Analysis of Power Monitoring on AC Induction Drive Systems

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Stein ◽  
Churn-Hway Wang
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Graph Model ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Machine Component ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Spindle System ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Static Sensitivity ◽  
Drive Systems

The performance of AC induction motor drive systems as torque sensors is evaluated. Their potential for monitoring tool wear or breakage as well as machine component failure is discussed. A bond graph model of the motor and drive train is developed to determine the relation between electric motor power consumption and the applied torques and to identify the machine components that dominate this dynamic relation. The model, as applied to a CNC milling machine spindle system, shows (1) that the rotor input power is linearly related to both static and dynamic cutting torques under normal process conditions and (2) that the static sensitivity of the spindle system as a sensor increases and the bandwidth of the sensor decreases as the spindle speed is increased. The sensitivity and bandwidth changes are due to changes in system parameters caused by altering the gear ratios between the motor and spindle. Experiments show that the signal-to-noise ratio is affected by the motor torque vibration induced by a geometric irregularity in the drive belt. The vibration, however, does not affect the bandwidth of the sensor system. Power monitoring appears to be a viable torque sensing technique.

A Comparative Analysis of Dual-Order Bidirectional Pumping Schemes in Optical Fiber Raman Amplification

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulwinder Singh ◽  
Manjeet Singh Patterh ◽  
Manjit Singh Bhamrah
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Noise Figure ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
First Order

Abstract In this paper, dual-order bidirectional pumping schemes of distributed fiber Raman amplifier are compared with standard first-order pumping in wavelength division multiplexed optical transmission systems. The novel comparison analysis is carried out in terms of Optical signal-to-noise ratio and Q-factor, on-off gain and noise figure by varying optical input power and fiber lengths. The results indicate that dual-order schemes present 0.02 dB higher OSNR and 5 dB higher Q-factor in comparison to first-order pumping when input optical power is varied from −4 to 5 dBm. Similarly, there is 4 dB higher on-off gain with dual order comparatively to first order when fiber length varied from 10 to 100 km. However, there is degradation in noise figure and Q-factor due to DRBS noise with dual-order pumping when fiber length from 10 to 100 km. Further, the signal power evolutions along fiber length show that there is 5 dBm improvement for 100 km fiber. The novelty of the work is that comparative analysis exhibits improvement in OSNR, on-off gain and Q-factor using dual-order bidirectional pumping.

To Mitigate the Effect of Cross-Phase Modulation by Employing PC-DCF Technique in Multi-Tone RoF System

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Kathpal ◽  
Amit Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Input Power ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Cross Phase Modulation

AbstractIt is known that the high bandwidth demands are accomplished by deploying the concept of wavelength division multiplexing in optical networks which involves the transmission of multiple wavelength signals spaced very close to each other. Due to closely spaced wavelengths, the signal power of one channel phase modulates the adjacent channel which in turn produces nonlinear effects such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-phase modulation (SPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM). Thus, in this paper, PC-DCF (pre-compensating dispersion compensating fiber) technique has been demonstrated and evaluated in the transmission link to compensate the XPM effects, and this result seems to significantly enhance w.r.t. transmission performance and system capacity considering performance metrics such as Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), bit rate, Q-factor and bit error rate (BER). It is evident from the simulation results as well as through mathematical modeling that the proposed technique (PC-DCF) provides optimum results at the channel spacing of 100 GHz, bit rate of 10 Gbps and input power of 5 mW which collectively provides a 5 dB increase in OSNR as compared to the existing compensating technique.

An application of Taguchi method on the high-speed motorized spindle system design

2011 ◽  
Vol 225 (9) ◽  
pp. 2198-2205 ◽  
Author(s):  
C-W Lin
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Spindle System ◽  
Design Engineers ◽  
Design Variables

As spindle speeds increase, the variations caused by high-speed effects become more significant. Therefore, in the initial design stage, it is necessary for machine tool design engineers to construct a robust high-speed machine tool that possesses high first-mode natural frequencies (FMNFs) and is insensitive to high operating speeds. In this article, Taguchi method is used to identify the optimal values of design variables (DVs) for a robust high-speed spindle system with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of system FMNF. The L18 orthogonal array covers seven main DVs at three levels each, one main DV at two levels, and the noise factor spindle speeds at six levels. The results show that the new optimal design has improved the SNR of the FMNF by 2.06 dB from the original design; this implies that the quality loss has been reduced to 62 per cent of its original value. The optimal design has been verified by a confirmation numerical experiment.

Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Electron Level

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per set process conditions where they worked differently to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron-level while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron-level. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the already appropriately landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms come nearly at their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different natured atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface under the given conditions depending on the source-behavior of their ejecting or dissociating associated to employed technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep their structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

Process-Adapted Control to Maximize Dynamics of Speed- and Displacement-Variable Pumps

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Willkomm ◽  
Matthias Wahler ◽  
Jürgen Weber
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Mathematical Optimization ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Displacement Pump ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
Drive Speed ◽  
Drive Systems

Within the last years, speed-variable pump drives were investigated in numerous applications. In combination with a variable displacement pump, the volume flow and the drive speed can be decoupled. In this paper the resulting degree of freedom will be used to maximize the dynamics of so called “Hydro-Gear” drive systems. By means of a novel process-adapted control concept, a dynamic model of all drive components will be transformed to a mathematical optimization problem. It will be shown that the optimum use of the two control variables depends on the actual system and process conditions. In comparison to known control strategies of speed- and displacement-variable pumps the new process-adapted approach can exemplary double the maximum volume flow gradient while reducing the necessary motor speed by over 40% at the same time.

scholarly journals Performance Optimization of Diagonal Identity Matrix and Enhanced Double Weight Codes in Terms of Security for Short Haul Communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 2301-2304
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Identity Matrix ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Multiple User

Optical code division multiplexing is getting attention because it is an imminent multiple access technology which can cater ever increasing data traffic as well as multiple user access in optical networks. In this work, a zero cross correlation based diagonal identity matrix code is presented and it is compared with the enhanced double weight code to check the superior code in OCDMA system at data speed of 30 Gbps. Effect of some parameters of OCDMA system which prominently affects the security of the system and these are input power, linewidth and modulator extinction ratio. Optimization using single parameter optimization and multiple parameter optimizations has been done. In order to accomplish the work, optiwave optisystem software is used and extensive literature survey is done, issues encountered are carefully checked and to address the issues, proposed system is presented. Results are evaluated in terms of Q factor, bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio. Novelty of proposed work is the search of optimal parameters of both the codes in terms of enhanced security such that eavesdropping at these optimal parameters will become tedious for unauthorized user.

scholarly journals Hard Coating is Because of Oppositely Worked Force-Energy Behaviors of Atoms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali ◽  
Esah Hamzah ◽  
Mohd Radzi Mohd Toff
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Process Conditions

Coatings of suitable materials having thickness of few atoms to several microns on the viable substrates are the basic need of society and they attend the regular attention of scientific community working in various fields of science and technology. Decorative and protective coatings, transparent and insulating coatings, coatings of medical implants and surgical instruments, coatings for drug delivery and security purposes, ultra-precision machine coatings and coatings of miscellaneous uses are in the routine demand of research and commercial objectives. Different hard coatings develop under the significant composition of differently natured atoms where their force-energy behaviors as per recovering of transition states provide the provision for electron (of outer ring) belonging to gas atom to undertake another clamp of unfilled energy knot (of outer ring) belonging to solid atom. Set process conditions switch force-energy behaviors of differently natured atoms as per at the ground surface where they nearly worked oppositely to the original state behaviors. Different natured atoms develop structure in the form of hard coating by locating the ground point between original points where gas atoms increase potential energy under the decreasing levitational force at electron levels while the solid atoms decrease potential energy under the decreasing gravitational force at electron levels. Ti-atom to Ti-atom binding is through the difference of expansion of their lattices when one atom is just landing on the appropriately already landed atom where the adhered nitrogen atoms nearly incorporated in their interstitial sites. Under suitable set parameters, different nature atoms deposit in the form of coating at substrate surface in the deposition chamber of certain energy source-based technique. In random arc-based vapor deposition system, depositing different natured atoms at substrate surface depends on the input power where involved non-conserved energies engaged the non-conservative forces to keep the structure adhered. Different properties and characteristics of hard coatings emerged as per engaged forces under the set conditions of involved energy. The present study sets new trends not only in the field of coatings but also in the diversified class of materials and their counterparts, wherever, atoms recall their roles.

scholarly journals Comparison of coherent optical transmission systems performance by DP-QAM levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2513
Author(s):  
Abdul Gafur ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
Syed Zahidur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Symbol Rate ◽  
Optical Transmission Systems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vector Magnitude

In this paper, we investigated the Coherent Optical Transmission System (COTS) performance for multiple types of DP-QAM levels considering various CW laser input power. We compared the performance of COTS for 100 Gb/s with DP-32QAM, DP-64QAM and DP-128QAM respectively. We also inspected the relationship among Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and Bit Error Rate (BER) which are found in accordance for both simulation curves and constellation diagrams. Results are obtained by experiments with DP-32QAM, DP-64QAM and DP-128QAM modulations techniques at symbol rate of 10 Gsymbol/s, 8.33 Gsymbol/s and 7.142 Gsymbol/s respectively. This work is completely based on simulation in Optisystem simulation setup.

Crosswell electromagnetic tomography in steel‐cased wells

Geophysics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony G. Nekut
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Skin Depth ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Petroleum Reservoir ◽  
Port Operation ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Open Port

The applicability of crosswell electromagnetic (EM) tomography is limited when the boreholes are steel cased. Steel casing is typically eight orders of magnitude more conductive than the formations around the borehole. Consequently, the high frequency signals which are needed to resolve the formation conductivity distribution in the interwell region cannot be radiated or received by antennas inside the casing. Introduction of small insulating gaps in the casing eliminates these problems by creating ports where signals can exit and enter the casing, making the casing an electric bipole antenna. The gapped casing can be operated in a shorted‐port or open‐port mode. In the shorted‐port mode, the voltage is specified at a source port, and the current is measured at all the remaining shorted ports. In the open‐port mode, the current is specified at a source port, and the voltage is measured at all the remaining open ports. For high‐frequency shorted‐port operation, the effective length of the casing bipole antenna is determined by the skin depth in the formations surrounding the casing. For high‐frequency open‐port operation, the effective length of the casing bipole antenna is determined by the casing gap interval, provided that it is less than the formation skin depth. The open‐port mode is preferred. The interval between casing gaps is determined mainly by the well spacing. If the effective bipole length is proportional to the well spacing, the crosswell signal‐to‐noise ratio is approximately independent of the well spacing and the interwell resolution is approximately proportional to the well spacing at constant source input power. For large well spacings, gapped casing antennas outperform open‐hole tools. Steel‐cased wells completed or retrofitted with insulating gaps offer a stable, low‐cost, permanent set of electrodes to implement long‐term monitoring of petroleum reservoir fluid movements. Gapped casings offer a practical way to achieve high‐frequency, wide‐aperture EM tomographic datasets at large well spacings. Gapped casings can also be used for deep EM probing of the formations around a single well.

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