Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fujio ◽  
A. Kubo ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Phase Stepping ◽  
Interference Fringes ◽  
Phase Stepping Method ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Holographic Measurement

The form deviations of tooth flanks of spur and helical gears obtained by using a laser holographic interferometer are compared with the results of the conventional measuring method using a contacting stylus. The objective tooth flank which has a rough finish compared with optical parts is irradiated with a laser beam in a large incident angle to obtain the reflected ray from it. Image patterns of the interference fringes for tooth flanks with various types of form deviation are obtained, and they are transformed to the form deviations from the target tooth flank form. The algorithm of this transformation is shown: the brightness information of the image of the interference fringe on the CRT is converted to the amplitude of form deviation defined on the plane of action of the gear according to the phase difference of light beam by using the phase stepping method. A partial measuring procedure for helical gears is proposed which achieves the same level of accuracy as the conventional method using a stylus.

Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear: Part 1 — Principle and Measurement of Spur Gear

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kubo ◽  
H. Fujio ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interference Fringe ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Phase Stepping ◽  
Phase Stepping Method ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Holographic Measurement

Abstract Form deviation of tooth flank of spur gear is measured by laser holographic interferometer. To get the reflected ray from the objective tooth flank, laser beam is irradiated with large incident angle to the objective tooth flank which has considerably rough surface finish in comparison with that of optical parts. Some tooth flanks with various kinds of form deviation were measured, and image patterns of interference fringe were obtained. The conversion of the coordinates of the image figure of the gear tooth flank on CRT to the coordinate system of the gear is worked out by fitting the contour form of simulated figure to that of observed images. The algorithm of transformation from interference fringe pattern to tooth flank form deviation is shown: The brightness of the interference fringe image on the CRT is converted to the amplitude of form deviation defined on the plane of action of the gear via phase difference of light beam which is obtained by phase stepping method. The form deviations of tooth flanks of spur gear obtained by this interference method were compared with the results of conventional measuring method using contacting stylus.

Laser Holographic Measurement of Tooth Flank Form of Cylindrical Involute Gear: Part 2 — For Helical Gear Tooth

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fujio ◽  
A. Kubo ◽  
S. Tochimoto ◽  
H. Hanaki ◽  
S. Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Helical Gear ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Error Surface ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Laser Holography ◽  
Holographic Measurement

Abstract The interferometry using laser holography is applied to measure the form deviation of tooth flank of involute helical gears. One problem of this method is that the increase of helix angle reduces the region of the flank to which the laser beam can irradiate at a same time. To solve this problem, following method is developed: The objective tooth flank is divided into some regions, and the interferometry measurement is worked out for each region. The measured values for the form deviation of each region of the tooth flank are transformed to the values on the plane of action of this gear. These values for each region of the tooth flank are then concatenated successively until they result the curved surface for the form deviation of the whole tooth flank of the helical gear. The error surface of the tooth flank of helical gear obtained by this procedure is compared with that of conventional measuring method using contacting stylus.

scholarly journals Contact Free Measurement of Tooth Flank Form Deviation of Cylindrical Involute Helical Gears.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (548) ◽  
pp. 1209-1216
Author(s):  
Hiroshige FUJIO ◽  
Aizoh KUBO ◽  
Shigeaki TOCHIMOTO ◽  
Hideyuki HANAKI ◽  
Yoshiaki SAITOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helical Gears ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Contact Free

Laser Interferometric Measuring Method of Involute Artifact and Stabilization of Measurement

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Masaharu Komori ◽  
◽  
Fumi Takeoka ◽  
Aizoh Kubo ◽  
Hiroshige Fujio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Involute Gears ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Form Quality ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Laser Interferometric

Vibration and noise are serious problems with involute spur and helical gears used, e.g., in drivetrains of vehicles such as automobiles. The gear tooth flank form of micrometer order markedly affects gear vibration and noise; therefore, the tooth flank form quality must be strictly controlled to maximize gear performance. Tooth profile measuring machines used in calibration for form error inspection of involute gears usually use an involute artifact, which itself must be calibrated highly accurately. However, it is typically difficult for current tooth profile measuring machine using contact stylus to calibrate the involute artifact with a high accuracy while satisfying traceability to a national standard. A highly precise and traceable measuring technology for the involute artifact is therefore required. The direct measurement of the involute artifact we propose uses a laser interferometer, whose measurement stability is confirmed in experiments measuring the detailed form of an involute tooth flank.

Evaluation of Pitch Deviations with Comprehensive Representation Suitable for Engagement Evaluation in Different Types of Gears

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syuhei Kurokawa ◽  
◽  
Yasutsune Ariura ◽  
Toshiro Doi
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Length Unit ◽  
Helical Gears ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Surface Deviations ◽  
Tooth Flank ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
Form Deviation ◽  
Flank Surface ◽  
Gear Engagement

Gear tooth flank deviations should be characterized to evaluate individual gear accuracy directly linked to gear performance during engagement. The comprehensive pitch deviation representation we propose is calculated using multiple tooth flank surface deviations as 0-order form deviations. In this representation, pitch error is expressed by angle unit, not by length unit, and calculated from measured conventional deviation (profiles and leads) withoutmeasuring pitch deviation. For spur and helical gears, pitch deviation is expressed by a single length unit and also by a single angle unit. On the other hand, for bevel gear flank, pitch deviation expressed by length unit consists of many different values even on a single flank. Using the angle unit expression, form deviation is described exactly by a single parameter. The comprehensive representation we propose overcomes the disadvantages of conventional pitch deviation evaluation, going right to the point of gear engagement evaluation.

One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Brushes For The Rapid Label-Free Detection of Yersinia Pestis With a Reflective Laser System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Ping Lin ◽  
Hui-Ling Hsu ◽  
Hui-Chung Lin ◽  
Hsin-Hsien Huang ◽  
Chien-Hsing Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Diffraction Effect ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Label Free Detection

Abstract Background: Because of the low sensitivity of commercial products, development of a facile method to rapidly identify plague on-site remains highly attractive. Line arrays of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted using a photoresist template to fabricate one-dimensional diffraction gratings (DGs). The as-prepared samples first bound protein G to immobilize and orient the tails of the antibody of Yersinia pestis (abY). A laser beam was employed to analyze the 2D and 3D reflective signals of DGs at an incident angle of 45°. The abY-tailed PMAA DG possessed an optical feature with a characteristic diffraction effect along the SII, in which the projection of the laser beam on the plane of the DG chip was parallel to the strips, and ST configurations, in which they were perpendicular. A fluidic diffraction chip based on the abY-tailed PMMA DG was fabricated to examine the ability to detect Yersinia pestis along the ST configuration. Results: Upon flowing through the chip, Yersinia pestis was attached to the abY-tailed PMMA DG, which changed the diffraction intensity. The degree of the diffraction intensity exhibited a linear response to Yersinia pestis at concentrations from 102 to 107 CFU mL−1, and the limit of detection was 75 CFU mL−1, 1000 times lower than a commercial product (Alexter Bio-Detect Test). The diffractive sensor could selectively detect Yersinia pestis in spiked serum samples, with excellent standard deviation and recovery. Conclusion: Our platform provides a simple, label-free method for on-site plague diagnosis to prevent the highly rapid transmission of plague.

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Films by Pulsed CO2 Laser Irradiaton of Silane

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pauleau ◽  
R. Stawski ◽  
Ph. Lami ◽  
G. Auvert
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Laser Fluence ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Silicon Films ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Pulsed Co2 Laser ◽  
Quartz Substrates

ABSTRACTSilane molecules have been irradiated by a pulsed CO2 laser operating at 10.59 μm. The threshold of silicon formation by homogeneous dissociation of silane has been investigated as a function of laser fluence (0.1–3.5 J/cm2) and silane pressure (1–100 Torr). Silicon films have been deposited on quartz substrates using the laser beam either perpendicular or parallel to the substrate surface. The crystallographic structure and deposition rate of these silicon films are found to be dependent on the incident angle of the laser beam, silane pressure, substrate temperature and laser fluence. The growth mechanism of these films is discussed.

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