actual turbine airfoil which is made from a nickel based alloy was conducted at ambient temperature. The amount of energy required to make the dent of a certain size that was observed in actual metal turbine vanes was estimated. Then, the dropped weight impact test using the CMC test piece with a leading edge shape was conducted at the impact energy estimated by the metal turbine airfoil. The results showed that the failure mode of the CMC test piece was local damage with dents of a certain size and not a catastrophic failure mode. From this work, the damage to be assumed on CMC vane in actual aircraft engines was identified. As a future task, the effect of the damage to the fatigue capability of CMC turbine vanes needs to be investigated.

Damage Development in CFRP Laminates under Impact Loading

2006 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 1833-1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Min Jang ◽  
Tadaharu Adachi ◽  
Akihiko Yamaji
Keyword(s):  
Impact Damage ◽  
Stacking Sequence ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Damage Resistance ◽  
Cfrp Laminates ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Delamination Area

The development characteristics of impact-induced damage in carbon-fiber-reinforcedplastics (CFRP) laminates were experimentally studied using a drop-weight impact tester. Five types of CFRP laminates were used to investigate the effect of stacking sequences and thicknesses. The efficiency of absorbed energy to impact energy was different for CFRP laminates with different stacking sequences or thicknesses. The DA/AE ratio of delamination area (DA) to absorbed energy (AE) was almost the same for CFRP laminates with the same stacking sequence regardless of the thickness. We found that the DA/AE ratio could be used as a parameter to characterize the impact damage resistance in CFRP laminates with different stacking sequences.

The effect of microwave pretreatment on impact crushing of lead-zinc ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Yulong Liu ◽  
Dexin Ding ◽  
Wenguang Chen ◽  
Nan Hu ◽  
Lingling Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Input ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Microwave Pretreatment ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
Impact Crushing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between energy input and particle size of ore samples after crushing and effect of microwave pretreatment on impact crushing of lead-zinc ore were studied by drop weight impact test. The results showed that the lead-zinc ore became softer and had higher degree of crushing after microwave pretreatment. Compared with continuous microwave pretreatment, pulsed microwave pretreatment could improve the drop weight impact crushing efficiency of lead-zinc ore. When the specific comminution energy were 5 kW h/t, 10 kW h/t respectively, the crushing characteristic parameters t10 were 60.42% and 67.46% respectively by continuous microwave. But the values of t10 were increased to 68.64% and 75.88% respectively after pulsed microwave radiation under same microwave power and time. In addition, water quenching could more promote the impact crushing efficiency of lead-zinc ore after microwave irradiation.

scholarly journals Falling Weight Impact Damage Characterisation of Flax and Flax Basalt Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hom Nath Dhakal ◽  
Elwan Le Méner ◽  
Marc Feldner ◽  
Chulin Jiang ◽  
Zhongyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Damage Mechanisms ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
Falling Weight ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the damage mechanisms of composite materials requires detailed mapping of the failure behaviour using reliable techniques. This research focuses on an evaluation of the low-velocity falling weight impact damage behaviour of flax-basalt/vinyl ester (VE) hybrid composites. Incident impact energies under three different energy levels (50, 60, and 70 Joules) were employed to cause complete perforation in order to characterise different impact damage parameters, such as energy absorption characteristics, and damage modes and mechanisms. In addition, the water absorption behaviour of flax and flax basalt hybrid composites and its effects on the impact damage performance were also investigated. All the samples subjected to different incident energies were characterised using non-destructive techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed micro-tomography (πCT), to assess the damage mechanisms of studied flax/VE and flax/basalt/VE hybrid composites. The experimental results showed that the basalt hybrid system had a high impact energy and peak load compared to the flax/VE composite without hybridisation, indicating that a hybrid approach is a promising strategy for enhancing the toughness properties of natural fibre composites. The πCT and SEM images revealed that the failure modes observed for flax and flax basalt hybrid composites were a combination of matrix cracking, delamination, fibre breakage, and fibre pull out.

scholarly journals The multiaxial behavior of filled polypropylene parts by drop-weight impact test

2018 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 05013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ales Mizera ◽  
Martin Mizera ◽  
Milan Navratil ◽  
Stepan Sanda ◽  
Michal Opocensky
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Weight Impact ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the multiaxial behaviour of reinforced polypropylene with 30 % of glass fibre (PP30GF) and virgin polypropylene (PP). The impact behavior of these two materials is very needed to know for the possible modification of these two materials to obtain the better material properties. The injection moulded PP, and PP30GF samples were subjected to the penetration test at different set potential energies, and the results were subsequently evaluated and discussed. It was found out that PP has better behaviour at the multiaxial stress than PP30GF. It is possible to claim that for the application more demanding to the impact loading, pure PP is more suitable choice of the polymeric material.

Experimental investigation on a fully thermoplastic composite subjected to repeated impacts

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 6985-7002
Author(s):  
S Boria ◽  
A Scattina ◽  
G Belingardi
Keyword(s):  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Repeated Impacts ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Impact

In the last years, the spread of composite laminates into the engineering sectors was observed; the main reason lies in higher values of strength/weight and stiffness/weight ratios with respect to conventional materials. Firstly, the attention was focused on fibres reinforced with thermosetting matrix. Then, the necessity to move towards low density and recyclable solutions has implied the development of composites made with thermoplastic matrix. Even if the first application of thermoplastic composites can be found into no structural parts, the replacement of metallic structural parts with such material in areas potentially subjected to impact has become worthy of investigation. Depending on the field of application and on the design geometry, in fact, some components can be subjected to repeated impacts at localized sites either during fabrication, activities of routine maintenance or during service conditions. When composite material was adopted, even though the impact damage associated to the single impact event can be slight, the accumulation of the damage over time may seriously weaken the mechanical performance of the structure. In this overview, the capability of energy absorption of a new composite completely made of thermoplastic material was investigated. This material was able to combine two conflicting requirements: the recyclability and the lightweight. In particular, repeated impacts at low velocity, on self-reinforced laminates made of polypropylene (PP), were conducted by experimental drop dart tests. Repeated impacts up to the perforation or up to 40 times were performed. In the analysis, three different energy levels and three different values of the laminate thicknesses were considered in order to analyse the damage behaviour under various experimental configurations. A visual observation of the impacted specimens was done, in order to evaluate the damage progression. Moreover, the trend of the peak force interchanged between specimen and dart and the evolution of both the absorbed energy and of the bending stiffness with the impacts number were studied. The results pointed out that the maximum load and the stiffness of the specimens tended to grow increasing the number of the repeated impacts. Such trend is opposite compared to the previous results obtained by other researchers using thermosetting composites.

Fatigue Behavior of Impacted Plain-Weave Glass/Epoxy Composites under Tensile Fatigue Loading

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1291-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Weon Kang ◽  
Jung Kyu Kim ◽  
Heung Seob Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Damage Behavior ◽  
Plain Weave ◽  
The Impact

The goals of this paper are to identify the impact damage behavior of plain-weave E-glass/epoxy composites and predict the fatigue life of the composites with impact-induced damage under constant amplitude loading. To identify these behaviors, the low velocity impact and fatigue after impact tests are performed for glass/epoxy composites having two types of fiber orientations. The impact damage behavior is dependent on the fiber orientation of the composites. The fatigue life of the impacted composites can be identified through the prediction model, which was proposed on the carbon/epoxy laminates by authors regardless of fiber orientations.

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