Two-Dimensional Stress-Strain Relationship for Canine Pericardium

1990 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa Soon Choi ◽  
R. P. Vito
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Material Constants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strain Relationship

Two-dimensional pseudoelastic mechanical properties of the canine pericardium were investigated in vitro. The pericardium was assumed to be orthotropic. The material symmetry axis was determined a priori and aligned with the stretching axis. Various biaxial stretching tests were then performed and a set of data covering a wide range of strains was constructed. This complete data set was fitted to a new exponential type constitutive model, and a set of true material constants was determined for each specimen. Using the constitutive model and the true material constants, the results from constant lateral force tests and constant lateral displacement tests were predicted and compared with experiment.

scholarly journals Prediction of Wide Range Two-Dimensional Refractivity Using an IDW Interpolation Method from High-Altitude Refractivity Data of Multiple Meteorological Observatories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431
Author(s):  
Sungsik Wang ◽  
Tae Heung Lim ◽  
Kyoungsoo Oh ◽  
Chulhun Seo ◽  
Hosung Choo
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atmospheric Data ◽  
Terrain Surface

This article proposes a method for the prediction of wide range two-dimensional refractivity for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications, using an inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation of high-altitude radio refractivity data from multiple meteorological observatories. The radio refractivity is extracted from an atmospheric data set of twenty meteorological observatories around the Korean Peninsula along a given altitude. Then, from the sparse refractive data, the two-dimensional regional radio refractivity of the entire Korean Peninsula is derived using the IDW interpolation, in consideration of the curvature of the Earth. The refractivities of the four seasons in 2019 are derived at the locations of seven meteorological observatories within the Korean Peninsula, using the refractivity data from the other nineteen observatories. The atmospheric refractivities on 15 February 2019 are then evaluated across the entire Korean Peninsula, using the atmospheric data collected from the twenty meteorological observatories. We found that the proposed IDW interpolation has the lowest average, the lowest average root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ∇M (gradient of M), and more continuous results than other methods. To compare the resulting IDW refractivity interpolation for airborne SAR applications, all the propagation path losses across Pohang and Heuksando are obtained using the standard atmospheric condition of ∇M = 118 and the observation-based interpolated atmospheric conditions on 15 February 2019. On the terrain surface ranging from 90 km to 190 km, the average path losses in the standard and derived conditions are 179.7 dB and 182.1 dB, respectively. Finally, based on the air-to-ground scenario in the SAR application, two-dimensional illuminated field intensities on the terrain surface are illustrated.

scholarly journals Single-cell analyses and machine learning define hematopoietic progenitor and HSC-like cells derived from human PSCs

Blood ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (25) ◽  
pp. 2893-2904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Fidanza ◽  
Patrick S. Stumpf ◽  
Prakash Ramachandran ◽  
Sara Tamagno ◽  
Ann Babtie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop in distinct waves at various anatomical sites during embryonic development. The in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) recapitulates some of these processes; however, it has proven difficult to generate functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To define the dynamics and heterogeneity of HSPCs that can be generated in vitro from hPSCs, we explored single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) in combination with single-cell protein expression analysis. Bioinformatics analyses and functional validation defined the transcriptomes of naïve progenitors and erythroid-, megakaryocyte-, and leukocyte-committed progenitors, and we identified CD44, CD326, ICAM2/CD9, and CD18, respectively, as markers of these progenitors. Using an artificial neural network that we trained on scRNAseq derived from human fetal liver, we identified a wide range of hPSC-derived HSPCs phenotypes, including a small group classified as HSCs. This transient HSC-like population decreased as differentiation proceeded, and was completely missing in the data set that had been generated using cells selected on the basis of CD43 expression. By comparing the single-cell transcriptome of in vitro–generated HSC-like cells with those generated within the fetal liver, we identified transcription factors and molecular pathways that can be explored in the future to improve the in vitro production of HSCs.

scholarly journals A systems approach to the characterization and classification of T-cell responses

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinobu Yamamoto ◽  
Elizabeth Whalen ◽  
Daisuke Chujo ◽  
Durgha Nattamai ◽  
Nicole Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractTypes of T-cell responses are categorized on the basis of a limited number of molecular markers selected usinga prioriknowledge about T-cell immunobiology. We sought to develop a novel systems-based approach for the creation of an unbiased framework enabling assessment of antigenic-peptide specific T-cell responsesin vitro. A meta-analysis of transcriptome data from PBMCs stimulated with a wide range of peptides identified patterns of gene regulation that provided an unbiased classification of types of antigen-specific responses. Further analysis yielded new insight about the molecular processes engaged following antigenic stimulation. This led for instance to the identification of transcription factors not previously studied in the context of T-cell differentiation. Taken together this profiling approach can serve as a basis for the unbiased characterization of antigen-specific responses and as a foundation for the development of novel systems-based immune profiling assays.

Evaluation of Patellofemoral Contact Mechanics as a Function of Quadriceps Load and Flexion Angle

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Halloran ◽  
Craig Bennetts ◽  
Robb Colbrunn ◽  
Tara Bonner ◽  
Ahmet Erdemir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Mechanics ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Joint Mechanics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range

Patellofemoral complications are the single largest reason for knee related clinical visits. In spite of this, development of robust clinical treatments in this area remains a challenge [1]. Quantifying joint response across a wide range of conditions may lead to interventions specifically targeting desired or “normal” function. Previous patellofemoral studies often looked at joint mechanics as a function of specific quadriceps loaded flexion (e.g. deep knee bend) and/or during snapshots of loading representative of lifelike scenarios, e.g. gait, stair climb, etc. [2]. Sensitivity studies have been performed for these expected conditions [3,4] providing insight on the relationship between joint loading, geometry and potential contact mechanics. While patellofemoral biomechanics studies are prevalent, few, if any, have attempted to quantify joint response to systematic changes of two of the primary indicators of joint mechanics, namely quadriceps load and knee flexion. The overall joint response resulting from this type of approach could help quantify an envelope of natural function and also serves as an ideal data set for future computational model development. Once developed, probabilistic exploration of inherent uncertainties could be accomplished through a complimentary in vitro and in silico approach, offering quantification and classification of structure-function relationships. As a preliminary step, the goal of this study was to relate in vitro joint response, in terms of kinematics and contact mechanics, to systematic changes in knee flexion angle and quadriceps loading for a single specimen. Results from this study will offer insight into patellofemoral mechanics across a range of expected input and also serves as a starting point for future hypothesis driven studies.

scholarly journals Sound speed in the Mediterranean Sea: an analysis from a climatological data set

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 833-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salon ◽  
A. Crise ◽  
P. Picco ◽  
E. de Marinis ◽  
O. Gasparini
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of sound speed distribution in the Mediterranean Sea based on climatological temperature and salinity data. In the upper layers, propagation is characterised by upward refraction in winter and an acoustic channel in summer. The seasonal cycle of the Mediterranean and the presence of gyres and fronts create a wide range of spatial and temporal variabilities, with relevant differences between the western and eastern basins. It is shown that the analysis of a climatological data set can help in defining regions suitable for successful monitoring by means of acoustic tomography. Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) decomposition on the profiles, performed on the seasonal cycle for some selected areas, demonstrates that two modes account for more than 98% of the variability of the climatological distribution. Reduced order EOF analysis is able to correctly represent sound speed profiles within each zone, thus providing the a priori knowledge for Matched Field Tomography. It is also demonstrated that salinity can affect the tomographic inversion, creating a higher degree of complexity than in the open oceans.Key words. Oceanography: general (marginal and semi-enclosed seas; ocean acoustics)

scholarly journals Novel approaches for large-scale two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of rivers

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 05040
Author(s):  
Mohamed F.M. Yossef ◽  
J. S. de Jong ◽  
A. Spruyt ◽  
M. Scholten
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Hydrodynamic Modelling ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Model Setup ◽  
Using Data

For decades, the decision-making process for water management in the Netherlands makes full utilisation of state of the art models. For rivers, two-dimensional hydrodynamic models are considered essential for a wide range of questions. Every five years, there is a major model revision that includes software updates, improved physical processes, new modelling strategy, and a new calibration. 2017 marked the setup and calibration of the first river model in the sixth generation of these models. In this paper, we discuss the most recent developments in two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling of rivers. We give an overview of the process followed to agree on the functional design of the model and address the use of the recently developed Delft3D Flexible Mesh suite. We address, in some details: i) a mesh independent approach for model setup; ii) the utilisation of a new calibration technique, which is automated using data assimilation and includes spatial and discharge dependencies; and iii) the use of a novel operational module to control hydraulic structures. The first river model within the 6th generation of models is that of the Meuse River, where the new approaches are being successfully applied. In conclusion: the mesh independent modelling approach offers great flexibility and facilitates that the same data set can be used for multiple versions of the model (e.g. different grid resolution; or different model extent). The automated calibration approach makes it possible to utilise a comprehensive calibration data set for a large-scale model in a reproducible way. The increased complexity of modelling has become possible over the last decade due to the availability of large datasets and increased computational power. This paper is particularly relevant for modellers and decision makers alike.

scholarly journals Comparison of Stress-Strain Relationship for Confined Concrete Using Two-Dimensional Fiber-Based Cross-Sectional Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Nia Dwi Puspitasari ◽  
Aulia Dewi Fatikasari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Concrete Column ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Column ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strain Relationship ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Stress-strain relationship is the main parameter to identify the strength, ductility and behavior of the structure. Various constitutive models were created in order to simplify the analytical approach of concrete behavior. In this paper, the behavior of reinforced concrete column is modeled using Attard and Setunge�s (1996) and Mander�s (1988) stress-strain constitutive model. The appropriate model for reinforced concrete column was determined based on the existing experimental data. Two-dimensional simulation of reinforced concrete column using fiber-based cross-sectional analysis in MATLAB is sighted. And the performance of the reinforced concrete column from the experimental data is compared with the analysis result from the simulation. There are two comparation methods used in this research. The first method is to compare the linear regression with the reference line. The smallest degree between the linear regression and the referrence line is expected. The second method is to compare the Root Mean Square Defiation (RMSD) value. The smallest RMSD value is expected to get the most suitable constitutive model compared to the experimental data. From the computational process, it was found that Mander�s Constitutive model is preferaed to be used in further analysis problem concerning reinforced concrete column

scholarly journals Case study of electrical resistivity tomography measurements used in landslides investigation, Southern Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mita ◽  
Michał Glazer ◽  
Radosław Kaczmarzyk ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
Karolina Mita
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Mass Movements ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractMass movements are an ever present threat to building construction, water management, vegetation formation and biodiversity. This paper presents an approach to landslides research based on non-invasive geoelectrical method - Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Mapping and displacement monitoring of unstable slopes is crucial for the hazards prevention and assessment. The ERT technique is an effective tool to obtain structural differentiation of geological medium through interpretation of 2D electrical resistivity models. The main advantage of the method is a wide range of applicability what makes its useful during field works on a landslide. It is commonly used for measurements of slope instability, determination of shear surface, landslide susceptibility, depth of bedrock, slip plane geometry. The aim of the work is to identify the geological structures underneath three selected landslides in south Poland: in Racibórz, Milówka and Porąbka. Attempts have been focused on determination of the usefulness of the proposed ERT methodology for evaluation of possible further development of mass movements. On two investigation sites two different arrays have been used: Wenner-Schlumberger and dipole-dipole which allowed to prepare combined data set and resistivity models based on them. Forward modelling of synthetic models based on a priori information allowed to understand anomalies present on resistivity models. Applied approach ensured quality increase of final interpretation of resistivity models.

scholarly journals Radiosensitivity Index (RSI) is not fit to be used for dose-adjustments: a pan-cancer analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitesh Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Pan Cancer ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Radiotherapy has been striving to find markers of radiotherapy sensitivity for decades. In recent years the community has spent significant resources on exploring the wide range of omics data-sets to find that elusive perfect biomarker. One such candidate termed the Radiosensitivity Index, RSI for short, has been heavily publicized as a marker suitable for making dose-adjustments in the clinical setting. However, none of the analyses conducted, thus far, has assessed whether RSI explains enough of the outcome variance to elucidate a dose-response empirically. Here we re-analyze a pan-cancer data-set and find that RSI is no better than random chance at explaining outcome variance, overall survival times. For completeness, we then assessed whether RSI captured a sufficient amount of outcome variance to elucidate a dose-response, it did not. These results suggest that like the initial in-vitro analysis 12 years previously RSI is not a marker of radiotherapy sensitivity and is thus not fit to be used in any dose-adjustment algorithms.

Specific Labeling of Protein Domains with Antibody Fragments

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
L.E. Buhle ◽  
W.E. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Supramolecular Organization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Virus Capsids ◽  
Processing Techniques

Many important supramolecular structures such as filaments, microtubules, virus capsids and certain membrane proteins and bacterial cell walls exist as ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vivo. In several instances it has been possible to induce soluble proteins to form ordered polymers or two-dimensional crystalline arrays in vitro. In both cases a combination of electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens with analog or digital image processing techniques has proven extremely useful for elucidating the molecular and supramolecular organization of the constituent proteins. However from the reconstructed stain exclusion patterns it is often difficult to identify distinct stain excluding regions with specific protein subunits. To this end it has been demonstrated that in some cases this ambiguity can be resolved by a combination of stoichiometric labeling of the ordered structures with subunit-specific antibody fragments (e.g. Fab) and image processing of the electron micrographs recorded from labeled and unlabeled structures.

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