Mechanical Engineering Issues and Electronic Equipment Reliability: Incurred Costs Without Compensating Benefits

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Temperature Reduction ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Electronics Reliability ◽  
Significant Temperature ◽  
Failure Avoidance ◽  
Electronic Parts ◽  
The Cost

Temperature is widely viewed as a major influence on failures of electronic equipment. Failure Prediction Methodology (FPM), such as MIL-HDBK-217 is an often quoted reference describing the temperature influence, often depicted as being exponential in effect, affecting wide classes of electronic component parts. The FPM concept of a constant failure rate that is accelerated by various environmental influences is widely applied beyond its validity. Misapplications of the reliability models in current use may cause failure avoidance efforts such as temperature reduction and parts quality selections not to yield anticipated overall results. The cost and complexity effects can be significant: temperature reduction, for example, can result in expensive system implementations in some cases whose costs and complexities may exceed the anticipated benefits in reliability. Due to industry wide continuing improvements in component quality over the years, the continuing quest for electronics reliability should change emphasis from attention to electronic parts to activities that address assembly and processes. This paper discusses the ways the temperature ingredient of reliability and similar concepts may be currently applied, with examples to illustrate disparities between anticipations and realizations. Alternate approaches are offered and their possible implementations are discussed.

Data Center Equipment Reliability Concerns—Contamination Issues, Standards Actions, and Case Studies

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Muller ◽  
Chuck Arent ◽  
Henry Yu
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Contamination Assessment ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Equipment Failures

Abstract Lead-free manufacturing regulations, reduction in circuit board feature sizes and the miniaturization of components to improve hardware performance have combined to make data center IT equipment more prone to attack by corrosive contaminants. Manufacturers are under pressure to control contamination in the data center environment and maintaining acceptable limits is now critical to the continued reliable operation of datacom and IT equipment. This paper will discuss ongoing reliability issues with electronic equipment in data centers and will present updates on ongoing contamination concerns, standards activities, and case studies from several different locations illustrating the successful application of contamination assessment, control, and monitoring programs to eliminate electronic equipment failures.

scholarly journals Analysis of Effects of Service Quality and Loyalty on Interest Rates of Basketball Athletes in Sahabat Basketball Club Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Kukuh Hardopo Putro ◽  
Mohd Salleh Aman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Customer Trust

AbstractIn business, especially basketball experience an increased very rapidly, both in terms of quality and quantity in Yogyakarta. Customer as the facilities and services the user pays the cost, much influenced by several internal and external factors. These factors have a major influence on the process of the customer to pay a fee to join and dues in Basketball Clubs. This type of research is descriptive with mixed qualitative and quantitative approach, population in this study is the Athlete Club Basketball “Sahabat” of Yogyakarta, with the number of 20 people, the study sample was determined by random sampling. The technique of collecting data using questionnaires. SPSS.21 using data analysis techniques. While looking at the level of loyalty of respondents to the basketball club Yogyakarta “Sahabat”, 13 of 20 respondents said well (65%) and 7 respondents (35%) had middle loyalty. So from this study showed that customer trust is strongly influenced by the good facilities, appropriate tariffs, staff were nice, the service was very good, and therefore in this study obtained very significant results to customer satisfaction or athletes in the Club Basketball “Sahabat” of Yogyakarta.

Design for electronic equipment reliability in complex systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Poncelin ◽  
Aline Cauvin ◽  
Mathieu Glade ◽  
Patrick Lyonnet ◽  
Denis Dufrene
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Equipment Reliability

Deterministic Failure Prediction

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Alan Burkhard
Keyword(s):  
Stress Condition ◽  
Failure Prediction ◽  
Probability Of Failure ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Reliability Prediction ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

This paper presents an approach to equipment reliability prediction based on the concept that failures of electronic equipment are ultimately due to chemical, mechanical and/or metallurgical processes. These processes follow physical laws which can be modeled and the amount of life available for exposure to a given stress condition can be calculated. Using this approach, a failure-free operational period can be calculated during which, for all practical purposes, the probability of failure is essentially zero. Such an approach is used to design structural systems such as airframes, bridges, etc. But to implement such an approach will require a change in mindset and philosophy in terms of how avionics reliability and failures are considered. This paper presents concepts and ideas of how this can be and is beginning to be implemented.

Effect of Relative Humidity, Temperature and Gaseous and Particulate Contaminations on Information Technology Equipment Reliability

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prabjit Singh ◽  
Levente Klein ◽  
Dereje Agonafer ◽  
Jimil M. Shah ◽  
Kanan D. Pujara
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Temperature And Humidity

The energy used by information technology (IT) equipment and the supporting data center equipment keeps rising as data center proliferation continues unabated. In order to contain the rising computing costs, data center administrators are resorting to cost cutting measures such as not tightly controlling the temperature and humidity levels and in many cases installing air side economizers with the associated risk of introducing particulate and gaseous contaminations into their data centers. The ASHRAE TC9.9 subcommittee, on Mission Critical Facilities, Data Centers, Technology Spaces, and Electronic Equipment, has accommodated the data center administrators by allowing short period excursions outside the recommended temperature-humidity range, into allowable classes A1-A3. Under worst case conditions, the ASHRAE A3 envelope allows electronic equipment to operate at temperature and humidity as high as 24°C and 85% relative humidity for short, but undefined periods of time. This paper addresses the IT equipment reliability issues arising from operation in high humidity and high temperature conditions, with particular attention paid to the question of whether it is possible to determine the all-encompassing x-factors that can capture the effects of temperature and relative humidity on equipment reliability. The role of particulate and gaseous contamination and the aggravating effects of high temperature and high relative humidity will be presented and discussed. A method to determine the temperature and humidity x-factors, based on testing in experimental data centers located in polluted geographies, will be proposed.

scholarly journals Forecasting the cost of the means of measuring

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
R. S. Anosov ◽  
D. M. Byvshikh ◽  
S. G. Zelenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
High Frequency Signal ◽  
Electronic Measuring ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Forecast Models ◽  
Multiplicative Models ◽  
The Cost

The cost of electronic measuring instruments is influenced by their technical characteristics and design factors. Moreover, this influence is often complex non-linear in nature, which greatly complicates the construction of an adequate cost forecast. When justifying the composition of complex measuring systems, the error can be significant and lead to a non- optimal solution. Therefore, improving the quality of forecasts of measuring instruments cost, that are part of the system for testing special-purpose electronic equipment is an urgent task, which is considered in the presented article. When considering the main approaches to forecasting measuring instruments cost, the apparatus of economic and mathematical methods is applied: mathematical statistics, qualitative analysis of the main characteristics and factors determining the measuring instruments cost, comparative analysis of the technical level of radio-electronic equipment samples, and the analog method. As an example, additive and multiplicative models are considered for practical calculations of the cost of high-frequency signal generators and spectrum analyzers as a function of the technical characteristics of these devices. Corrective functions have been identified, the use of which significantly improves the accuracy of forecast, which proves the feasibility of using such functions in forecast models of the measuring equipment cost.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY TEST RESULTS OF A ROCKET ENGINE BASED ON A LOGICAL-PROBABILISTIC METHOD

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Sergey Mikhailovich Podolchak
Keyword(s):  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reliability Models ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Priori Information ◽  
Theory Of Evidence ◽  
The Cost

A logical-probabilistic method for evaluating the test result is proposed, which is based on the theory of evidence of Dempster-Schafer with some assumptions that do not affect the final result. Currently, there is an acute question of creating new types of rocket technology in connection with a change in the situation on the international and domestic market. When creating new samples, it is necessary to pay special attention to the level of their reliability, but also remember to take into account the financial component of projects for the development and manufacture of products. In this regard, research is currently being conducted not only in the direction of increasing the reliability of complex technical systems, which include rocket engines, but also in reducing the cost of their refinement. One of the research options in this direction was proposed by the author in this work. The aim of the work and research as a whole was to demonstrate the capabilities of the chosen method for evaluating the test results, according to which it would be possible to draw conclusions about the success of the tests themselves. As studies have shown, the logical-probabilistic method for evaluating test results based on the Dempster-Schafer theory of evidence, due to the lack of a priori information, can be used in the development of new rocket engine models, but only in a narrow direction. More widely, this method can be used in the design of products based on accumulated experience (amount of information) on existing analogues. Dempster-Schafer proof theory can be applied at earlier design stages, but only in combination with other reliability models.

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