Tribological Behavior of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon Films on Silicon

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Gangopadhyay ◽  
W. C. Vassell ◽  
M. A. Tamor ◽  
P. A. Willermet
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Carbon Carbon Bond ◽  
Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon

Unlike polycrystalline diamond films, amorphous hydrogenated carbon (AHC) films can be deposited at room temperature, are amorphous in atomic structure, and form very smooth surfaces. Amorphous hydrogenated carbon film consists of very small 10–20 Å sp2 bonded (graphitic) clusters captured in a largely sp3 coordinated, partially hydrogenated random network of covalently bonded carbon. Because of the extreme stiffness of the carbon-carbon bond, this hydrocarbon composite, less dense even than graphite, exhibits hardness rivaling that of the hardest ceramics. We report a systematic study of the tribological characteristics of AHC films deposited on silicon substrates by radio frequency plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. The friction and wear behavior of these films in sliding contact with a steel ball without any lubrication was evaluated as a function of film deposition conditions, contact stress, sliding speed, sliding distance, and relative humidity. The friction coefficient and the wear of both the contacting surfaces were found to increase with relative humidity. At low relative humidity, (a) the films exhibited friction coefficients in the range of 0.05–0.16 under a contact stress ranging from 0.83 to 1.66 GPa and a sliding speed ranging from 0.03 to 1 m/s and (b) the wear rates of the film and the steel ball were significantly lower than that of other hard coating, such as TiN or TiC, evaluated under similar conditions. These results are very encouraging for some tribological applications of AHC films.

Profilometric Evaluation of the Worn Surfaces under Dry Reciprocating Wear Conditions of a Composite Material to Repair Brass Made Parts

2014 ◽  
Vol 657 ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgil Iliuţă ◽  
Minodora Rîpă ◽  
Gabriel Andrei ◽  
Adriana Preda ◽  
Cornel Suciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Dry Friction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Tribological Tests ◽  
Reciprocating Wear

This paper presents the results of the profilometric analysis of wear tracks from tribological tests of a composite material made by Diamond Metallplastic GmbH, Germany. This material has a polymer matrix reinforced with Cu, Zn, Sn particles, and various allotropic forms of SiO2. The material belongs to Multimetall Messing category and is recommended by the manufacturer for repairing brass made parts. This composite material was tribologically tested in dry friction reciprocating conditions, in ball-on-flat configuration, using the tribotester CETR-UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation). The counterpiece was a steel ball. The tests were conducted at normal loads of 20, 30, 40 and 50N, over a distance of 100 m, at an average sliding speed of 3,50 mm/s, at room temperature and relative humidity of 40-60%. The wear tracks were examined with the help of a laser profilometer and the profilometric module of the tribotester CETR-UMT-2 (Bruker Corporation). The profilometric analysis results for the composite are compared to those obtained for brass. Comparing the wear tracks of the two materials, it can be found that the composite material has a better tribological behavior than the brass.

The Mechanical Properties and Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C-SIC

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao Wen ◽  
Chongsheng Long ◽  
Tang Rui ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Sic Composites

Carbon fiber reinforced carbon-silicon carbide composites (C/C-SiC) were prepared by chemical volume infiltration (CVI) method and reaction melt infiltration (RMI) technique of silicon liquid to carbon reinforce carbon matrix composites. The friction and wear behaviors of C/C-SiC composites at various loads and sliding speeds were investigated by MRH-3 block-on-ring tribometer at room temperature under water lubricating conditions. Furthermore, the morphologies, phase of the worn surface and the debris were observed, examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDAX) respectively. Experimental results showed that the C/C-SiC composites had a better wear resistence, and the friction coefficient under water lubricated conditions is about 0.02–0.06. The influence of sliding speed on the friction coefficients and the specific wear rate of C/C-SiC is more obvious than that of normal load when the load is less than 200N (inclueded200N). The friction coefficient and the specific wear rate of C/C-SiC decreased as the sliding velocity increased. At the sliding speed higher than 2m/s, the friction coefficient is less than 0.02. The specific wear rates is at a low level about (2×10−7mm3/Nm–5×10−8mm3/Nm).

Study on Abrasive Wear Behavior and Mechanisms of 7Cr7Mo2V2Si Steel as Drilling Tool Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 2986-2992
Author(s):  
Ye Fa Tan ◽  
Bin Cai ◽  
Xiao Long Wang ◽  
Guo Liang Jiang ◽  
Chun Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Corrosive Wear ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior

In order to search for new wear resistant materials used as drilling tools and improve the service life and drilling efficiency, the 7Cr7Mo2V2Si steel was prepared and its abrasive wear behavior and mechanisms were studied under both dry and water wear conditions. The research results show that the wear losses of the 7Cr7Mo2V2Si steel increase with the increase of normal load and sliding speed at both of dry and water wear conditions. The wear losses become greatly increase at high sliding speed and heavy normal load wear conditions. The wear rates of the 7Cr7Mo2V2Si steel at water wear conditions are bigger than those at dry wear conditions. The existence of water will aggravate the wear loss of the steel because water can clean the tribo-interface by taking away the fine powder or debris, which may keep the corundum abrasives protruding and remaining sharp edge state to produce more serious two-body abrasive wear to the steel, and meanwhile the collaborative action of the friction stress and the corrosion may result in stress corrosive wear of the steel. The main wear mechanisms of the 7Cr7Mo2V2Si steel are micro-cutting wear, multi-plastic deformation wear at dry wear conditions and accompanied with stress corrosive wear at water wear conditions.

Friction and Wear of Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon

1995 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Heidger
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Rf Power ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Power Densities ◽  
Amorphous Hydrogenated Carbon

ABSTRACTUniform amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films with surface roughnesses ranging between 1 nm and 4 nm were produced by radio frequency self biased plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (rf PECVD) on > Silicon substrates using 100% methane precursor gas mixture, rf power densities ranging between 0.11 W/cm2 and 1.07 W/cm2, and pressures ranging between 0.67 Pa and 40 Pa. Reciprocating sliding friction experiments were conducted on the a-C:H films with hemispherical, silicon nitride pins in dry nitrogen and in 60% relative humidity. The coefficients of friction and the wear rates of the a-C:H were very low in dry nitrogen, ranging from 0.03 to 0.05, and from 1.1 × 108 mm3/Nm to 2.3 × 10−6 mm3/Nm, respectively. In 60% relative humidity, the initial coefficients of friction were approximately 0.30. However, the steady state coefficients of friction of the a-C:H films ranged from 0.10 and 0.30, depending on the deposition conditions. The wear rates ranged from 2.0 × 10−9 mm3/Nm to 8.9 x 10−8 mm3/Nm in 60% relative humidity. Raman microprobe spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) revealed that sliding friction was transforming the a-C:H films into a material primarily composed of sp2 bonded carbon with increasing short range order. Qualitatively, the amount of wear which occurred corresponded to the extent that the structural changes progressed. The a-C:H films were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface profilometry.

scholarly journals Effects of Heat Treatment Condition and Counter Materials on the Wear Behavior of Laser Direct Energy Deposited Fe-8Cr-3V-2Mo-2W Alloy

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 680-692
Author(s):  
Kyeongsik Ha ◽  
Young Keun Park ◽  
Taehwan Kim ◽  
Gyeong Yun Baek ◽  
Jong Bae Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Wear Performance ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Direct Energy

This study aimed to investigate the wear performance of laser direct energy deposited Fe-8Cr3V-2Mo-2W alloy under various wear environments, in terms of different heat treatment conditions. Ball on disk tribology tests were performed using high-carbon steel and zirconia balls as counter materials. The wear rates of the alloy depended significantly on both the wear sliding speed and the wear load. Microstructural observations of the worn surface and the wear debris indicated intensive tribo-oxidative wear that was presumably responsible for the strong dependency of the wear rate on the wear sliding speed. Regardless of the type of counter materials, the alloy in the as-built state had better wear performance than the alloy with heat treatments. Therefore, the use of the alloy without post heat treatment would be favorable to obtain long-term durability of the alloy in severe wear environments. The wear tests with two different counter materials of high-carbon steel and zirconia showed the high-carbon steel counter material had a higher wear rate than the zirconia. This was thought to be due to that strong third-body abrasive actions of the high-carbon steel counter material, evidenced by the severe abrasive wear of the counter material.

Triboinformatics Approach for Friction and Wear Prediction of Al-Graphite Composites Using Machine Learning Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Syam Hasan ◽  
Amir Kordijazi ◽  
Pradeep K. Rohatgi ◽  
Michael Nosonovsky
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract Data-driven analysis and machine learning (ML) algorithms can offer novel insights into tribological phenomena by establishing correlations between material and tribological properties. We developed ML algorithms using tribological data available in the literature for predicting the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear-rate of self-lubricating aluminum graphite (Al/Gr) composites. We collected data on effects of material variables (graphite content, hardness, ductility, yield strength, silicon carbide content, and tensile strength), processing procedure, heat treatment and tribological test variables (normal load, sliding speed, and sliding distance) on tribological properties and established two-parameter relationships. These data are analyzed using several ML algorithms: artificial neural network (ANN), K nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and random forest (RF). The trained ML models can predict the tribological behavior from material variables and test conditions, beyond what is possible from two-parameter correlations. GBM outperformed other ML algorithms in predicting friction behavior, while RF had the best prediction of the wear behavior. ML analysis identified graphite content and hardness and as the most significant variables in predicting the COF, while graphite content and sliding speed were the most dominant variables for wear-rates.

Friction and Wear Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Nanostructured and Conventional WC-Co Coatings under Water Environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 373-374 ◽  
pp. 564-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Qin Zhao ◽  
Jian Min Chen ◽  
Hui Di Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Stainless Steel Ball

Nanostructured and conventional WC-Co coatings were deposited on 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel substrate using an atmospheric plasma spraying facility. The friction and wear behavior of the resulting cermet composite coatings in water environment was comparatively investigated. It was found that the nanostructured and conventional WC-Co coatings had similar friction coefficients under the same testing conditions. However, the nanostructured WC-Co coating had better wear resistance than the conventional WC-Co coating as slid against both Si3N4 ball and stainless steel ball. At the same time, the stainless steel or Si3N4 counterpart matched with the nanostructured WC-Co coating had a much smaller wear rate as well, and as compared to rubbing against the ceramic ball counterpart, the two types of coatings rubbing against the stainless steel ball registered lower friction coefficients and wear rates.

Carbon Film Deposition On Silicon Using Low Energy Ion Beams

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Fuguang ◽  
Yao Zhenyu ◽  
Ren Zhizhang ◽  
S.-T. Lee ◽  
I. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Beam Deposition

ABSTRACTDirect ion beam deposition of carbon films on silicon in the ion energy range of 15–500eV and temperature range of 25–800°C has been studied using mass selected C+ ions under ultrahigh vacuum. The films were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy and diffraction analysis. Films deposited at room temperature consist mainly of amorphous carbon. Deposition at a higher temperature, or post-implantation annealing leads to formation of microcrystalline graphite. A deposition temperature above 800°C favors the formation of microcrystalline graphite with a preferred orientation in the (0001) direction. No evidence of diamond formation was observed in these films.

Effect Multiple Addition (TiO2 and Fly Ash) on Wear Behavior and Hardness of 2024 Al Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1039 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Ruaa A. Salman ◽  
Naser K. Zedin
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Sliding Speed ◽  
Multiple Addition

This research is devoted to study the effect of addition (2%) TiO2 with different weight percent of fly ash particulate (0, 2, 4, 6%) to 2024 Al alloy on the wear behavior and hardness. The alloy was fabricated by the liquid metallurgy method. The results founds that the wear rate decreased from 0.55 with 0% fly ash to 0.18 at addition percentage of 6% fly ash. Also, the results reveal increasing the samples wear rate with increasing the load and loaded time. The rate of wear was decreased with increasing the sliding speed. Also, the values of hardness increased from 120VH to 160VH with rising the fly ash from 0% to 6%. Keywords: Fly Ash addition, TiO2, 2024 Al Alloy, Wear Resistance, Hardness.

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