Boundary Control of Beams Using Active Constrained Layer Damping

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baz
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Control ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Distributed Parameter Model ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Cantilevered Beams ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer ◽  
Globally Stable

A variational mathematical model is developed using Hamilton’s principle to describe the dynamics of beams fully-treated with Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatments. The resulting distributed-parameter model is utilized in devising a globally stable boundary control strategy which is compatible with the operating nature of the ACLD treatments. The effectiveness of the ACLD in damping out the vibration of cantilevered beams is determined for different control gains and compared with the performance of conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD). The results obtained demonstrate the high damping characteristics of the boundary controller particularly over broad frequency bands.

scholarly journals Performance Characteristics of Active Constrained Layer Damping

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baz ◽  
J. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Broad Band ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
New Class ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

Theoretical and experimental performance characteristics of the new class of actively controlled constrained layer damping (ACLD) are presented. The ACLD consists of a viscoelastic damping layer sandwiched between two layers of piezoelectric sensor and actuator. The composite ACLD when bonded to a vibrating structure acts as a “smart” treatment whose shear deformation can be controlled and tuned to the structural response in order to enhance the energy dissipation mechanism and improve the vibration damping characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on studying the performance of ACLD treatments that are provided with sensing layers of different spatial distributions. The effect of the modal weighting characteristics of these sensing layers on the broad band attenuation of the vibration of beams fully treated with the ACLD is presented theoretically and experimentally. The effect of varying the gains of a proportional and derivative controller and the operating temperature on the ACLD performance is determined for uniform and linearly varying sensors. Comparisons with the performance of conventional passive constrained layer damping are presented also. The results obtained emphasize the importance of modally shaping the sensor and demonstrate the excellent capabilities of the ACLD.

Damping Characteristics of Beams with Enhanced Self-Sensing Active Constrained Layer Treatments Under Various Boundary Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. X. Gao ◽  
W. H. Liao
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Control Gain ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Damping Treatments ◽  
Active Constrained Layer ◽  
Loss Factors

In this paper, an energy-based approach is developed to investigate damping characteristics of beams with enhanced self-sensing active constrained layer (ESACL) damping treatments. Analytical formulations for the active, passive, and total hybrid modal loss factors of the cantilever and simply-supported beams partially covered with the ESACL are derived. The analytical formulations are validated with the results in the literature and experimental data for the cantilever beam. Beams with other boundary conditions can also be solved and discussed using the presented approach. The results show that the edge elements in the ESACL can significantly improve the system damping performance as compared to the active constrained layer damping treatment. The effects of key parameters, such as control gain, edge element stiffness, location, and coverage of the ESACL patch on the system loss factors, have been investigated. It has also been shown that the boundary conditions play an important role on the damping characteristics of the beam structure with the ESACL treatment. With careful analysis on the location and coverage of the partially covered ESACL treatment, effective vibration control for beams under various boundary conditions for specific modes of interest would be achieved.

Optimum Placement and Control of Active Constrained Layer Damping using Modal Strain Energy Approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ro ◽  
A. Baz
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Modal Strain Energy ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

The Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatment has been used successfully for controlling the vibration of various flexible structures. It provides an effective means for augmenting the simplicity and reliability of passive damping with the low weight and high efficiency of active controls to attain high damping characteristics over broad frequency bands. In this paper, optimal placement strategies of ACLD patches are devised using the modal strain energy (MSE) method. These strategies aim at minimizing the total weight of the damping treatments while satisfying constraints imposed on the modal damping ratios. A finite element model is developed to determine the modal strain energies of plates treated with ACLD. The treatment is then applied to the elements that have highest MSE in order to target specific modes of vibrations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the utility of the devised optimization technique as an effective tool for selecting the optimal locations of the ACLD treatment to achieve desired damping characteristics over a broad frequency band.

Optimum Design and Control of Active Constrained Layer Damping

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (B) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baz ◽  
J. Ro
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

Conventional Passive Constrained Layer Damping (PCLD) treatments with viscoelastic cores are provided with built-in sensing and actuation capabilities to actively control and enhance their vibration damping characteristics. The design parameters and control gains of the resulting Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatments are optimally selected, in this paper, for fully-treated beams using rational design procedures. The optimal thickness and shear modulus of the passive visco-elastic core are determined first to maximize the modal damping ratios and minimize the total weight of the damping treatment. The control gains of the ACLD are then selected using optimal control theory to minimize a weighted sum of the vibrational and control energies. The theoretical performance of beams treated with the optimally selected ACLD treatment is determined at different excitation frequencies and operating temperatures. Comparisons are made with the performance of beams treated with optimal PCLD treatments and untreated beams which are controlled only by conventional Active Controllers (AC). The results obtained emphasize the potential of the optimally designed ACLD as an effective means for providing broad-band attenuation capabilities over wide range or operating temperatures as compared to PCLD treatments.

Dynamic modelling and analysis of smart carbon nanotube-based hybrid composite beams: Analytical and finite element study

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110197
Author(s):  
Madhur Gupta ◽  
Manas C Ray ◽  
Nagesh D Patil ◽  
Shailesh Ishwarlal Kundalwal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Smart Beam ◽  
Base Composite ◽  
Active Constrained Layer ◽  
Hybrid Carbon

In this work, the carbon nanotube-based hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite smart beam constraining the layer of an active constrained layer damping treatment is investigated using an in-house finite element model based on first-order shear deformation theory. The effect of in-plane and transverse-plane actuation of the integrated active constrained layer damping treatment layer on the damping characteristics of the novel smart cantilever hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite beam is considered. The parameters affecting the damping characteristics of the hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite substrate beam such as the volume fraction of both carbon nanotubes and carbon fibre, and the aspect ratio are also studied. Besides, the micromechanical model based on the mechanics of materials approach is developed to estimate the effective elastic coefficient of novel hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite lamina. The effective properties of hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite are predicted quantitatively by considering non-bonded interaction formed between carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix. It is revealed that due to the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into the epoxy matrix, the effective longitudinal, transverse and shear properties of the hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite lamina are significantly enhanced. Our outcomes explore that the damping performance of the laminated hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite smart beam considering the incorporation of carbon nanotubes shows substantial improvement as compared to the base composite. To bring more clarity, the quantitative relative performance of hybrid carbon fibre-reinforced composite and base composite is presented. Our fundamental analysis sheds the light on the opportunities of developing efficient, high-performance and lightweight carbon nanotubes-based micro-electro-mechanical systems smart structures such as sensors, actuators and distributors.

A Computational Optimal Control Approach to the Design of a Flexible Rotating Beam With Active Constrained Layer Damping

Aerospace ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. C. E. Lee ◽  
E. H. K. Fung ◽  
J. Q. Zou ◽  
H. W. J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Shape Functions ◽  
Control Parametrization ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Passive Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

In this paper, a computational approach is adopted to solve the optimal control and optimal parameter selection problems of a rotating flexible beam fully covered with active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. The beam rotates in a vertical plane under the gravitational effect with variable angular velocity and carries an end mass. Tangent coordinate system and the moving coordinate system are used in the system modeling. Due to the highly nonlinear and coupled characteristics of the system, a relative description method is used to represent the motion of the beam and the motion equations are set up by using relative motion variables. Finite element shape functions of a cantilever beam [1] are used as the displacement shape functions in this study. Lagrangian formulation and Raleigh-Ritz approach [2] are employed to derive the governing equations of motion of the nonlinear time-varying system. The problem is posed as a continuous-time optimal control problem. The control function parameters are the control gains. The two system parameters are the thickness of the constraining layer and the viscoelastic material layer. The software package MISER3.2, which is based on the Control Parametrization and the Control Parametrization Enhancing Transform (CPET) techniques is used to solve the combined problems. The optimal solution takes the end deflection, control voltage and the total weight into account. Results show that substantial improvements are obtained with ACLD as compared to the passive constrained layer damping (PCLD) treatment.

Vibration Control of Plates Using Self-Sensing Active Constrained Layer Damping Networks

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ro ◽  
A. Baz
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Damping Characteristics ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Active Constrained Layer Damping ◽  
Proportional Controller ◽  
Active Constrained Layer

The Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) treatment has been used successfully for controlling the vibration of various flexible structures. The treatment provides an effective means of augmenting the simplicity and reliability of passive damping with the low weight and high efficiency of active controls to attain high damping characteristics over broad frequency bands. In this study, a self-sensing configuration of the ACLD treatment is utilized to suppress the bending and torsional vibrations of cantilevered plates simultaneously. The treatment considered ensures collocation of the sensors/actuators pairs in order to guarantee stable operation. The theoretical characteristics of the multi-layer treatment are presented in this paper and compared with the experimental performance. Attenuation of the amplitude of vibration of the first bending and torsional modes of more than 96% and 35% are obtained using proportional controller with voltages less than 93 volts. The corresponding attenuation becomes and 90% and 84% when a derivative controller is used with voltage of 82 volt.

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