Upward Vertical Two-Phase Flow Through an Annulus—Part I: Single-Phase Friction Factor, Taylor Bubble Rise Velocity, and Flow Pattern Prediction

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Caetano ◽  
O. Shoham ◽  
J. P. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Rise Velocity ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Taylor Bubble ◽  
Bubble Rise ◽  
Bubble Rise Velocity ◽  
Flow Through

Upward gas-liquid flow through vertical concentric and fully eccentric annuli was studied both experimentally and theoretically. A flow system was designed and constructed for this study. The system consists of a 16-m long vertical annulus with 76.2-mm i.d. casing and 42.2-mm o.d. tubing. A comprehensive experimental investigation was conducted for both concentric and fully eccentric annuli configurations, using air-water and air-kerosene mixtures as the flowing fluids. Included were definition and classification of the existing flow patterns and development of flow pattern maps. Measurements of volumetric average liquid holdup and average total pressure gradient were made for each flow pattern for a wide range of flow conditions. Additional data include single-phase friction factor values and Taylor bubble rise velocities in a stagnant liquid column. Data analysis revealed that application of the hydraulic diameter concept for annuli configurations is not always adequate, especially at low Reynolds number flow conditions. A more rigorous approach was thus required for accurate prediction of the flow behavior, especially for two-phase flow. Part I of the study includes experimental data and analyses of single-phase friction factor, Taylor bubble rise velocity, and flow pattern transition boundaries.

scholarly journals COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF TAYLOR BUBBLE RISE IN FLOWING LIQUIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
H.A Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Total Curvature ◽  
Rise Velocity ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Taylor Bubble ◽  
Bubble Rise ◽  
Bubble Rise Velocity ◽  
Bubble Rising ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Systematic analysis of the effect of gravitational, interfacial, viscous and inertia forces acting on a Taylor bubble rising in flowing liquids characterised by the dimensionless Froude (Uc), inverse viscosity (Nf ) and Eötvös numbers (Eo) is carried out using computational fluid dynamic finite element method. Particular attention is paid to cocurrent (i.e upward) liquid flow and the influence of the characterising dimensionless parameters on the bubble rise velocity and morphology analysed for Nf, Eo and Uc ranging between [40, 100], [20, 300] and [−0.20, 0.20], respectively. Analysis of the results of the numerical simulations showed that the existing theoretical model for the prediction of Taylor bubble rise velocity in upward flowing liquids could be modified to accurately predict the rise velocity in liquids with high viscous and surface tension effects. Furthermore, the mechanism governing the change in morphology of the bubble in flowing liquids was shown to be the interplay between the viscous stress and total curvature stress at the interface. Keywords: Taylor bubble, finite element, slug flow, CFD, rise velocity

Prediction model and energy dissipation analysis of Taylor bubble rise velocity in yield stress fluid

2020 ◽  
Vol 396 ◽  
pp. 125261
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Lou ◽  
Zhiyuan Wang ◽  
Shaowei Pan ◽  
Baojiang Sun ◽  
Jianbo Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Rise Velocity ◽  
Taylor Bubble ◽  
Bubble Rise ◽  
Yield Stress Fluid ◽  
Bubble Rise Velocity

Two-Phase Flow Through a Relief Valve Discharging Into a Water Filled Pipe

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. I. Ezekoye ◽  
T. J. Matty ◽  
S. R. Swantner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Through

Relief valves provide overpressure protection of components and systems. To properly size them, one needs to know the fluid conditions upstream and downstream, the physical and thermal properties of the fluids at the postulated relieving conditions, a model that can be used to predict the capacity and the geometry of the inlet and outlet conditions. However, in many applications, it is not uncommon that some of the information needed to properly size relief valves may be missing. For example, there may not be information on the inlet and outlet pipe configuration, which may influence the flow conditions. For single-phase flows, neglecting inlet and outlet piping configurations may have minimal effect on the capacity. However, for fluids that are slightly subcooled with a potential for flashing, the effect may be significant. The problem is magnified by the fact that, unlike single phase flows where the ASME standard provides a method for sizing single phase relief valve capacity, there is no standard model for sizing two-phase flow relief capacity. In this paper, we present the sizing of a relief valve for a slightly subcooled water application with attached piping using the ASME and the OMEGA methods to illustrate the differences in their estimates.

Upward Vertical Two-Phase Flow Through an Annulus—Part II: Modeling Bubble, Slug, and Annular Flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Caetano ◽  
O. Shoham ◽  
J. P. Brill
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Bubble Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Good Agreement

Mechanistic models have been developed for each of the existing two-phase flow patterns in an annulus, namely bubble flow, dispersed bubble flow, slug flow, and annular flow. These models are based on two-phase flow physical phenomena and incorporate annulus characteristics such as casing and tubing diameters and degree of eccentricity. The models also apply the new predictive means for friction factor and Taylor bubble rise velocity presented in Part I. Given a set of flow conditions, the existing flow pattern in the system can be predicted. The developed models are applied next for predicting the flow behavior, including the average volumetric liquid holdup and the average total pressure gradient for the existing flow pattern. In general, good agreement was observed between the experimental data and model predictions.

Surface Tubing Temperature Transducers Reduce Damage to Downhole Equipment Following a Downhole Gauge Failure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Zihlmann ◽  
Mike Parker ◽  
Luke Malsam
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Phase Sensor ◽  
Downhole Sensors

Abstract Downhole sensors gather vital data for the health of an ESP system. Not only do the sensor readings help indicate the flow pattern; they also help indicate further issues such as plugging and degradation of the ESP system. Once a system has grounded on a single phase, sensor readings are lost, and operators must rely on current and frequency for the system to operate efficiently. In unconventional applications of ESP, operators see a small difference between no load, no flow and gas locking conditions. This small difference is due to the de-rating of motors used in order to get the fluid to surface in the severe applications. When the sensor readings typically are lost, operators are no longer able to accurately diagnose the reason for a shutdown. Adding the Tubing Temperature Transducers (TTT's) helps regain an indication of motor temperature along with load on the system. When operators have a drop in the tubing temperature this indicates the system is not able to get as much fluid to surface either indicating gas locking or a no-load condition which results in heating of the downhole system, particularly the motor. All these possible scenarios cause degradation of the ESP equipment and can cause pre-mature failure. If the system is set up with TTT's operators can shut-in the well to avoid extended periods of excessive heating caused by either gas locking or no flow conditions. Single phase to ground conditions occur frequently, however this paper does not address the root cause of a single-phase grounds, rather it addresses what the operator can do to operate efficiently when a unit has grounded out a single phase.

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