Three-Dimensional Analytical Temperature Field Around the Welding Cavity Produced by a Moving Distributed High-Intensity Beam

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Wei ◽  
M. D. Shian
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Field ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Confluent Hypergeometric Functions

An analytical solution for the three-dimensional temperature field in the liquid and heat-affected zones around a welding cavity produced by a moving distributed low- or high-power-density-beam is provided. The incident energy rate distribution is assumed to be Gaussian and the cavity is idealized by a paraboloid of revolution in workpieces of infinite, semi-infinite, or finite thicknesses. The present study finds that temperature fields can be described by the Laguerre and confluent hypergeometric functions. By satisfying a momentum balance at the cavity base and utilizing a consequence of the second law of thermodynamics, the depth of penetration is uniquely determined. The results show that the predicted depths and temperatures of the cavity agree with available experimental data. Some crucial factors affecting the transition from low- to high-power-density-beam welding are presented.

scholarly journals High-power density monolithic fuel cell stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéven Pirou ◽  
Belma Talic ◽  
Karen Brodersen ◽  
Anne Hauch ◽  
Henrik Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Multiphysics Modelling

Abstract The transportation sector is currently undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by batteries. However, their limited range and long charging times limit wide-spread adoption. Electrified transportation powered by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative especially for heavy freight and long-range transportation, as this technology can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. Thus far, the technology is mostly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric and gravimetric power density, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a novel metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Highly cost-competitive and scalable manufacturing methods are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to two or three for conventional SOFCs. The design is further optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell shows exceptionally high power density (5.6 kW/L) revealing the vast potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.

A High Temperature, High Power Density Package for SiC and GaN Power Devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (HiTEN) ◽  
pp. 000208-000213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Cole ◽  
B. McGee ◽  
J. Stabach ◽  
C. B. O'Neal ◽  
B. Passmore
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Power Module ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Three Dimensional Finite Element

In this work, a compact 600 – 1700 V high current power package housing either silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN) power die was designed and developed. Several notable configurations of the package include diode half-bridges, co-packed MOSFET-diode pairs, and cascode configured GaN devices. In order to avoid a significant redesign effort for each new application or improvement in device technology, a device-neutral design strategy enables the use of a variety of die types from any manufacturer depending on the end-use application's requirements. The basic SOT-227 is a widely used package type found in everything from electronic welders and power supplies to motor controls and inverters. This module is a variant of that style of package which also addresses some issues that a standard SOT-227 package has when used in higher voltage applications; it has increased creepage and clearance distances which meet IPC, UL, and IEC standards up to 1700 volts while retaining an isolated substrate. It also has low parasitic values in comparison to the SOT-227. One of the key elements of this design is the removal of the baseplate. This allows for far lower weight, volume, and cost as well as reduced manufacturing complexity. The wide bandgap power package is composed of high temperature capable materials, which allow for the high junction temperatures inherent in these high power density devices. This paves the way for the design of a small, low-profile package with low parasitic inductances and a small junction-to-case thermal resistance. This paper will discuss the mechanical design of the power package as well as the three-dimensional finite-element modeling and analysis of the thermal, electrical, and mechanical characteristics. In addition, the electrical characteristics as a function of temperature of the power module up to 225 °C will be presented.

Using tobacco mosaic virus template for the fabrication of three-dimensional hierarchical microbattery electrodes with high energy and high power density

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Pomerantseva ◽  
Konstantinos Gerasopoulos ◽  
Markus Gnerlich ◽  
Philipp Odenwald ◽  
James Culver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Power Density

scholarly journals High-power density monolithic fuel cell stack

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Pirou ◽  
Belma Talic ◽  
Karen Brodersen ◽  
Anne Hauch ◽  
Henrik Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Power Density

Abstract The transportation sector is currently undergoing a technology shift from internal combustion engines to electric motors powered by batteries. However, their limited range and long charging times limit wide-spread adoption. Electrified transportation powered by solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an attractive alternative especially for heavy freight and long-range transportation, as this technology can provide high-efficiency and flexible fuel choices. Thus far, the technology is mostly used for stationary applications owing to the high operating temperature, low volumetric and gravimetric power density, and poor robustness towards thermal cycling and mechanical vibrations of conventional ceramic-based cells. Here, we present a novel metal-based monolithic fuel cell design to overcome these issues. Highly cost-competitive and scalable manufacturing methods are employed for fabrication, and only a single heat treatment is required, as opposed to two or three for conventional SOFCs. The design is further optimised through three-dimensional multiphysics modelling, nanoparticle infiltration, and corrosion-mitigating treatments. The monolithic fuel cell shows exceptionally high power density (5.6 kW/L) and excellent thermal cycling robustness, revealing the vast potential of SOFC technology for transport applications.

scholarly journals THREE-DIMENSIONAL CORE DESIGN OF A SUPER FAST REACTOR WITH A HIGH POWER DENSITY

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Liangzhi Cao ◽  
Yoshiaki Oka ◽  
Yuki Ishiwatari ◽  
Satoshi Ikejiri ◽  
Haitao Ju
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
High Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Power Density

Three-Dimensional Nickel Foam Based Enzymatic Electrode and Its Glucose/O2Biofuel Cell with High Power Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 164 (13) ◽  
pp. G112-G120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Hui ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma ◽  
Fengjin Qu ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
Ying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Power Density

l-Cysteine tailored porous graphene aerogel for enhanced power generation in microbial fuel cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (72) ◽  
pp. 58921-58927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qiao ◽  
Guo-Yun Wen ◽  
Xiao-Shuai Wu ◽  
Long Zou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Graphene Aerogel ◽  
Porous Graphene ◽  
Pore Structures

l-Cysteine tailored porous graphene aerogel anode possesses three dimensional pore structures and biocompatibility surface for increased biocatalyst loading and thus achieves high power density inS. putrefaciensmicrobial fuel cells.

A high power density single flow zinc–nickel battery with three-dimensional porous negative electrode

2013 ◽  
Vol 241 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhui Cheng ◽  
Huamin Zhang ◽  
Qinzhi Lai ◽  
Xianfeng Li ◽  
Dingqin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Single Flow ◽  
Zinc Nickel

A miniaturized microbial fuel cell with three-dimensional graphene macroporous scaffold anode demonstrating a record power density of over 10 000 W m−3

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3539-3547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Ren ◽  
He Tian ◽  
Cameron L. Gardner ◽  
Tian-Ling Ren ◽  
Junseok Chae
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Free Standing

We report a miniaturized microbial fuel cell, integrated with a 3D free-standing graphene scaffold, delivering a record high power density of 11 220 W m−3.

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