Ceramic Matrix Composite Applications in Advanced Liquid Fuel Rocket Engine Turbomachinery

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Brockmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Improved Performance

Hot gas path components of current generation, liquid fuel rocket engine turbopumps (T/P) are exposed to severe thermal shock, extremely high heat fluxes, corrosive atmospheres, and erosive flows. These conditions, combined with high operating stresses, are severely degrading to conventional materials. Advanced turbomachinery (T/M) applications will impose harsher demands on the turbine materials. These demands include higher turbine inlet temperature for improved performance and efficiency, lower density for improved thrust-to-weight ratio, and longer life for reduced maintenance of re-usable engines. Conventional materials are not expected to meet these demands, and fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMC) have been identified as candidate materials for these applications. This paper summarizes rocket engine T/M needs, reviews the properties and capabilities of FRCMC, identifies candidate FRCMC materials and assesses their potential benefits, and summarizes the status of FRCMC component development with respect to advanced liquid fuel rocket engine T/M applications.

Ceramic Matrix Composite Applications in Advanced Liquid Fuel Rocket Engine Turbomachinery

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Brockmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Improved Performance

Hot gas path components of current generation, liquid fuel rocket engine turbopumps (T/P) are exposed to severe thermal shock, extremely high heat fluxes, corrosive atmospheres and erosive flows. These conditions, combined with high operating stresses, are severely degradative to conventional materials. Advanced turbomachinery (T/M) applications will impose harsher demands on the turbine materials. These demands include higher turbine inlet temperature for improved performance and efficiency, lighter weight for improved thrust-to-weight ratio, and longer life for reduced maintenance of re-usable engines. Conventional materials are not expected to meet these demands, and fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMC) have been identified as candidate materials for these applications. This paper summarizes rocket engine T/M needs, reviews the properties and capabilities of FRCMC, identifies candidate FRCMC materials and assesses their potential benefits, and summarizes the status of FRCMC component development with respect to advanced liquid fuel rocket engine T/M applications.

scholarly journals Multiple Matrix Cracking of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites during Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Fiber Reinforced

In the field of civil aviation, the most important factor is safety quality. Improving aircraft performance can increase flight safety factor in some degree. To improve the thrust-to-weight ratio of aircraft engines and reduce fuel consumption, the fundamental measure is to increase the turbine inlet temperature of engines, while hot-section components is directly related to the maximum allowable operating temperature. Ceramic-matrix composite (CMC) material is one of the important candidate materials for aeroengine. To improve CMCs in aircraft engine application, it is necessary to investigate the failure mechanism of CMCs and also failure models. However, during operation, matrix multiple cracking occurs with fiber debonding and fracture, which affects the flight safety and failure risk. In this chapter, the multiple matrix cracking of fiber-reinforced CMCs is investigated using energy balance approach.

Ceramic Composite Attachments for Transmission of High-Torque Loads

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-615
Author(s):  
J. W. Brockmeyer ◽  
A. C. Straub ◽  
E. J. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
High Torque ◽  
Improved Performance

The use of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMC) for advanced turbopump (T/P) hot-section components offers a number of potential advantages relative to the use of “conventional” materials. Among these advantages are reduced weight, enhanced life with reduced maintenance, and improved performance achievable by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. FRCMC are, however, emerging materials, and their design and analysis present unique challenges. These composites have relatively low thermal expansion coefficients and low strain-to-failure characteristics, and they have nonlinear, anisotropic properties. These characteristics particularly complicate the design of attachments to mating metallic components within a T/P. In an ongoing program, an FRCMC stator and rotor for a rocket engine T/P are being developed for eventual ground test demonstration. The rotor attachment is designed to transmit high-torque loads and provides an example of a design methodology that is compatible with current analytical capabilities. The approach used and described herein applies an empirically derived materials properties data base in combination with macromechanical analysis to reach a solution to this design challenge. This example demonstrates both the capabilities and the limitations of current design and analysis practices and provides direction for future development. A curvic coupling was chosen to meet the specific design goals and will be fabricated and tested to verify the design.

scholarly journals Ceramic Composite Attachments for Transmission of High Torque Loads

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Brockmeyer ◽  
Andreas C. Straub ◽  
Eric J. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
High Torque ◽  
Improved Performance

The use of fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMC) for advanced turbopump (T/P) hot-section components offers a number of potential advantages relative to the use of ‘conventional’ materials. Among these advantages are reduced weight, enhanced life with reduced maintenance and improved performance achievable by increasing the turbine inlet temperature. FRCMC are, however, emerging materials, and their design and analysis present unique challenges. These composites have relatively low thermal expansion coefficients and low strain-to-failure characteristics, and they have nonlinear, anisotropic properties. These characteristics particularly complicate the design of attachments to mating metallic components within a T/P. In an ongoing program*, an FRCMC stator and rotor for a rocket engine T/P are being developed for eventual ground test demonstration. The rotor attachment is designed to transmit high torque loads and provides an example of a design methodology which is compatible with current analytical capabilities. The approach used and described herein applies an empirically derived materials properties data base in combination with macromechanical analysis to reach a solution to this design challenge. This example demonstrates both the capabilities and the limitations of current design and analysis practices and provides direction for future development. A curvic coupling was chosen to meet the specific design goals and will be fabricated and tested to verify the design.

A Study of Bridged Delaminations in High Temperature Laminates Under Heat Flux Loading

Materials ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Siegmund ◽  
Ashwin Hattiangadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Loading ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Matrix Composites

High temperature ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are material considered in many applications where high heat fluxes constitute a significant contribution to loading. The laminates can fulfill their function as thermal protection layers only if they stay intact, i.e. without internal delaminations or spalling, such that the heat flux remains undisturbed by such events. Crack bridging is an important effect in CMCs, and its implication to CMC laminates under thermal loading is investigated.

Modeling of the Transition Layer in Ceramic Matrix Composites from Coal Wastes and Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
O.A. Fomina ◽  
Andrey Yu. Stolboushkin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coal Wastes

A model of the transition layer between the shell and the core of a ceramic matrix composite from coal waste and clay has been developed. The chemical, granulometric and mineral compositions of the beneficiation of carbonaceous mudstones and clay were studied. The technological and ceramic properties of raw materials for the samples manufacturing were determined. The method of manufacturing multilayer ceramic samples from coal waste, clay and their mixture is given. The number of transition layers in the contact zone between the clay shell and the core from coal wastes is determined. The deformation and swelling phenomena of model samples from coal wastes, clay, and their mixtures were revealed at the firing temperature of more than 1000 °C. The formation of a reducing ambient in the center of the sample with insufficient air flow is shown. The influence of the carbonaceous particles amount and the ferrous form iron oxide in the coal wastes on the processes of expansion of multilayer samples during firing has been established.

scholarly journals Exposure of Ceramics and Ceramic Matrix Composites in Simulated and Actual Combustor Environments

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karren L. More ◽  
Peter F. Tortorelli ◽  
Mattison K. Ferber ◽  
Larry R. Walker ◽  
James R. Keiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Recession Rates ◽  
Combustor Liner

A high-temperature, high-pressure, tube furnace has been used to evaluate the long term stability of different monolithic ceramic and ceramic matrix composite materials in a simulated combustor environment. All of the tests have been run at 150 psia, 1204°C, and 15 percent steam in incremental 500 h runs. The major advantage of this system is the high sample throughput; >20 samples can be exposed in each tube at the same time under similar exposure conditions. Microstructural evaluations of the samples were conducted after each 500 h exposure to characterize the extent of surface damage, to calculate surface recession rates, and to determine degradation mechanisms for the different materials. The validity of this exposure rig for simulating real combustor environments was established by comparing materials exposed in the test rig and combustor liner materials exposed for similar times in an actual gas turbine combustor under commercial operating conditions. [S0742-4795(00)02402-9]

Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials for Engine Exhaust Systems on Next-Generation Vertical Lift Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Walock ◽  
Vann Heng ◽  
Andy Nieto ◽  
Anindya Ghoshal ◽  
Muthuvel Murugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ceramic Components

Future gas turbine engines will operate at significantly higher temperatures (∼1800 °C) than current engines (∼1400 °C) for improved efficiency and power density. As a result, the current set of metallic components (titanium-based and nickel-based superalloys) will be replaced with ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). These materials can survive the higher operating temperatures of future engines at significant weight savings over the current metallic components, i.e., advanced ceramic components will facilitate more powerful engines. While oxide-based CMCs may not be suitable candidates for hot-section components, they may be suitable for structural and/or exhaust components. However, a more thorough understanding of the performance under relevant environment of these materials is needed. To this end, this work investigates the high-temperature durability of a family of oxide–oxide CMCs (Ox–Ox CMCs) under an engine-relevant environment. Flat Ox–Ox CMC panels were cyclically exposed to temperatures up to 1150 °C, within 240 m/s (∼0.3 M) gas flows and hot sand impingement. Front and backside surface temperatures were monitored by a single-wavelength (SW) pyrometer and thermocouple, respectively. In addition, an infrared (IR) camera was used to evaluate the damage evolution of the samples during testing. Flash thermography nondestructive evaluation (NDE) was used to elucidate defects present before and after thermal exposure.

scholarly journals Effects of Nonuniform Fiber Geometries on the Microstructural Fracture Behavior of Ceramic Matrix Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-gyu Kim ◽  
Wooseok Ji ◽  
Nam Choon Cho ◽  
Jong Kyoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Shear Loading ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Specific Loading ◽  
Smeared Crack Approach ◽  
Smeared Crack

Microstructural fracture behavior of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with nonuniformly distributed fibers is studied in the presentation. A comprehensive numerical analysis package to study the effect of nonuniform fiber dimensions and locations on the microstructural fracture behavior is developed. The package starts with an optimization algorithm for generating representative volume element (RVE) models that are statistically equivalent to experimental measurements. Experimentally measured statistical data are used as constraints while the optimization algorithm is running. Virtual springs are utilized between any adjacent fibers to nonuniformly distribute the coated fibers in the RVE model. The virtual spring with the optimization algorithm can efficiently generate multiple RVEs that are statistically identical to each other. Smeared crack approach (SCA) is implemented to consider the fracture behavior of the CMC material in a mesh-objective manner. The RVEs are subjected to tension as well as the shear loading conditions. SCA is capable of predicting different fracture patterns, uniquely defined by not only the fiber arrangement but also the specific loading type. In addition, global stress-strain curves show that the microstructural fracture behavior of the RVEs is highly dependent on the fiber distributions.

Combustion Test Results of an Uncooled Combustor With Ceramic Matrix Composite Liner

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasufumi Suzuki ◽  
Toyoichi Satoh ◽  
Manabu Kawano ◽  
Naofumi Akikawa ◽  
Yoshihiro Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Annular Combustor ◽  
Release Ratio

A reverse-flow annular combustor with its casing diameter of 400 mm was developed using an uncooled liner made of three-dimensional-woven ceramic-matrix composite. The combustor was tested using the TRDI high-pressure combustor test facility at the combustor maximum inlet and exit temperature of 723K and 1623K respectively. Although both the material and combustion characteristics were evaluated in the test, this report focused on the combustion performance. As the results of the test, the high combustion efficiency and high heat release ratio of 99.9% and 1032 W/m3/Pa were obtained at the design point. The latter figure is approximately twice as high as that of existing reverse–flow annular combustors. Pattern factor was sufficiently low and was less than 0.1. Surface temperatures of the liner wall were confirmed to be higher than the limit of the combustor made of existing heat-resistant metallic materials.

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