Coal-Fueled Diesel Development: A Technical Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
System Design ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Hard Materials ◽  
Engine Development ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of this paper is to describe and summarize the results of the Coal Fueled Diesel Engine Development Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center. The results of the program indicate that diesel engines can be designed to operate reliably on coal–water slurries. The engine must be modified to include hard-wear resistant rings and liners. The injection system design must be modified to accommodate the slurry and to incorporate hard materials for wear prevention.

Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Development Update at GE Transportation Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Test Engine

The U.S. Department of Energy is sponsoring a General Electric Company development program for using coal-water slurry (CWS) to power a diesel engine and to test it in a locomotive. The first locomotive system test was successfully completed in 1991 on GE/TS test track. The first-phase coal-fueled 12-cylinder diesel engine used in the locomotive test employed a modified positive displacement fuel injection system and developed 2500 hp in the engine laboratory. The final phase all electric controlled fuel injection equipment (FIE) diesel engine has completed individual component development phases. Combustion research evaluated a broad range of CWS fuels with different source coals, particle sizes, and ash contents. The electronic controlled FIE single cylinder test engine yielded 99.5 percent combustion efficiency. Envelop filters and copper oxide sorbent have been chosen to clean up the engine emissions after extensive evaluation of various hot gas cleaning methods. The projected removal rate of particulate is 99.5 percent and that of SO2 is 90 percent. Over ten diamond insert injector nozzles performed well on the test engines. A bench test of one nozzle has been run for over 500 engine equivalent hours without significant wear. Tungsten carbide (WC) coated piston rings and cylinder liners were identified to be effective in overcoming power assembly wear. A matrix of WC spray parameters were investigated, and the best process was used to apply coatings onto full scale rings and liners. These and other test parts are currently running in two coal fuel operated cylinders on a converted eight-cylinder endurance test engine. All of these developed technologies will be applied onto the second phase engine and be used in the final phase locomotive test. An economic analysis was also completed on a concept locomotive design. Additional equipment cost and the level of diesel fuel price to repay the investment were analyzed. Thus the economic environment for the commercialization of the modern coal fueled locomotive is defined.

scholarly journals Coal-Fueled Turbines: Deposition Research

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Carpenter ◽  
F. W. Crouse ◽  
J. S. Halow
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Blade Cooling ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fossil Energy, through its Morgantown Energy Technology Center, has initiated a program for the application of less expensive fuels for use in gas turbines; the overall objective is to develop an environmentally sound integrated direct-fired, coal fueled gas turbine system which will produce cost-competitive energy. The fuel is coal and may be in several forms which include a micronized powder, a slurry (with water, methanol, etc.), or a minimally cleaned, coal-derived gas. The application of coal fuels to gas turbines raises a number of technical questions, a principal one being the development of deposits within the turbine. Several programs have been initiated, that are aimed at development of an understanding of turbine deposition from coal fuels. Some of DOE’s research activities which are discussed within this paper include efforts in: (a) nozzle cascade tests utilizing advanced and conventional blade cooling to minimize deposition, (b) bench-scale combustion/deposition tests, (c) laboratory research aimed at defining particle stickiness, and (d) theoretical efforts to model gas stream nucleation of particles and the resulting deposition on blades cooled to various temperatures.

The General Electric Coal-Fueled Diesel Engine Program (1982–1993): A Technical Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Caton ◽  
B. D. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Coal Fuel

In the early 1980s, General Electric—Transportation Systems (GE-TS), a manufacturer of locomotive diesel engines, announced plans to develop a coal-fueled locomotive due to the availability and low cost of coal. In 1985 and 1988, the General Electric Company (GE) was awarded major contracts from the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, to continue the research and development of a coal-fueled diesel engine. This paper is a review of the technical accomplishments and discoveries of the GE coal-fueled diesel engine research and development program during the years 1982–1993. The results of an economic assessment completed by GE-TS indicated the merits for the development of a coal fueled diesel engine for locomotive applications and therefore, GE-TS embarked on an ambitious program to develop and commercialize a coal-fueled diesel engine. Among the major accomplishments of this program were the development of specialized fuel injection equipment for coal–water slurries, diamond compact inserts for the nozzle tips for wear resistance, and an integrated emissions control system. Over 500 hours of engine operation was accumulated using coal fuel during the duration of this program. A major milestone was attained when, during November and December 1991, a coal-fueled diesel engine powered a locomotive on the General Electric test track.

Ultra High Efficiency Hybrid Direct Fuel Cell / Turbine Power Plant

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Leo ◽  
Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh ◽  
Robert Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Fuel Cell Performance ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Performance Gains ◽  
Gas Turbine Cycle ◽  
The U.S

FuelCell Energy, Inc has developed a design for a hybrid powerplant which combines the company’s carbonate Direct Fuel Cell (DFC) with a gas turbine cycle in an ultra high efficiency system. Under a recently completed program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy through the Federal Energy Technology Center (FETC, Morgantown WV), the system design was optimized to eliminate high-temperature developmental components and reduce the overall complexity of the cycle. Modeling studies indicate that the system is capable of operating with fuel-to-electrical LHV efficiencies in the low 70’s with near term fuel cell performance levels. Longer term fuel cell performance gains may provide system efficiencies near 80 percent.

Progress in Diesel Engine Emissions Control

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 568-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Khair
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
System Design ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Emissions Control ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel

A considerable amount of work was carried out in the mid-1980s to develop heavy-duty diesel engines that could meet limits on particulate emissions. These limits, although high by today’s standards, were considered very restrictive. Some manufacturers struggled to achieve the 0.6 g/bhp-h particulate matter limit with enough margin for production variabilities and to account for the deterioration factor. Significant progress was achieved in diesel emissions control through engine and fuel system design changes. This eventually made it possible to meet a particulate level of 0.25 g/bhp-h for 1991. The next target level for particulate emissions is 0.1 g/bhp-h for the 1994 heavy-duty engine. To meet the challenge, engine developers are not only considering engine and injection system design changes but also fuel improvements and exhaust aftertreatment. This paper includes a review of past and current strategies used to control emissions in the modern diesel engine.

Applying U.S. EOP Analytical Justification Experience for VVER Plants in the Ukraine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Linn ◽  
Harold V. Julian ◽  
James R. Chapman ◽  
Alexander Trifanov ◽  
Oleg Zhabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Operating Experience ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
The U.S

The foundation for new Emergency Operating Instructions (EOIs) being developed at several plants in the Ukraine is the Westinghouse Owners Group (WOG) Emergency Response Guidelines (ERGs) developed in the U.S. The ERGs were chosen as a base for the new EOIs for several reasons. First the overall structure and format was adaptable to VVER Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) designs. Second, the ERGs have served as a base for many plant EOIs in both the U.S. and internationally. Third, key information supporting the ERGs was available. This paper describes the method used at one of the Ukrainian plants to provide an analytical justification for their EOIs. The method being employed by a second plant is very similar, differing only slightly in how it is implemented. The WOG ERG development program, which started shortly after the accident at Three Mile Island Unit 2, used many sources of technical information on plant and system transient response, which were available in support of the plant design and licensing efforts. In addition, operating experience from many operating PWR plants in the U.S. and around the world was used. For example, design basis accident (DBA) analyses, documented in a plant’s Safety Analysis Report (SAR) and other design documents, had been performed by Nuclear Steam Supply System (NSSS) vendors, utilities, or the Architect/Engineer. All relevant sources were considered in the development of the ERGs. Limited Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) analyses were available during that time period. When a technical basis for a recovery strategy and associated operator actions was not available, an analysis was defined and performed. In general, these analyses were performed on a generic basis, and addressed the different categories of design (e.g., number of reactor coolant loops and/or low/high pressure safety injection system design). U.S. Nuclear Power plants that were in the WOG program were responsible for implementing the generic ERGs. This required the utilities to review the generic analyses to ensure that they were applicable and to justify any deviations from the ERG methodology. Modern PRA analyses are similar to the analyses supporting the ERGs since they address multiple failures and assume better estimate or expected assumptions for equipment availability and operator performance. The process being employed by Ukrainian plants is similar to the WOG. That is, available analyses and operating experience are being reviewed and pertinent information extracted to assist in the analytical justification of the EOIs. This includes the use of recently updated PRA and DBA analyses, other “original” design information and operating experience. A systematic review of the EOIs is being conducted to identify items requiring analytical justification. For each analysis identified, the specific purpose of the analysis is being documented. The analysis needs are then compared to the available analyses and operating experience. From this review, new analyses needed to justify the EOIs are developed, and a basis for using existing analyses is established. The work is being conducted in two phases. The first phase performs all of the reviews and assessments necessary to determine the new analyses required to justify the EOIs. In the second phase, these new analyses will be conducted and documented, and the EOI Analytical Justification (AJ) report will be written.

Piezoelectric Microvalve for Flow Control in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Bucci ◽  
Jeffrey S. Vipperman ◽  
William Clark ◽  
J. Peter Hensel ◽  
Jimmy Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
The U.S

Maldistribution of fuel across the cells of a fuel cell stack is an issue that can contribute to poor cell performance and possible cell failure. It has been proposed that an array of microvalves could promote even distribution of fuel across a fuel cell stack. A piezoelectric microvalve has been developed for this purpose. This valve can be tuned to a nominal flow rate (and failure position) from which the actuator would either increase or decrease the flow rate and fuel. The valve can successfully regulate the flow of fuel from 0.7 to 1.1 slpm of hydrogen in the range of temperatures from 80° to 100°C and has been tested over pressure drops from 0.5 to 1 psi. A bank of these valves is currently being tested in a four-cell stack at the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory.

scholarly journals A Direct Coal-Fired 80 MW Utility Combustion Turbine-Status Report

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Diehl ◽  
D. B. Stickler ◽  
P. J. Loftus ◽  
R. L. Bannister ◽  
P. W. Pillsbury
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Performance Standard ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Energy Technology ◽  
Steam Generators ◽  
New Device ◽  
Technology Center

The objective of this effort is to establish the technology required for private sector use of an advanced coal-fueled gas turbine power system. The system is to burn low-cost, utility-grade coal, and yet comfortably meet the EPA New Source Performance Standard (NSPS) for coal-fired steam generators. Plant thermal efficiency is to surpass competing coal-utilization cycles. Development of a successful high pressure slagging combustor is the key to meeting these objectives. As subcontractor to Westinghouse, Avco Research Laboratory/Textron (ARL) has designed and fabricated a subscale slagging combustor based on earlier MHD and boiler-type units. The new device is currently in a 12½-month developmental series of tests. Based on these series of tests, Westinghouse is to design, manufacture, and test a full-scale slagging combustor in a test cell at nominal field operating conditions. The activities described in this paper are sponsored by the Morgantown Energy Technology Center of the Department of Energy.

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