Rheological and Hydraulic Properties of Welan Gum Fluids in Straight and Coiled Tubings

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedeji Asubiaro ◽  
Subhash N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Friction Loss ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Welan Gum ◽  
Curvature Ratio ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Friction Pressure ◽  
Loss Prediction

This study involves experimental investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of aqueous based welan gum fluids of concentrations 1.4kg∕m3, 2.9kg∕m3, 5.7kg∕m3, and 8.6kg∕m3 in both straight and coiled tubings at 21°C, with particular emphasis on the effect of polymer concentration and coiled tubing curvature ratio. The flow loop available at the Well Construction Technology Center of the University of Oklahoma, consisting of 1.27cm straight and coiled tubings (with curvature ratios of 0.01, 0.019, and 0.031), was utilized. It was observed that for all welan gum fluids investigated, friction losses in coiled tubing were significantly higher than those in straight tubing. In addition, increasing coiled tubing curvature ratio brings about higher friction loss for all fluids investigated. Rheological data for these fluids were obtained using a Model 35 Fann viscometer. Friction pressure data gathered from flow experiments are analyzed and correlations for friction pressure loss prediction of welan gum fluids have been developed for both straight and coiled tubings. These correlations, which represent the industry’s first attempt in the fundamental investigation of friction loss prediction of welan gum fluids, are found to provide good accuracy when compared to the experimental data. Flow behavior of welan gum fluids is compared with 4.9kg∕m3 guar fluid. It is found that in both straight and coiled tubings, the guar fluid exhibited higher drag reduction when compared to the welan gum fluids investigated in this study.

Maximum Drag Reduction Asymptote of Polymeric Fluid Flow in Coiled Tubing

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash N. Shah ◽  
Yunxu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Polymeric Fluids ◽  
Curvature Ratio ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Maximum Drag Reduction

This study experimentally investigates the drag reduction characteristics of the most commonly used polymer fluids in coiled tubing applications. The flow loop employed consists of 12.7mm straight and coiled tubing sections. The curvature ratio (a∕R, where a and R are the radii of the tubing and the reel drum, respectively) investigated is from 0.01 to 0.076, which covers the typical curvature ratio range encountered in the oil and gas industry applications. Fluids tested include xanthan gum, guar gum, and hydroxypropyl guar at various polymer concentrations. It is found that the drag reduction in coiled tubing is significantly lower than that in straight tubing, probably due to the effect of secondary flow in curved geometry. The onset of drag reduction is also found to be delayed as the curvature ratio was increased. A correlation for the maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote in coiled tubing is developed. When the curvature ratio is set to zero, the new correlation reduces to the well-known Virk’s MDR asymptote for dilute polymer solutions in straight pipes. A new drag reduction envelope is proposed for the analysis of drag reduction behavior of polymeric fluids in coiled tubing. Application of the new drag reduction envelope is also discussed.

Rheological and Hydraulic Properties of Drilling, Completion, and Stimulation Fluids in Straight and Coiled Tubings

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Zhou ◽  
S. N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Polymeric Fluids ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Friction Pressure

The rheological properties and friction pressure losses of several fluids that are most commonly used as well drilling, completion, and stimulation fluids have been investigated experimentally. These fluids include polymeric fluids – Xanthan gum, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), guar gum, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), bentonite drilling mud, oil-based drilling mud, and guar-based fracturing slurries. Rheological measurements using a Bohlin CS 50 rheometer and a model 35 Fann viscometer showed that these fluids exhibit shear thinning and thermal thinning behavior except the bentonite drilling mud whose viscosity increased as the temperature was raised. Flow experiments using a full-scale coiled tubing test facility showed that the friction pressure loss in coiled tubing is significantly higher than in straight tubing. Since the polymeric fluids displayed drag reducing property, their drag reduction behavior in straight and coiled tubings was analyzed and compared. It was found that the drag reduction (DR) in coiled tubing is much lower than that in straight tubing. Plots of drag reduction vs. generalized Reynolds number indicate that the drag reduction in coiled tubing was not affected by polymer concentration as much as in straight tubing. The onsets of turbulence and drag reduction in coiled tubing were significantly delayed as compared with straight tubing. The effect of solids content on the friction pressure losses in coiled tubing is also briefly discussed.

Coiled Tubing Fracturing Tube Pressure Loss Prediction Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Dan Qiong Li ◽  
Shi Cheng Zhang ◽  
Suian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Straight Pipe ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Friction Pressure ◽  
Loss Prediction ◽  
Pipe Segment ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Fluid Rheology

A coiled tubing pressure loss prediction model was established by fluid dynamics theory and method which based on the basic characteristics of the non-Newtonian fluid rheology; Construction displacement, sand ratio and well depth parameters of the pressure loss in the pipe, and calculated pipe pressure loss when the actual pumping process through examples. Thesis proposes: (1) the bend within the pressure loss is an important part of the pressure loss, should be based on the construction object to choice coiled tubing length reasonable, and minimize elbow paragraph length in order to reduce the pipe friction pressure loss. (2) Flow and sand ratio have the same impact of the law with the depth changes in the pressure loss of the straight pipe segment and elbow segment, increases linearly with the depth, flow or sand ratio the larger, more dramatic increase with the depth. Flow or sand ratio the larger the total pressure loss of the tube with the depth decreasing amplitude the greater. (3) According to the actual pump injection procedure, the tube fluid rheological parameters will change, inject pre-flush and replacement fluid the pipe pressure loss low; inject sand mixing liquid friction pressure loss high.

Maximum Drag Reduction Asymptote of Polymeric Fluid Flow in Coiled Tubing

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash N. Shah ◽  
Yunxu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Polymeric Fluids ◽  
Curvature Ratio ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Industry Applications ◽  
Maximum Drag Reduction

This study experimentally investigates the drag reduction characteristics of the most commonly used polymer fluids in coiled tubing applications. The flow loop employed consists of 1/2-in. straight and coiled tubing sections. The curvature ratio (a/R where a and R are the radii of the tubing and the reel drum respectively) investigated is from 0.01 to 0.076 which covers the typical curvature ratio range encountered in the oil and gas industry applications. Fluids tested include xanthan gum, guar gum, and HPG (hydroxypropyl guar) at various polymer concentrations. It is found that the drag reduction in coiled tubing is significantly lower than that in straight tubing, probably due to the effect of secondary flow in curved geometry. The onset of drag reduction is also found to be delayed as the curvature ratio was increased. A correlation for the maximum drag reduction (MDR) asymptote in coiled tubing is developed. When the curvature ratio is set to zero, the new correlation reduces to the famous Virk's MDR asymptote for dilute polymer solutions in straight pipes. A new drag reduction envelope is also proposed for the analysis of drag reduction behavior of polymeric fluids in coiled tubing. Application of the new drag reduction envelope is also discussed.

Drag Reducing Polymer in Helicoidal Flow

1981 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Kuo ◽  
L. S. G. Kovasznay
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Superposition Principle ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Screw Pump

A novel flow configuration was explored for the study of the behavior of drag reducing polymers. A screw pump consisting of a smooth cylinder and a concentrically placed screw was used to create a strongly three-dimensional but essentially laminar flow. In the first phase of the study, the static pressure head developed by the screw pump was measured as a function of polymer concentration (polyox 10 to 100 ppm in water). A large increase of the developed head was observed that behaved in an analogous manner to drag reduction as far as concentration and straining of the polymer solution was concerned. In the second phase of the study, a new apparatus was constructed and the additional parameter of a superimposed through flow was included and the degree of failure of the superposition principle was established. Sensitivity of the phenomenon to chemicals like HCl, HNO3, and NaOH in the polymer solution was also studied. When the effect of these chemicals on the polymer solution flow behavior was presented in terms of the pH value of the polymer solution, it showed a similar trend to those observed in drag reduction.

Investigation of Flow Behavior of Slickwater in Large Straight and Coiled Tubing

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash N. Shah ◽  
A.H. Ahmed Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Coiled Tubing

Rheological Properties and Frictional Pressure Loss of Drilling, Completion, and Stimulation Fluids in Coiled Tubing

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxu Zhou ◽  
Subhash N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Polymeric Fluids ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Friction Pressure

The rheological properties and friction pressure losses of several common well-drilling, completion, and stimulation fluids have been investigated experimentally. These fluids include polymeric fluids—Xanthan gum, partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), guar gum, and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), bentonite drilling mud, oil-based drilling mud, and guar-based fracturing slurries. Rheological measurements using a Bohlin CS 50 rheometer and a model 35 Fann viscometer showed that these fluids exhibit shear thinning and thermal thinning behavior except the bentonite drilling mud whose viscosity increased as the temperature was raised. Flow experiments using a full-scale coiled tubing test facility showed that the friction pressure loss in coiled tubing is significantly higher than in straight tubing. Since the polymeric fluids displayed drag reducing property, their drag reduction behavior in straight and coiled tubings was analyzed and compared. Plots of drag reduction vs. generalized Reynolds number indicate that the drag reduction in coiled tubing was not affected by polymer concentration as much as in straight tubing. The onsets of turbulence and drag reduction in coiled tubing were significantly delayed as compared with straight tubing. The effect of solids content on the friction pressure losses in coiled tubing is also briefly discussed.

Evaluation of bend curvature of superheater tube using CFD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushovan Chatterjee ◽  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Neelam Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Pass System ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Curvature Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Superheater Tube ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The heat transfer within a heat exchanger is highly influenced by geometry of the components especially those with hollow structures like tubes. This paper aims to intend toward the study of efficient and optimized heat transfer in the bends of superheater tubes, with different curvature ratio at constant Reynolds Number. Design/methodology/approach The effect of changing curvature ratio on enthalpy of the fluid passing through the superheater tubes for multi-pass system has been studied with the aid of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using ANSYS 14.0. Initially a superheater tube with two pass system has been examined with different curvature ratios of 1.425, 1.56, 1.71, 1.85 and 1.99. An industry specified curvature ratio of 1.71 with two pass is investigated, and a comparative assessment has been carried out. This is intended toward obtaining an optimized radius of curvature of the bend for enhancement of heat transfer. Findings The results obtained from software simulation revealed that the curvature ratio of 1.85 provides maximum heat transfer to the fluid flowing through the tube with two pass. This result has been found to be consistent with higher number of passes as well. The effect of secondary flow in bends of curvature has also been illustrated in the present work. Research limitations/implications The study of heat transfer in thermodynamic systems is a never-ending process and has to be continued for the upliftment of power plant performances. This study has been conducted on steady flow behavior of the fluid which may be upgraded by carrying out the same in transient mode. The impact of different curvature ratios on some important parameters such as heat transfer coefficients will certainly upgrade the value of research. Originality/value This computational study provided comprehensive information on fluid flow behavior and its effect on heat transfer in bends of curvature of superheater tubes inside the boiler. It also provides information on optimized bend of curvature for efficient heat transfer process.

Multiphase Flow Loop Testing of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve for Light Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Taghavi ◽  
Ismarullizam Mohd Ismail ◽  
Haavard Aakre ◽  
Vidar Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Flow Loop ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Total Recovery ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Model Oil

Abstract To increase the production and recovery of marginal, mature, and challenging oil reservoirs, developing new inflow control technologies is of great importance. In cases where production of surrounding reservoir fluids such as gas and water can cause negative effects on both the total oil recovery and the amounts of energy required to drain the reservoir, the multiphase flow performances of these technologies are of particular significance. In typical cases, a Long Horizontal Well (LHW) will eventually start producing increasing amounts of these fluids. This will cause the Water Cut (WC) and/or Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) to rise, ultimately forcing the well to be shut down even though there still are considerable amounts of oil left in the reservoir. In earlier cases, Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Autonomous Inflow Control Devices (AICD) have proven to limit these challenges and increase the total recovery by balancing the influx along the well and delaying the breakthrough of gas and/or water. The Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) builds on these same principles, and in addition has the ability to autonomously close when breakthrough of unwanted gas and/or water occurs. This will even out the total drawdown in the well, allowing it to continue producing without the WC and/or GOR reaching inacceptable limits. As part of the qualification program of the light-oil AICV, extensive flow performance tests have been carried out in a multiphase flow loop test rig. The tests have been performed under realistic reservoir conditions with respect to variables such as pressure and temperature, with model oil, water, and gas at different WC's and GOR's. Conducting these multiphase experiments has been valuable in the process of establishing the AICV's multiphase flow behavior, and the results are presented and discussed in this paper. Single phase performance and a comparison with a conventional ICD are also presented. The results display that the AICV shows significantly better performance than the ICD, both for single and multiphase flow. A static reservoir modelling method have been used to evaluate the AICV performance in a light-oil reservoir. When compared to a screen-only completion and an ICD completion, the simulation shows that a completion with AICV's will outperform the above-mentioned completions with respect to WC and GOR behavior. A discussion on how this novel AICV can be utilized in marginal, mature, and other challenging reservoirs will be provided in the paper.

Flow Behavior and Friction Characteristics of Fluid Flow in Coiled Tubing

2018 ◽  
pp. 153-190
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Huang ◽  
Gensheng Li ◽  
Shouceng Tian ◽  
Xianzhi Song ◽  
Mao Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Friction Characteristics ◽  
Coiled Tubing
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