Exhaust Gas Emissions of Butanol, Ethanol, and Methanol-Gasoline Blends

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Rice ◽  
A. K. Sanyal ◽  
A. C. Elrod ◽  
R. M. Bata
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Unburned Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Emissions levels for CO, NOx, and unburned fuel (UBF) from a stationary four-cylinder Chrysler engine were measured under a variety of operating conditions for gasoline and three different 20 vol percent alcohol-gasoline blends. In tests of separate isobutanol, ethanol, and methanol blends, lower CO and NOx emissions were observed for the alcohol blends relative to gasoline, particularly for fuel-rich operation. Generally, on a volume (mole) basis unburned fuel emissions were highest for methanol blends and lowest for gasoline, but on a mass or OMHCE basis only small differences were noted. For a given fuel, the separate effects of engine speed, load, and equivalence ratio were examined.

scholarly journals Effect Of Additional Variations Of Etanol Fuel On Exhaust Gas Emissions On Yamaha 125cc Motorcycles

Academia Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Afif Rozikin ◽  
Rachmat Firdaus
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions ◽  
Co Gas

The very rapid development of the automotive world nowadays has made it a daily necessity for the community, in everyday human life it cannot be far from the name automotive, both in terms of transportation, and all kinds of supporting household needs. This can be seen from the number of motorbikes operating more when compared to other types of land transportation vehicles such as: cars. As we know, all transportation vehicles today still use non-renewable fuels. In line with the growing demand for fuel in the transportation, industrial and household sectors. Then this will result in unfavorable impacts on the environment, namely the residual exhaust gases from combustion. The remaining exhaust gases cause air pollution which can pollute the environment and can even destroy ozone which is very useful for living things on earth. In this study we use a reference concept which is then used as a concept, how is the effect of variations in the addition of ethanol fuel to exhaust gas emissions of Yamaha 125cc motorcycles by using variations in the percentage of ethanol 10%, 20%, 30% and variations in engine speed during testing, at 4600rpm, 5700rpm, and 6200rpm. It was found that the best torque and power were produced at a percentage of 10% ethanol at 6200 rpm indicating a power of 6.4 Hp and a torque of 10.6 Nm, and the best results on 30% preentae ethanol at 4600rpm showed 0.01% CO gas, 37 ppm HC gas, 1.8% CO2 gas and 18.06% O2 gas.

scholarly journals Emission and Noise Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Chicken Oil Biodiesel Blends

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5387-5391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Khaskheli ◽  
H. J. Arain ◽  
I. A. Memon ◽  
U. A. Rajput ◽  
M. J. Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nitric Oxides ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Biodiesel is a significant renewable, safe, and environmentally friendly source of energy that produces a lesser amount of greenhouse effect gasses. The studied biodiesel source is local chicken frying oil, synthesized by the trans-esterification process. In this research, the Particulate Matter (PM) exhaust gas emissions and sound emissions are examined. Emissions such as PM (PM1.0, PM2.5, PM7.0, and PM10), nitric oxides (i.e. NO and NO2), CO, CO2, and noise were investigated at variable loads with constant engine speed. Fuel samples, i.e. pure diesel (D100) and 20% Biodiesel (B20) and 30%Biodiesel (B30) blends were tested. Conventional diesel was found to emit more particulate and sound emissions, while B30 had lower emissions than B20 and conventional diesel. The lowest average values regarding exhaust gas emissions were 0.00690ppm for PM1.0, 7.44ppm for NO2 was, and 190.727ppm for CO, presented in B30. However, emissions from the engine decreased with an increase in the blending ratio of biodiesel. Furthermore, the lowest average value of CO2 was found in B30 and was about 1.457%.

Optimizing the Ignition Timing of a Converted CNG Mono-Gas Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 474-478
Author(s):  
Mas Fawzi ◽  
Mohd Norfaiz Hashim ◽  
Fathul Hakim Zulkifli ◽  
Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin
Keyword(s):  
Engine Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ignition Timing ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

Governmental policies on renewable energy and environmental act are aggressively being enforced to mitigate recent climate change. Natural gas is not renewable but it is the most abundant and has the lowest Lifecycle CO2emission among fossil fuel. Realizing such promising alternative, many logistics and transportation companies are converting their existing diesel-fueled vehicle to CNG-fueled. Researchers have shown that CNG engines offer advantages compared to diesel and gasoline engines such as high efficiency and low emissions. Prior to this work, a 4.3L 4-cylinder diesel engine was modified and retrofitted with a CNG mono gas system. However, it was observed that the engine, CNG-fueled combustion is not stable especially at idling speed. The purpose of this study is to optimize the ignition timing best suited for idling both in normal operating mode (700-850 rpm) and in cold start mode (1000-2000 rpm). The ignition timings tested were 20oBTDC and 25oBTDC. The measurements were made at engine speeds from 700 to 2500 rpm. Some irregularities were found in the result, but overall, the ignition timing 25oBTDC is better than 20oBTDC in terms of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. For this particular system, the results recommend that the idling engine speed should be at 700-800 RPM and 1500 RPM during the normal mode and cold start mode respectively. The use of engine speed of 1000 to 1300 rpm should be minimized to reduce overall exhaust gas emissions.

scholarly journals Influence of Innovative Woodchipper Speed Control Systems on Exhaust Gas Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Urban Areas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Warguła ◽  
Mateusz Kukla ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Michał Dobrzyński ◽  
Filip Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
System A ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

This paper discusses the determination of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions when shredding branches in urban areas. It aimed to determine the hourly emission of exhaust gases to the atmosphere during such work and to identify the designs that can reduce it. The research was carried out with a cylinder woodchipper driven by a low-power (9.5 kW) combustion engine. There were three configurations of the tested drive unit: The factory setting (A) with a carburettor fuel supply system, modernized by us to include an electronic injection system (B). This system (B) was expanded with an adaptation system patented by the authors (P. 423369), thus creating the third configuration (C). The research was carried out when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender 4:189-204. 1784)) branches with a diameter of 80 mm, which presented a large load for the machine. The machine was operated by one experienced operator. The average operating conditions during the tests were as follows: Branch delivery frequency of about 4 min−1 and mass flow rate of about 0.72 t h−1. During the tests with the use of PEMS (portable emissions measurement system, here Axion RS from Global MRV), we analyzed the emissions of compounds, such as CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, and determined the fuel consumption based on the carbon balance. The research showed that the use of an injection system (B) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 1.29 l h−1 (by 6.7%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). Modernization of the injection system (B) with an adaptive system (C) reduced fuel consumption from 1.38 to 0.91 l h−1 (by 34%) when compared to the carburettor system (A). An hour of shredding with a cylinder chopper emits the following amounts of flue gases: design A (HC 0.013 kg h−1; CO 0.24 kg h−1; CO2 2.91 kg h−1; NOx 0.0036 kg h−1), design B (HC 0.0061 kg h−1; CO 0.20 kg h−1; CO2 2.77 kg h−1; NOx 0.0038 kg h−1), and design C (HC 0.017 kg h−1; CO 0.22 kg h−1; CO2 1.79 kg h−1; NOx 0.0030 kg h−1). The adaptive system entails significant reductions in non-HC emissions, which indicates that the system needs to be improved with respect to fuel-air mixture control for its enrichment of the low-to-high-speed change. The admissible emission limits for harmful compounds in exhaust gas for the tested group of propulsion units are in accordance with the provisions in force in the European Union from 2019 for the tested propulsion units during operation, with a full CO load about 6100 g h−1 and HC + NOx about 80 g h−1. The tested propulsion units emitted significantly less pollution under real operating conditions (because they did not work under full load throughout the entire test sample).

scholarly journals Uji Modifikasi Komponen dan Sistem Pengapian Yamaha 5D9 Terhadap Emisi Gas Buang dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Bahtiar Wilantara ◽  
Parikhin Parikhin ◽  
Hamid Nasrullah ◽  
Suradi Syarif Hidayat ◽  
Wahyu Alif Ramadhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Analyzer ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Ignition System ◽  
Piston Valve ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

This study aims to determine the effect of modification of components and ignition system on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption on a Yamaha 5D9 motorcycle. The research method used is a case study. The tool used to perform the emission test is a Gas Analyzer type SUKYOUNG SYGA-401 and fuel consumption is measured using a measuring cup. The results showed 1) exhaust gas emissions on the modification of the components of the piston, valve, and ignition system, namely CO 5.76%, CO2 1.6%, and O2 18.09%. 2) fuel consumption increases at each engine speed of 1000 rpm = 100ml, 2000 rpm = 200ml, and 4000 rpm = 400ml, 3) the distance traveled increases at each engine speed of 1000 rpm = 1.9 km, 2000 rpm = 3, 1 km, and 4000 rpm = 4.6 km. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh modifikasi komponen dan sistem pengapian terhadap emisi gas buang dan konsumsi bahan bakar pada sepeda motor Yamaha 5D9. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan case study. Alat yang digunakan untuk melakukan uji emisi adalah Gas Analyzer type SUKYOUNG SYGA-401 dan konsumsi bahan bakar diukur menggunakan gelas ukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tiga hal, pertama emisi gas buang pada modifikasi komponen piston, katup, dan sistem pengapian yaitu CO 5,76%, CO2 1,6%, dan O2 18,09%. Kedua, konsumsi bahan bakar meningkat pada setiap putaran mesin 1000 rpm = 100ml, 2000 rpm = 200ml, dan 4000 rpm = 400ml. Dan terakhir, jarak yang ditempuh meningkat pada setiap putaran mesin yaitu 1000 rpm = 1,9 km, 2000 rpm = 3,1 km, dan 4000 rpm =4,6km.

Experimental Characterization of a Swirl Stabilized MGT Combustor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Monz ◽  
M. Stöhr ◽  
W. O’Loughlin ◽  
J. Zanger ◽  
M. Hohloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emissions

A swirl stabilized MGT combustor (Turbec T100) was operated with natural gas and was experimentally characterized in two test rigs, a pressurized and optically accessible MGT test rig and an atmospheric combustor test rig. For the detailed characterization of the combustion processes, planar OH-PLIF and simultaneous 3D-stereo PIV measurements were performed in the atmospheric combustor test rig. Flow fields, reaction zones and exhaust gas emissions are reported for a range of pressure scaled MGT load points. Parameter studies on combustor inlet conditions (e.g. air preheating temperature, air and fuel mass flow rates and fuel split) were conducted in the atmospheric combustor test rig. From the parameters studies the fuel split between the pilot and the main stage and the air preheating temperature were found to have the biggest impact on the flame shape, flame stabilization and exhaust gas emissions. The measurements of the ATM test rig are compared with measurements of the pressurized MGT test rig with and without an optically accessible combustion chamber. Opened and closed conical flame and flow pattern were found in both test rigs. Reasons for the two flame and flow pattern are supposed to be the interaction of pilot stage combustion and flow field and the interaction of the dilution air with the combustion and the flow field. The results are discussed and compared with repect to a transferability of combustion characteristics from the ATM test rig to the MGT test rigs.

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