Damping and Resonance Characteristics of Thermal Waves

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yu Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Thermal Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Resonance Behavior ◽  
Engineering Materials

Amplification of thermal waves in response to high-frequency excitations is studied in this work. The resonance behavior is explored along with the underdamped behavior in thermal wave oscillations. In transition from an overdamped to an underdamped wave behavior, the relaxation distance is found to dominate the process. A relationship between the resonance frequency and the thermal wave speed is derived. The emphasis is placed on the frequency approach determining the thermal wave speed in engineering materials.

Thermal wave imaging of microelectronics

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Goni ◽  
Aaron J. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Thermal Wave ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Glass Layer ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Frequency Wave ◽  
Thermal Penetration Depth

Thermal waves can reveal thermal properties of different layers forming a multilayer structure. If the thickness of each layer is known, specific ranges of thermal wave frequencies can be implemented to study the thermal response of a specific number of layers and eventually extract the thermal properties of individual layers. As a first approach this idea can be simplified by means of the thermal penetration depth parameter, δ. The thermal penetration depth is defined as, δ=k/πCf, where k and C are respectively the thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity of the material carrying the thermal wave and f is the frequency of the thermal wave. From this expression it can be seen how it is possible to constrain the material thermal response to a desired depth by controlling the frequency. Thus, using high enough frequencies, the top layer properties would be measured first. Decreasing the thermal wave frequency by an appropriate amount would include the next layer in the thermal response. Since the properties of the first layer are now known, it would be possible to extract the properties of the current layer. The measurement would continue in a similar fashion for the remaining layers. Frequency domain thermoreflectance (FDTR) can be used to generate thermal waves. In this technique, a periodically modulated continuous wave laser (red pump beam) provides the periodic heat flux input into the material while a second laser (green probe beam) monitors the surface temperature through a proportional change of the surface reflectivity. The measured value is the phase lag (degrees) between the incoming thermal wave and the surface temperature response. In this study, an FDTR system was used in conjunction with a piezo stage to obtain thermal images of two different multilayer structures. The first one consisted of a CPU chip formed mainly by layers of SiO2 and Cu. The second case consisted of a TFT LCD screen from a mobile device. Regarding the CPU chip, the low frequency thermal wave travelled well past the second layer of Cu wires and provided thermal information about the bottom layers of the chip. In contrast, the high frequency wave could not penetrate through the second layer, which resulted in a more sensitive response upon the Cu wires close to the surface. A similar phenomenon occurred with the LCD screen. In this case the top layer was a glass layer used to sandwich the liquid crystal and the second layer is composed of the ITO electrodes that provide the electric field. It can be observed how the high frequency wave did not penetrate through the top glass layer providing no thermal information about the bottom layer as opposed to the low frequency wave, which clearly shows the ITO electrodes. The estimated thermal penetration depths displayed on top of each image were calculated using the equation provided before with known thermal properties of SiO2, Cu and ITO.

scholarly journals Lamb-type waves generated by a cylindrical bubble oscillating between two planar elastic walls

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2188) ◽  
pp. 20160031 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Doinikov ◽  
F. Mekki-Berrada ◽  
P. Thibault ◽  
P. Marmottant
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Scattered Wave ◽  
Channel Height ◽  
Volume Oscillation ◽  
Scholte Wave ◽  
Rigid Walls ◽  
Elastic Walls

The volume oscillation of a cylindrical bubble in a microfluidic channel with planar elastic walls is studied. Analytical solutions are found for the bulk scattered wave propagating in the fluid gap and the surface waves of Lamb-type propagating at the fluid–solid interfaces. This type of surface wave has not yet been described theoretically. A dispersion equation for the Lamb-type waves is derived, which allows one to evaluate the wave speed for different values of the channel height h . It is shown that for h <λ t , where λ t is the wavelength of the transverse wave in the walls, the speed of the Lamb-type waves decreases with decreasing h , while for h on the order of or greater than λ t , their speed tends to the Scholte wave speed. The solutions for the wave fields in the elastic walls and in the fluid are derived using the Hankel transforms. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the effect of the surface waves on the dynamics of a bubble confined between two elastic walls. It is shown that its resonance frequency can be up to 50% higher than the resonance frequency of a similar bubble confined between two rigid walls.

Nanofluids: Synthesis, Heat Conduction, and Extension

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiu Wang ◽  
Xiaohao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Thermal Wave ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Water Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Enhancement ◽  
Chemical Solution Method ◽  
New Type ◽  
Fourier Heat Conduction ◽  
Two Phases

We synthesize eight kinds of nanofluids with controllable microstructures by a chemical solution method (CSM) and develop a theory of macroscale heat conduction in nanofluids. By the CSM, we can easily vary and manipulate nanofluid microstructures through adjusting synthesis parameters. Our theory shows that heat conduction in nanofluids is of a dual-phase-lagging type instead of the postulated and commonly used Fourier heat conduction. Due to the coupled conduction of the two phases, thermal waves and possibly resonance may appear in nanofluid heat conduction. Such waves and resonance are responsible for the conductivity enhancement. Our theory also generalizes nanofluids into thermal-wave fluids in which heat conduction can support thermal waves. We emulsify olive oil into distilled water to form a new type of thermal-wave fluids that can support much stronger thermal waves and resonance than all reported nanofluids, and consequently extraordinary water conductivity enhancement (up to 153.3%) by adding some olive oil that has a much lower conductivity than water.

scholarly journals Propagation of Stress Waves in Alpine Snow

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (94) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Brown
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Pressure Jump ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Speed Increase ◽  
Final Density ◽  
Attenuation Rate ◽  
High Frequency Waves ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe propagation of pressure waves in low-density snow is investigated analytically to determine the variation of wave pressure and wave speed with density and frequency. The results show that, for pressure waves that produce finite volumetric deformations, both pressure jump across the wave and wave-speed increase with initial density and final density. The pressure jump was also found to increase with the wave frequency if other parameters were held constant, although the dependence on frequency is not as strong as the dependence on the initial and final densities. The relationship between pressure jump and frequency implies that high-frequency waves would tend to dissipate more quickly than lower-frequency waves, although like pressure, the attenuation rate would not be strongly frequency dependent.

Intraocular Pressure–dependent Corneal Elasticity Measurement Using High-frequency Ultrasound

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 251-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurentius O. Osapoetra ◽  
Dan M. Watson ◽  
Stephen A. McAleavey
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Single Element ◽  
High Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Corneal Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

Measurement of corneal biomechanical properties can aid in predicting corneal responses to diseases and surgeries. For delineation of spatially resolved distribution of corneal elasticity, high-resolution elastography system is required. In this study, we demonstrate a high-resolution elastography system using high-frequency ultrasound for ex-vivo measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP)-dependent corneal wave speed. Tone bursts of 500 Hz vibrations were generated on the corneal surface using an electromagnetic shaker. A 35-MHz single-element transducer was used to track the resulting anti-symmetrical Lamb wave in the cornea. We acquired spatially resolved wave speed images of the cornea at IOPs of 7, 11, 15, 18, 22, and 29 mmHg. The IOP dependence of corneal wave speed is apparent from these images. Statistical analysis of measured wave speed as a function of IOP revealed a linear relation between wave speed and IOP cs = 0.37 + 0.22 × IOP, with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.86. We also observed depth-dependent variations of wave speed in the cornea, decreasing from anterior toward posterior. This depth dependence is more pronounced at higher IOP values. This study demonstrates the potential of high-frequency ultrasound elastography in the characterization of spatially resolved corneal biomechanical properties.

Phase Transitions of Granular Systems: Between Brazilian Nut Effect and its Reversed Mode

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi’ang Xie ◽  
Ping Wu ◽  
Shiping Zhang ◽  
Chao Jia ◽  
Weili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Granular Systems ◽  
Resonance Behavior ◽  
Particle Parameters ◽  
Equilibrium Separation ◽  
Vibrating Systems

Granular particles with diameters 3mm, 6mm and 0.6mm, of the same density 0.9g/cm3 and the same total weight 100g in vertically vibrating systems were studied. The transition processes of granular systems from Reversed Brazilian Nut (RBN) Effect to Brazilian Nut (BN) Effect at varied conditions, including different vibrating frequencies, amplitudes, and particles sizes, together with computer simulations were investigated. We have observed experimentally that BN Effect or RBN Effect was appeared at certain particle parameters and vibrating conditions, and discussed in five aspects: dynamic equilibrium, separation mode, convection modes, mass distribution and resonance frequency. The results indicate that the upsurge of granular convection and resonance behavior during the processes plays an important role in phase transitions.

Impact of High-Frequency Vibrations on Metal Items Resistance to Cyclic and Axial Loads

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.R. Kuzeev ◽  
E.A. Naumkin ◽  
S.A. Pankratiev ◽  
R.R. Tlyasheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
High Frequency Vibrations ◽  
Force Calculation

It was shown that the forced vibrations of objects on resonance frequencies could significantly change resistance of these objects to cyclic loads in a low-cycle loading range and decrease critical compression load under axial compression. We carried out a procedure of fatigue testing performance with simultaneous application of high-frequency vibrations. We developed and produced a device allowing carrying out testing aimed to check shape stability of cylindrical shells and their resistance to forced vibrations. Dependence of fatigue life capability within the low-cycle range on the frequency of applied forced vibrations in four harmonics of resonance frequency was experimentally determined. Fatigue life capability decreased by 1,6 times. Decrease of life capability particularly occurs on frequencies which are presumably connected with minimum in size elements of hierarchy of polycrystalline material structures. It was found out that the forced vibrations on resonance frequency contribute the increase of a number of vibrations, that leads to decrease of critical axial compression force value. Decrease can be by up to 40%. Experimental determination of critical load during application of vibrations allowed obtaining formula for adjusting factor calculation in the formula for permitted compression force calculation.

Imaging with optically generated thermal waves

1986 ◽  
Vol 320 (1554) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Wave ◽  
Optical Power ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Thermal Structures ◽  
Non Destructive

By absorption of modulated optical power, a thermal wave is generated that interacts with thermal discontinuities. Imaging with scanned local thermal-wave probing is suited for non-contacting and non-destructive inspection of thermal structures in solids.

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