Active Stabilization of Centrifugal Compressor Surge

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Pinsley ◽  
G. R. Guenette ◽  
A. H. Epstein ◽  
E. M. Greitzer
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Surge Line

Active suppression of centrifugal compressor surge has been demonstrated on a centrifugal compressor equipped with a servo-actuated plenum exit throttle controller. The control scheme is fundamentally different from conventional surge control techniques in that it addresses directly the dynamic behavior of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower mass flows. The method used is to feed back perturbations in plenum pressure rise, in real time, to a fast-acting control valve. The increased aerodynamic damping of incipient oscillations due to the resulting valve motion allows stable operation past the normal surge line. For the compressor used, a 25 percent reduction in the surge point mass flow was achieved over a range of speeds and pressure ratios. Time-resolved measurements during controlled operation revealed that the throttle required relatively little power to suppress the surge oscillations, because the disturbances are attacked in their initial stages. Although designed for operation with small disturbances, the controller was also able to eliminate existing, large-amplitude, surge oscillations. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions showed that a lumped parameter model appeared adequate to represent the behavior of the compression system with the throttle controller and, perhaps more importantly, to be used in the design of more sophisticated control strategies.

scholarly journals Active Stabilization of Centrifugal Compressor Surge

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Pinsley ◽  
G. R. Guenette ◽  
A. H. Epstein ◽  
E. M. Greitzer
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Surge Line

Active suppression of centrifugal compressor surge has been demonstrated on a centrifugal compressor equipped with a servo-actuated plenum exit throttle controller. The control scheme is fundamentally different from conventional surge control techniques in that it addresses directly the dynamic behavior of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower mass flows. The method used is to feed back perturbations in plenum pressure rise, in real time, to a fast acting control valve. The increased aerodynamic damping of incipient oscillations due to the resulting valve motion allows stable operation past the normal surge line. For the compressor used, a 25% reduction in the surge point mass flow was achieved, over a range of speeds and pressure ratios. Time-resolved measurements during controlled operation revealed that the throttle required relatively little power to suppress the surge oscillations, because the disturbances are attacked in their initial stages. Although designed for operation with small disturbances, the controller was also able to eliminate existing, large amplitude, surge oscillations. Comparison of experimental results with theoretical predictions showed that a lumped parameter model appeared adequate to represent the behavior of the compression system with the throttle controller and, perhaps more importantly, to be used in the design of more sophisticated control strategies.

Multistage Centrifugal Compressor Surge Analysis: Part II—Numerical Simulation and Dynamic Control Parameters Evaluation

1999 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Arnulfi ◽  
P. Giannattasio ◽  
C. Giusto ◽  
A. F. Massardo ◽  
D. Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Multistage Centrifugal Compressor

This paper describes, from a theoretical point of view, the behavior of compression systems during surge and the effect of passive and active control devices on the instability limit of the system. A lumped parameter model is used to simulate the compression system described in Part I of this work (Arnulfi et al., 1999), based on an industrial multistage centrifugal compressor. A comparison with experimental results shows that the model is accurate enough to describe quantitatively all the features of the phenomenon. A movable wall control system is studied in order to suppress surge in the compressor. Passive and active control schemes are analyzed; they both address directly the dynamic behavior of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower flow rates. The influence of system, geometry and compressor speed is investigated: the optimum values of the control parameters and the corresponding increase in the extent of the stable operating range are presented in the paper.

An Enhanced Greitzer Compressor Model Including Pipeline Dynamics and Surge

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Se Young Yoon ◽  
Zongli Lin ◽  
Christopher Goyne ◽  
Paul E. Allaire
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
Tip Clearance ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Theoretical Frequency ◽  
Measured Response

The modeling of a centrifugal compressor system with exhaust and plenum piping acoustics is presented in this paper. For an experimental centrifugal compressor test rig with modular inlet and exhaust piping, a mathematical model of the system dynamics is derived based on the Greitzer compression system model. In order to include the dynamics of the piping acoustics, a transmission line model is added to the original compressor equations and different compressor-piping configurations were tested. The resulting mathematical representations of the compression system dynamics are compared with the measured response of the experimental setup. Employing active magnetic bearings to perturb the axial impeller tip clearance of the compressor, the compression system is excited over a wide frequency range and the input-output response from the impeller tip clearance to the plenum pressure rise is analyzed. Additionally, the simulated surge oscillations are compared with the measured response in the surge condition. A good agreement is observed between the experimental and theoretical frequency responses of from the tip clearance to the output pressure, both in stable operation and during surge.

scholarly journals Multistage Centrifugal Compressor Surge Analysis: Part II — Numerical Simulation and Dynamic Control Parameters Evaluation

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmario L. Arnulfi ◽  
Pietro Giannattasio ◽  
Cristiana Giusto ◽  
Aristide F. Massardo ◽  
Diego Micheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Control ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Multistage Centrifugal Compressor

This paper describes, from a theoretical point of view, the behaviour of compression systems during surge and the effect of passive and active control devices on the instability limit of the system. A lumped parameter model is used to simulate the compression system described in Part I of this work (Arnulfi et al., 1998), based on an industrial multistage centrifugal compressor. A comparison with experimental results shows that the model is accurate enough to describe quantitatively all the features of the phenomenon. A moveable wall control system is studied in order to suppress surge in the compressor. Passive and active control schemes are analysed; they both address directly the dynamic behaviour of the compression system to displace the surge line to lower flow rates. The influence of system geometry and compressor speed is investigated; the optimum values of the control parameters and the corresponding increase in the extent of the stable operating range are presented in the paper.

Roles of vanes in diffuser on stability of centrifugal compressor

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 5380-5392
Author(s):  
Wangzhi Zou ◽  
Xiao He ◽  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
Zitian Niu ◽  
Xinqian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Rotating Stall ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
Compression System ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Rotating Instability

The stability considerations of centrifugal compressors become increasingly severe with the high pressure ratios, especially in aero-engines. Diffuser is the major subcomponent of centrifugal compressor, and its performance greatly influences the stability of compressor. This paper experimentally investigates the roles of vanes in diffuser on component instability and compression system instability. High pressure ratio centrifugal compressors with and without vanes in diffuser are tested and analyzed. Rig tests are carried out to obtain the compressor performance map. Dynamic pressure measurements and relevant Fourier analysis are performed to identify complex instability phenomena in the time domain and frequency domain, including rotating instability, stall, and surge. For component instability, vanes in diffuser are capable of suppressing the emergence of rotating stall in the diffuser at full speeds, but barely affect the characteristics of rotating instability in the impeller at low and middle speeds. For compression system instability, it is shown that the use of vanes in diffuser can effectively postpone the occurrence of compression system surge at full speeds. According to the experimental results and the one-dimensional flow theory, vanes in diffuser turn the diffuser pressure rise slope more negative and thus improve the stability of compressor stage, which means lower surge mass flow rate.

Dynamic Model of Multistage Centrifugal Compressor With a Stage-by-Stage Anti-Surge Recirculating System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Casari ◽  
Michele Pinelli ◽  
Alessio Suman ◽  
Matteo Manganelli ◽  
Mirko Morini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Suction Side ◽  
System Level ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Surge Control ◽  
Surge Line

Abstract The operability region of a centrifugal compressor is bounded by the low-flow (or high-pressure ratio) limit, commonly referred to as surge. The exact location of the surge line on the map can vary depending on the operating condition and, as a result, a typical Surge Avoidance Line is established at 10% to 15% above the stated flow for the theoretical surge line. The current state of the art of centrifugal compressor surge control is to utilize a global recycle valve to return flow from the discharge side of a centrifugal compressor to the suction side to increase the flow through the compressor and, thus, avoid entering the surge region. This is conventionally handled by defining a compressor surge control line that conservatively assumes that all stages must be kept out of surge at all the time. In compressors with multiple stages, the amount of energy loss is disproportion-ally large since the energy that was added in each stage is lost during system level (or global) recycling. This work proposes an internal stage-wise recycling that provides a much more controlled flow recycling to affect only those stages that may be on the verge of surge. The amount of flow needed for such a scheme will be much smaller than highly conservative global recycling approach. Also, the flow does not leave the compressor casing and therefore does not cross the pressure boundary. Compared to global recycling this inherently has less loss depending upon application and specific of control design.

Centrifugal Compressor Surge Behaviour

1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wachter ◽  
K.-H. Rohne
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Industrial Design ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Transient Characteristic ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
System Behaviour ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Surge Line

The unsteady behaviour of compressor systems near the surge line and during surge was investigated. Experimental examinations were carried out using a three stage centrifugal compressor of industrial design in different types of piping systems. The results obtained were compared with different theoretical models. It is demonstrated that the compressor system behaviour can be calculated adequately, if sufficient data concerning the transient characteristic of the compressor are available.

scholarly journals Dynamic Control of Centrifugal Compressor Surge Using Tailored Structures

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Gysling ◽  
J. Dugundji ◽  
E. M. Greitzer ◽  
A. H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Structural Motion

A new method for dynamic control of centrifugal compressor surge is presented. The approach taken is to suppress surge by modifying the compression system dynamic behavior using structural feedback. More specifically, one wall of a downstream volume, or plenum, is constructed so to move in response to small perturbations in pressure. This structural motion provides a means for absorbing the unsteady energy perturbations produced by the compressor, thus extending the stable operating range of the compression system. In the paper, a lumped parameter analysis is carried out to define the coupled aerodynamic and structural system behavior and the potential for stabilization. First-of-a-kind experiments are then carried out to examine the conclusions of the analysis. As predicted by the model and demonstrated with experiment, a moveable plenum wall lowered the mass flow at which surge occurred in a centrifugal compression system by roughly 25% for a large range of operating conditions. In addition, because the tailored dynamics of the structure acts to suppress instabilities in their initial stages, this control was achieved with relatively little power being dissipated by the moveable wall system, and with no noticeable decrease in steady state performance. Although designed on the basis of linear system considerations, the structural control is shown to be capable of suppressing existing large amplitude limit cycle surge oscillations.

Turbocharger Performance Simulation with Optimized 1D Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 692-708
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang Gong ◽  
Rui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
Surge Line ◽  
And Performance

Turbocharging technique has played a critical role not only for improving automotive engine performance, but also for reducing fuel consumption and exhaust emissions both in Spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines. In the research described in this paper, a 1D centrifugal compressor model has been developed for simulating turbocharger flow and performance. The model takes into account energy conservation and transfer which includes the losses determined from the compressor geometry. The losses including incident loss, friction loss, clearance loss, backward loss and volute loss were simulated by the thermodynamics model, rather than from the characteristic performance curves obtained experimentally. The proposed model was validated against experimental data and it showed simulating and experimental results are in very good agreement at three different rotational speeds, in particular near the surge line, though the deviation begins to increase as mass flow rate goes up. With current results, it has suggested the proposal is suitable for predicting the compressor performance curves such as outlet pressure, efficiency and losses for any centrifugal compressor. In addition, surge line obtained from the simulation result can be used to define stable operation range.

scholarly journals Dynamic Control of Centrifugal Compressor Surge Using Tailored Structures

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Gysling ◽  
J. Dugundji ◽  
E. M. Greitzer ◽  
A. H. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Compressor ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Compression System ◽  
Lumped Parameter ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Compressor Surge ◽  
Structural Motion

A new method for dynamic control of centrifugal compressor surge is presented. The approach taken is to suppress surge by modifying the compression system dynamic behavior using structural feedback. More specifically, one wall of a downstream volume, or plenum, is constructed so as to move in response to small perturbations in pressure. This structural motion provides a means for absorbing the unsteady energy perturbations produced by the compressor, thus extending the stable operating range of the compression system. In the paper, a lumped parameter analysis is carried out to define the coupled aerodynamic and structural system behavior and the potential for stabilization. First-of-a-kind experiments are then conducted to examine the conclusions of the analysis. As predicted by the model and demonstrated by experiment, a movable plenum wall lowered the mass flow at which surge occurred in a centrifugal compression system by roughly 25 percent for a range of operating conditions. In addition, because the tailored dynamics of the structure acts to suppress instabilities in their initial stages, this control was achievable with relatively little power being dissipated by the movable wall system, and with no noticeable decrease in steady-state performance. Although designed on the basis of linear system considerations, the structural control is shown to be capable of suppressing existing large-amplitude limit cycle surge oscillations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document